contemporary theories and

their impact to teaching epp

Elem 314: AUGUST 24, 2023

Review Time!
 What are the two streams of TLE?

• TR-based TLE (Training Regulations)

• Entrepreneur-based TLE
What are the key standards of EPP/TLE?

• Information Communication Technology

• Agriculture (Agri-Fishery Arts)
• Home Economics
• Industrial Arts
 What is the perspectives of EPP?

geared toward the development of technological

proficiency and is anchored on knowledge and
information, entrepreneurial concepts, process and
delivery, work values, and life skills
what are the basic knowledge and skills:

1. Information Communication
Technology
2. Agriculture (Agri-Fishery Arts)
3. Home Economics
4. Industrial Arts
What are the guiding principles in
teaching EPP?
What is the appropriate teaching
approach in EPP?
 What are the important matters to
remember in during direct method of
instruction?
What are the steps for direct method
of instruction?
 Direct Method of instruction
The steps are:
1. Teacher demonstrates . – “Watch me and listen to me ”.

2. Students demonstrate with scaffolding from teacher . – “Let’s do

it together”.
3. When students can do the process by themselves, students
demonstrate the skill or process. – “Do it as I watch”.
4. Teacher gives more opportunity for practice for skill mastery.

5. Teacher assesses to determine skill mastery by all students.

 Contemporary Learning
Theories/Psychologists: Their Impact to EPP
Teaching

a. Jerome Bruner and Discovery Learning

b. Robert Gagne and Learning Hierarchy

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

A. Identify the concepts of Discovery Learning and

Hierarchy of Learning; and

B. explain the significance of the learning theories

of Bruner and Gagne in the teaching-learning
process of the different skill in the EPP subject
 discovery learning

● Discovery learning is a method of inquiry-based

instruction.
● This encourages learners to build on past experiences and
knowledge, use their intuition, imagination and creativity
and search for new information to discover facts,
correlations and new truths.
● Learning does not equal absorbing what was said or read,
but actively seeking for answers and solutions.
 hierarchy of learning
● This theory stipulates that there are
several types or levels of learning.
● the significance of these classifications
is that each different type requires
different types of instruction.
● Gagne identifies five major categories
of learning.
● Different internal and external
conditions are necessary for each type
of learning.
 Levels of Learning

can be organized in a hierarchy

according to complexity:
 Levels of Learning

cognitive strategies to be learned,

there must be a chance to practice
developing new solutions to
problems; to learn attitudes, the
learner must be exposed to a
credible role model or persuasive
arguments.
 Levels of Learning

is taught using different

techniques to aid in memory
recall. Using imagery and other
mnemonic strategies, providing
cues to one’s memory, organizing,
elaborating and rehearsing are all
ways to assist in learning
declarative knowledge.
 Levels of Learning

motor skills are physical actions that are

assessed in complex performances such as
skiing, dancing, skateboarding, or even
writing with a pencil.

Psychomotor skills have their own sub

skills, which are also called part skills.
Part skills are taught with clear
instructions such as diagrams, checklists
and even pictures
 Levels of Learning

can be observed in one’s own personal

choices or actions.

Using a mentor or role model has been an

effective way of changing one’s attitude.
The student is first asked to remember a
time where the negative attitude applied.
Then, a mentor demonstrates or re-enacts
the desired response for the given
situation.
 Levels of Learning

The mentor must be valued by the student

and must also communicate the positive
outcome achieved when the new attitude
is applied. Reinforcements or a
conditioned response can be used to
promote the desired attitude.
 hierarchy of learning

● The primary significance of the hierarchy is to identify prerequisites that

should be completed to facilitate learning at each level.

● prerequisite are identified by doing a task analysis of a

learning/training task. Learning hierarchies provide a basis for the
sequencing of instruction.

● In addition, the theory outlines nine instructional events and

corresponding cognitive processes:
Remember!
 What is the importance of EPP/TLE toward the
improvement of life skills, family, and community?

Pause and What is the importance of TLE subject to

Think! student’s work values and life skills?

What is the significance of the learning theories

of Bruner and Gagne in the teaching-learning
process of the different skill in the EPP subject?
 next topic:

Find out:
● the importance of using a language best understood by the
pupils, particularly in the EPP subject

● The need of teaching EPP in the Intermediate Grades using a

combination of Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English as
Medium of Instruction