G1-STEM-11 PR1 4Ps

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02 - Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF ISABELA
ECHAGUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL - 300612
San Fabian, Echague, Isabela
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
By investing in the education and development of children, a country can
cultivate a generation of future leaders who will drive positive change and progress. As
Dr. Jose Rizal once said, "The youth is the hope of the future. Children are the future of
any country, and their potential to become agents of positive change should be
recognized and nurtured. The children cannot help the country when they themselves
could not afford to have quality education.
Background of the Study
Money has always been a problem for every Filipinos, especially those families
have financial Instability. Filipinos have deep regard when it comes to education
(Philippine EFA 2015). But the rights education for everyone is hindered by poverty. As
our population and Inflation is drastically growing that affects the finance stability of
every Filipino Families that are deprived from their basic needs tends to let their children
stop from school and instead help them find a job to make a living.
According to the 1987 constitution, “The State shall protect and promote the right
of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make
education accessible to all”. And with this as the ground, the Philippine government
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initiated a version of CCT or conditional cash transfer that is called Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program or 4ps. The aim of this program is to eradicate extreme poverty in the
Philippines by investing in health and education particularly in children from 0-18 years
of age (Montilla et.al, 2015).
Learners of today’s generation need support in different aspect of life and one of
these is the financial support. For them to be able to cope with the challenges of the new
normal education, learners need to be provided with currency that can be used in
supporting their school needs. Some people may have lot of it but some do not. That’s
why financial problem became a stressor in a learner’s life. In fact, a recent report from
Inceptia, a non-profit financial education advocate, found that four of the top five
stressors among college students involved problems related to personal finances
(Trombitas, 2012).
In 2014, the high school dropout rate among persons 16–24 years old was highest
in low-income families (11.6 percent) as compared to high-income families (2.8 percent;
National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). Financial has the important role in
students’ persistence decision. Satisfaction is a form of someone’s effort in doing what
they wanted to do to achieve their happiness. Financial satisfaction is how people manage
their finances to the things they desired in order to meet their financial needs (Arifin,
2018). Furthermore, financial aid availability can impact on students’ persistence in
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studies in order to perform well academically at school (Lin, 2016). Money problems are
a vital issue for everyone, especially students. Most students have to struggle to make
ends meet as they come from underprivileged families. Thus, students have to make
difficult decisions whether to spend money on food or other essential needs; and others
have to go through health issues that took a toll on their financial situations (Perman,
2019). Financial problems are a serious issue that needs to be addressed as it leads to
multiple stages of problems such as health issues and academic performance. Dang and
Bulus (2015).
Statement of the Problem
This study primarily aims to determine the impact of financial instability on the
academic performance of GRADE 11 students of Echague National High School that are
members of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps).
Specifically, this study answers the following questions:
1. What is the relation of being a 4Ps and the financial instability of the students?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantage of being a member of 4ps to their
academical performance?
3. What is the impact of financial instability on the academic performance of Grade 11
ENHS 4P’s students’ beneficiaries?
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Scope and Delimitation
This study aims to identify the impact of financial stability to their academic
performance of Grade 11 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) participants.
The scope of our study is to find out the impact of financial instability on
academic performance of students who are 4Ps beneficiaries enrolled in Grade 11, in all
different academic tracks (STEM, HUMSS, ICT, and ABM) from National High School,
Year 2022-2023.
The study is delimited only for the 10 students who are members of the 4Ps in the
11th Grade of Echague National High School. The primary goal of our study is to
highlight its impact on the performance of the students.
Significance of the Study
This study primarily focuses on impact of financial Instability to the academic
performance of the pupils who are 4Ps beneficiaries in Grade 11 from Echague National
High School.
This part discusses the purpose that the research will serve to the country, the
government, the institutional faculties, and the research community and the conclusions
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of this research may provide broader information to other beneficiaries about the
perceptions of students under the financial conflict.
To the Country. The result may determine the current status of education relating
to the agencies concerned (The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) as a support to
Pilipino citizens for betterment of the country.
To the Government. The results may introduce further issues from the program
that may prompt the officials to improve and continue to impose its consistency to serve.
To Institutional Faculties. Staffs under educational professions may be benefited
from the results as this study may establish awareness in limitations of implementing
mandatory school projects concerning necessary huge financial needs.
To the Researcher Community. This study may conclude research gaps from
previews studies as new results contribute to disclosure of findings. This may also be a
form of availability as a valid resource to be investigated by the future researchers.
Definition of Terms
To facilitate the understanding of the terms used, the following are defined:
Financial instability - A state in which an individual, organization or economy is
unable to manage their finances effectively, which may lead to financial stress,
bankruptcy, debt, or a failure to meet financial obligations.
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Academic performance - A measure of the level of achievement and success a
student has in their academic pursuits. Performance is usually measured through tests,
grades, attendance, and overall comprehension of the curriculum.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program - A social welfare program in the
Philippines that provides conditional cash grants to low-income families. The program is
designed to address poverty and supports household's basic needs, including education,
health, and nutrition.
4Ps beneficiaries - Eligible households that receive cash transfers under the
Pantawid Pamilya Program. Beneficiaries are selected based on their household income,
and the program requires compliance with specific conditions such as regular check-ups,
school attendance, family development sessions, and other conditions aimed at reducing
poverty and promoting well-being.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This study is designed to explore the impact of household financial instability to
the academic performance Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) members in
Grade 11 ENHS students. This part of the paper includes the ideas, finished thesis,
generalization and conclusions, and others to give familiarization that are relevant and
similar to this research.
Local Literature and Studies
The findings in this study initiates the great interconnection of stress, financial
complexities being one of the factors of its existence. Similarly, as stated by Mahmoud,
Staten, Hall, & Lennie (2012), stress related to financial strain and uncertainty has a
negative impact on student well-being. Financial strain and uncertainty are two
significant factors that contribute to stress for students. When students have to worry
about paying for tuition fees, accommodation, textbooks and other expenses, they can
find it challenging to balance the demands of their studies with the financial pressures
they are facing. Financial hardship often creates feelings of hopelessness and despair that
can lead to anxiety and depression
Moreover, financial uncertainty can boost the levels of stress in students because
it creates a sense of unpredictability and instability, making it challenging to plan and
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make decisions confidently. The financial strain oftentimes makes it difficult for students
to focus on their academic pursuits fully. They might have to work for more extended
hours, cut back on most activities, and take out loans that will eventually become a
burden long after they graduate.
In the current study, Reyes & Yujuico (2014), hypothesized that financial stress
would be negatively related to subjective well-being, or specifically, life satisfaction of
Filipino students. There are currently no published studies that show this relationship
with a Filipino sample. One recent study did not actually measure financial stress, but
showed that sense of poverty was associated with the experience of psychological distress
among students. The study's focus on the subjective experience of poverty rather than
objective financial measures is an interesting approach. It highlights the fact that financial
stressors can impact a person's sense of well-being and mental health, independent of
their actual financial situation. For students, this is particularly relevant as they may not
have a consistent or stable income yet, but may still feel the pressure to meet expenses
related to tuition, housing, and other costs. This can lead to feelings of financial
insecurity and even shame, which can then contribute to mental health struggles such as
anxiety and depression, which will visibly affect their learning system, thus, leading to
poor academic performance.
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According to Reyes et al., (2015), in the college-age population, the top reason
(mentioned by 37.58%) for not going to college or university was the high cost of higher
education; moreover, about 16.0% of those who opted not to pursue higher education
report that they did so in order to look for work to earn money for their families.
Additionally, experiencing financial stress is not unlikely among Filipino students, and
government statistics suggest that a significant proportion of the school-age population
experience financial difficulties.
Starting at the basic education level, almost 20% of Filipino children who
dropped out of school mentioned insufficient financial resources as the main reason for
quitting school (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015). Starting at the basic education
level, almost 20% of Filipino children who dropped out of school mentioned insufficient
financial resources as the main reason for quitting school (Philippine Statistics Authority,
2015). Dropping out of school was most probable among 17-year-olds, particularly
among those from the lowest income families (Reyes, 36 Financial Stress and Well-being
Tabuga,Asis, & Mondez, 2015). Students from low-income families may face financial
hardship that could make it difficult for them to afford the necessities required for school,
such as school supplies and transportation. This often leads to absenteeism and poor
academic performance, making it easier for them to lose interest in school and eventually
drop out.
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As with family income may have a direct impact on a child’s academic outcomes,
or variations in achievement could simply be a function of the school the child attends:
parents with greater financial resources can identify communities with higher-quality
schools and choose more-expensive neighborhoods—the very places where good schools
are likely to be (Egalite, 2016). Egalite also stated that children have access to a full
range of extracurricular activities at school and in the community. But it’s not hard to
imagine direct effects of income on student achievement. Parents who are struggling
economically simply don’t have the time or the wherewithal to check homework, even
small differences in access to the activities and experiences that are known to promote
brain development can accumulate, resulting in a sizable gap between two groups of
children defined by family circumstances.
Foreign Literature and Studies
Ali and others’ 2013 study investigated factors affecting academic performance of
graduate students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. Among
variables examined against students’ academic performance was father/guardian social
economic status. Students from a higher socio-economic status have access to various
educational resources and opportunities that enable them to perform better academically.
Their parents or guardians can afford to pay for private tuition, buy expensive textbooks,
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and provide them with other learning resources such as computers and internet access, in
contrast to those from a lower socio-economic status.
A study by Hoxby and Avery (2013) found that low-income students' academic
performance is highly correlated with their family’s financial stability. Financial
instability leads to stress and anxiety, which may affect students' cognitive functioning
and learning motivation. Moreover, financial instability may lead to a lack of basic needs
such as food and shelter, which may affect students' physical and mental health, thus
affecting their academic performance. Financial instability exacerbates stress and anxiety,
damaging students' cognitive functioning and motivation. This is particularly concerning,
as low-income students already face numerous hurdles in accessing quality education.
Furthermore, financial instability often translates to a lack of basic needs, such as food
and shelter, risking their physical and mental health, both of which impact academic
performance. It reinforces the need to address the issue of poverty to break the cycle of
academic inequalities.
According to a study by Asri et al. (2017), they mentioned that there are many
factors that contribute to students’ academic performance. However, family socio-
economic are the significant factors as it involves financial management which will
provide motivation for the students to either have passion or not to achieve in their
academics. It is well established that financial stability within a family can led to a more
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supportive home environment that nurtures a child’s interests and academic pursuits. This
can translate into motivation for the student to seek academic excellence. Similarly,
students from socio-economically stable families usually have access to better resources
such as supplemental educational materials, private tutoring, and extracurricular activities
which can supplement their learning. In contrast, children from lower socio-economic
backgrounds may face several barriers that impede academic performance. Financial
constraints can limit access to educational resources whilst negative home environments
such as inadequate parental attention, family conflicts, and poor role models can hinder
academic motivation. Additionally, children from low-income families may have to
shoulder responsibilities such as working part-time jobs or caring for younger siblings
which can reduce study time and lead to academic underachievement. The study’s
findings suggest that policy and intervention efforts should focus on reducing the impact
of family socio-economic status on students’ academic achievements. This can be done
by providing more financial assistance to families with lower socio-economic status and
increasing educational opportunities and resources in disadvantaged areas.
Perman (2019) also mentioned that approximately 59% of students from
underprivileged or low-income families worked for 15 hours and more, and they received
a C average or lower for their academics. This does not only affect the students schedule
as they not only have to manage their time for classes and assignments, but they also
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have to manage and plan their part-time job schedule accordingly. This will eventually
affect their academic performance and add to health problems such as fatigue. As the
effect of this financial problem, students tend to be less socializing, skip classes, and take
a toll on their health, leading to poor academic performance. The issue of financial
struggle among students not only affects their academic performance but also takes a toll
on their overall well-being. Having to work for long hours to make ends meet can leave
them feeling exhausted, demotivated and stressed out. Consequently, this can negatively
affect their social and academic life, leading to a host of health problems. As a result, it is
crucial to develop policies that address the financial struggle students face, including
scholarships, bursaries, and student loan schemes. Additionally, universities and colleges
can offer internships and work-study programs that could help students earn money while
studying with flexibility in their work schedules. These initiatives, combined with
financial education and career guidance services, would help students gain valuable job
experience and manage their finances effectively. By doing so, students can achieve
better academic grades and improve their mental and physical well-being, increasing their
chances of success and reducing the burden of debt after graduation.
In conclusion, variation of factors is affected, from motivations in class
participations to dropping out of the educational institution. Majority of these compiled
studies and literature suggests the greatness of financial instability as the point of
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student’s excellence in academical performance. Depending on the perceptions and
programs or organizations associated as a support, differences between results are
highlighted as one of these findings may share the same conclusions as this research
study.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter introduces the method selection among variation, as the medium of
the data gathering process to be executed by the researchers. This part includes the
research design, research respondents, research instruments, and data gathering
procedure.
Research Design
This study aims to identify the impact of financial instability of Echague National
High School Grade 11 students. The researchers used phenomenology to gather data from
the respondents, applying the snowball sampling method which is done by asking
relevant people who is willing to participate in this research. The primary classification of
data will be collected through setting a semi-structured interview.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study will focus on the 4Ps Senior High School
specifically the grade 11 students who are currently enrolled in Echague National High
School to participate. List of all such students in will serve as the sampling frame, and
convenience sampling will be utilized for the sampling process. On the basis of their
availability and willingness to participate, these students will be selected for the study.
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Research Instruments
The instruments used in data gathering process are interview questionnaires, pen
and paper, and phone recorder. These are the most appropriate instruments to be used, for
it ensures the validity and reliability of the research study.
1. Interview questionnaire – Through this instrument, the data to be gathered will be
more reliable and specific. This also guides the respondents to understand the
questions easily.
2. Cellphone recorder – With this as a tool, the data to be gathered will ensure
authenticity. This also makes the data credible and coherence.
3. Pen and Paper – These are the most basic and widely used tools for interviews.
Researchers use them to take notes, write down key points, record quotes, and
capture observations during the interview.
Research Procedures
The process will be done by the researchers as follows:
1. The researchers will choose a sample of individuals who has experience or
knowledge related to the study.
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2. The researchers will use snowball sampling as a technique to select the
respondents.
3. The Researchers will schedule an in-person interview with those chosen
individuals depending on their availability and willingness, and ask questions as a
voice-recorder rolls to get their perspective and insight.
4. After collecting data, the researchers will carefully analyze it and identify the
themes, pattern, and relationships.
5. Once the data has been analyzed, the researchers will interpret the findings and
draw conclusions based on the research questions.
Data Analysis
This study will outline the systematic approach and techniques employed to
extract meaningful insights from the collected data from the ten (10) participants to
properly interpret the opinions and thoughts, and determine the impact of financial to
the academic performance of Grade 11 ENHS students.
To analyze the data from the participants, the researchers applied Thematic
Analysis where the researchers will be able to gain a deeper understanding on the
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impact of financial instability to the academic performance of Grade 11 learners
which will help to provide a
structured approach to analyzing and interpreting data, leading to a rich and nuanced
understanding of the research topic.
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter includes the interview questions together with the respondents’ answers
as the data gathered for this study. This part discusses the findings as well as the
interpretations of the following tables below:
Table 1: Respondents’ Strand Under Academic Track (Students’ profile)

STRAND / SECTION TALLY PERCENTAGE
STEM 11 2 20%
ICT 11 0 -
ABM 11 1 10%
ATHENA (HUMSS 11) 1 10%
HESTIA (HUMSS 11) 2 20%
ACHILLES (HUMSS 11) 0 -
HERA (HUMSS 11) 4 40%
This table shows how many 4Ps member students in every strand of Grade 11 in
Echague National Highschool. Majority of the respondents were from the section Hera of
Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS) strand with an average of of 40% from the
whole sample.
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GENDER TALLY PERCENTAGE

Male 2 20%
Female 8 80%
Table 2: Respondents’ Gender (Students’ profile)
This demographic gender profile shows most of 4ps grade 11 members in
Echague National High School is Female. Most of the respondents were identified as
female with an average of 80%.
AGE TALLY PERCENTAGE

16 y/o 3 30%
17 y/o 7 70%
Table 3: Respondents’ Age (Students’ profile)
This demographic age profile shows most of the 4Ps grade 11 members in
Echague National High School is 17 years old with the remaining tally of below the
majority age is only at 30%.
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Table 4: Reason to be chosen as one of the beneficiaries of the 4Ps
Question 1: What do you think are the reasons why you are chosen as one of the
beneficiaries on Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps).
R3: Dahil kabilang ako sa isa sa poorest
among the poor po.
R4: Well, I think because of the lack of
financial support. Dahil hindi sapat ang
kinikita ng aking pamilya para masuportahan
ang aming pag aaral at sa pangangailangan
namin sa araw-araw. LACK OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT
R6: Wala po kasi kaming kapera-pera.
R7: Dahil sa kakulangan sa financial na
pangangailagan.
R8: Ewan ko po ako, pero wala po kasi
kaming kapera-pera. Kaya ano sumali po si
Mama.
R10: Mahirap, kulang sa suportang
pinansiyal.
R1: Wala pong trabaho ang aking mga
magulang.
R2: Nung kinuha Kasi kami wala pang
trabaho mga magulang ko tapos sakto naman
pong may nag-interview nung mga kumukuha
sa 4Ps kaya ayon po, nakuha naman po. UNEMPLOYED PARENT(S)
R5: Wala pong trabaho yung mga magulang
ko.
R9: Hindi ko po alam, eh. Ano lang po kasi
ako..nilipat lang sa akin yung pangalan ng
dating tumatanggap. Natanggap naman kasi
walang trabaho yung parents ko non.
In this table, it shows that four (4) out of ten (10) of the Grade 11 4Ps students
who has responded to the first question said that the reason why they are chose as 4ps
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member because their parents is unemployed. And six (6) of the grade 11 students who
respond to the first question said that the reason why they are chose as 4ps member
because of lack of financial support.
Question 2: What are the advantages of 4Ps membership that helps you to overcome
your financial instability on academic performance?
R1: Nag pro-provide ng financial support, allowance sa pag-

aaral kaya nakakasabay ako sa mga projects na kailangan pang
bumili ng mga materials.
R2: Naibibigay sa amin na pag-dagdag ng baon, parang
support.
R3: pros eh mas nakakagaan sa pag aaral kasi hindi ko na
iisipin yung nga kailangan bilhin at bayaran sa school, may
extrang tulong.
R4: ang advantages ng programang 4ps ay nakakatulong ito sa
aming pag-aaral, sa mga kailangan bayaran sa eskwela. FINANCIAL
SUPPORT FOR
R5: Nabibigyan kami ng allowance na makakatulong sa mga ACADEMIC
pangangailagan namin, pati na rin sa pag-aaral. -Q3: Wala COSTS
naman po, para sa akin.
R6: Nakakatulong ang 4ps sa aking pag aaral, dahil kada month
eh may nakukuha kami.
R7: Nagkakaroon kami ng extrang allowance na nakakatulong
na nagagamit sa iskwela
R8: Nakakatulong siya kasi nabibigayan kami ng allowance
panggastos sa school.
R9: Nakakatulong yung nakukuhang pera para sa mga gastusin
sa pag-aaral—school supplies at allowance na rin.
R10: Kapag ano wala kaming pera eh kada month may
nakukuha kami kaya may naibibigay ako kapag may ambagan,
sa mga group projects at pam-print.
Table 5: Advantages of 4Ps Membership to 4Ps Learners
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This table shows that all of the Grade 11 4Ps students who has responded to the
second question stated that the advantage of being a 4Ps member is having financial
support for academic costs.
Table 6: Disadvantages of 4Ps Membership to the 4Ps Learners
Question 3: What are the disadvantages of 4Ps membership that hinder you to
overcome your financial instability on academic performance?
R1: Ang daming dapat i-maintain tulad nung sa attendance po
sa school, ganon.
R2: Ano, minsan kasi eh ako ang nakiki-meeting tapos na-
aabsent ko ‘yung mga subject kapag.
R3: Marami po meeting na dapat kang umattend.
R7: Sa pag-attend ng mga meeting sa 4ps, minsan ay ORGANIZATION’S
nagagamit namin kesa sa mag-review kami ay nakukuha ang STRICT
aming oras. REGULATIONS
R8: Every month kailangan pa po naming maglinis
[baranggay/community gardening].
R9: istrikto yung attendance, nababawasan yung binibigay.
Kasi nagkakaroon ng records. 'Pag uma-absent, naaapektuhan
'yung pangalan sa listahan.
R5: Wala naman po, para sa akin. NO
R6: Wala namang disadvantage. DISADVANTAGE
R10: Wala naman
R4: Hindi pantay na pamamahagi sa aming mga participants UNEVEN
[yung pera] at kung minsan eh binabawasan pa ito. DISTRIBUTION
OF CASH
ASSISTANCE
This table shows that six (6) of the Grade 11 4ps students who has responded to
the third question stated that the disadvantage of being 4ps member is having strict
regulations of their organization, while one (1) among ten (10) respondents claimed that
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the disadvantage of being a 4ps member is having uneven distribution of cash assistance.
However, three (3) of the remaining said that there is no disadvantage of being a 4ps
member.
Table 7: Effect of Household Financial Instability in the Academic Performance of 4Ps
learners.
Question 4: How do you see the effect of household financial instability on your day
current academic performance?
R3: Kulang sa financial support kaya minsan hindi nakaka
focus sa mga activities. Kulang sa gamit kapag, madalas
maubusan [ng supplies].
R4: Well, sometimes hindi ako makapag fokus sa klase at
sumasakit ulo ko dahil sa dami ng aking iniisip. Lalo na diba, ACADEMICALLY
mag c-college na tayo. Kaya nag-aalala ako sa mga gastusin sa LETHARGIC
pag-aaral ko dahil mahal pa naman ang gastusin sa college.
R6: Ang effect g lack of financial sa akin as a student,
nahihirapan kami dahil, Wala kaming pang bayad. Minsan,
nanghihina nalang kasi parang hindi ka makasabay sa mga
classmate na maraming funds o panggastos.
R8: Mahirap kasi ako nalang mag-isa, wala nang sumusuporta
sa akin.
R9: Mahirap kasi hindi ako nakakabili ng mga kailangan sa ACADEMICAL
school, sa mga project kaya minsan..nagkaka problema rin sa STRUGGLES
grades. UNDER
R10: Nahihirapan siyempre kapag walang pera, walang FINANCIAL
pambayad sa mga gastusin; sa mga ambagan sa research at PRESSURE
projects kaya hindi name-meet yung mas mataas sana na
grades.
R5: Maaring bumaba ang aking grades at hindi na makapag-
aral. UNABLE TO
R7: Maaring hindi na makagpag-aral dahil sa maraming STUDY
gastusin.
R1: Wala naman po. NO EFFECT
R2: Wala naman po, para sa akin.
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Three (3) of the of the ten (10) respondents stated that the effect of household
financial instability on your day current academic performance is academically lethargic, another
three (3) answered academical struggles under financial pressure, two (2) stated that they may not
be able to study, while the two (2) remaining respondents claimed that financial issues do
not affect their academic performance.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This part of the paper discusses the summarization of the data collected and
interpreted from the last chapter. General conclusions and recommendations are also
provided in this chapter.
Summary
This study primarily aims to determine the impact of financial instability on the
academic performance of GRADE 11 students of Echague National High School that are
members of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps).
Specifically, this study answers the following questions:
1. What is the relation of being a 4Ps and the financial instability of the students?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantage of being a member of 4ps to their
academical performance?
3. What is the impact of financial instability on the academic performance of Grade 11
ENHS 4P’s students’ beneficiaries?
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In this part of research, the summary of the findings is presented.
1. The reason why the students chosen as 4ps member was because they are financially
instable and lack of financial support.
2. Most of the 4ps students who is financially instable were aged around 16–17-year-old.
3. The advantage of being a 4ps member was having financial support to their financial
needs specially in their academic performance.
4. The disadvantages of being a 4ps member includes strict organization rules, and
uneven distribution of cash assistance, while there's no advantages among the others.
5.There is a significant impact of being a financially instable of the students to their
academic performance.
Conclusion
The respondents identified lack of financial support as the main reason as why
they are chosen to be in a government financial support provider program (4Ps) while the
unemployment of their parents or guardian came as a second reason for the said program
membership, partially highlighting the same result with a study of Arsi et. al (2017)
which suggests that family socio-economics are the significant factors as it involves
financial management which will provide motivation for the students to either have
passion or not to achieve in their academics.
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While all of the respondents stated that financial support for academic costs is the
primary benefit of the program to their academic performance, several disadvantages are
expressed by the respondents concerning their 4Ps membership. The organization's strict
regulations topped as the most claimed disadvantages to the members; the strict
attendance, required community service as well as immediate meetings in particular. One
of the research participants claims that an uneven distribution of cash assistance hinders
them in overcoming financial instability on their performance as their financial needs
concerning academics are insufficiently met, leading to a decreased academic
performance.
While 30% of them claimed that there were no disadvantages in being a 4Ps
member. As how the respondents see the effects of financial instability to their
performance, 20% states that they do not see any correlation between their financial
struggles with their academic performance, thus, no impacts were identified. In contrary,
the remaining statements of the other participants claimed otherwise as they expressed
helplessness and devastation towards their situations regarding financials.
With similarities to the study of Hoxby and Avery (2013), low-income students'
academic performance is highly correlated with their family’s financial stability as this
leads to stress and anxiety, affecting students' cognitive functioning and learning
28
motivation. Based on the collected data, the respondents experience lethargy and
academic struggles under pressure of school costs, resulting to their poor performance.
With all this being said, the researchers therefore conclude that the impact of
household financial instability to students that are 4Ps members varies in accordance to
their difference in perception and experiences. As how they perceive the advancements
and disadvantages of 4Ps membership to their academical performance, this either
constitutes beneficial or unpleasant impact.
Recommendations
The researchers recommend future researchers to investigate and analyze the
perception and behaviors of being financially instable of the students of Echague
National Highschool. The researchers also recommend to increase the number of
respondents in chosen grade level, since the present researchers only studied the Grade 11
students of Echague National Highschool, school year 2022-2023.
The researchers recommend future researchers to investigate and analyze the
perception and behaviors of being financially instable of the students of Echague
National Highschool. The researchers also recommend to increase the number of
respondents in chosen grade level, since the
29
present researchers only studied the Grade 11 students of Echague National Highschool,
school year 2022-2023.
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2
APPENDICES

G1-STEM-11 PR1 4Ps

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Republic of the Philippines

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

By investing in the education and development of children, a country can

could not afford to have quality education.

Background of the Study

of age (Montilla et.al, 2015).

stressors among college students involved problems related to personal finances

in low-income families (11.6 percent) as compared to high-income families (2.8 percent;

students’ persistence decision. Satisfaction is a form of someone’s effort in doing what

2018). Furthermore, financial aid availability can impact on students’ persistence in

Statement of the Problem

members of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps).

Specifically, this study answers the following questions:

3. What is the impact of financial instability on the academic performance of Grade 11

ENHS 4P’s students’ beneficiaries?

Scope and Delimitation

performance of Grade 11 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) participants.

highlight its impact on the performance of the students.

Significance of the Study

This study primarily focuses on impact of financial Instability to the academic

perceptions of students under the financial conflict.

to the agencies concerned (The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) as a support to

Pilipino citizens for betterment of the country.

To Institutional Faculties. Staffs under educational professions may be benefited

mandatory school projects concerning necessary huge financial needs.

form of availability as a valid resource to be investigated by the future researchers.

Financial instability - A state in which an individual, organization or economy is

bankruptcy, debt, or a failure to meet financial obligations.

Academic performance - A measure of the level of achievement and success a

grades, attendance, and overall comprehension of the curriculum.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program - A social welfare program in the

health, and nutrition.

poverty and promoting well-being.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This study is designed to explore the impact of household financial instability to

the academic performance Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) members in

similar to this research.

Local Literature and Studies

can lead to anxiety and depression

it creates a sense of unpredictability and instability, making it challenging to plan and

burden long after they graduate.

would be negatively related to subjective well-being, or specifically, life satisfaction of

poor academic performance.

government statistics suggest that a significant proportion of the school-age population

experience financial difficulties.

children defined by family circumstances.

Foreign Literature and Studies

variables examined against students’ academic performance was father/guardian social

contrast to those from a lower socio-economic status.

performance is highly correlated with their family’s financial stability. Financial

damaging students' cognitive functioning and motivation. This is particularly concerning,

as low-income students already face numerous hurdles in accessing quality education.

factors that contribute to students’ academic performance. However, family socio-

such as supplemental educational materials, private tutoring, and extracurricular activities

academic motivation. Additionally, children from low-income families may have to

of family socio-economic status on students’ academic achievements. This can be done

increasing educational opportunities and resources in disadvantaged areas.

Perman (2019) also mentioned that approximately 59% of students from

chances of success and reducing the burden of debt after graduation.

In conclusion, variation of factors is affected, from motivations in class

participations to dropping out of the educational institution. Majority of these compiled

student’s excellence in academical performance. Depending on the perceptions and