High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

Generation and Measurement of High AC Voltage

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Generation of high AC voltages by means of a test transformer

b. Measurement of high AC voltage using the capacitive voltage divider
c. Measurement of high AC voltage using standard measuring sphere gaps
d. Evaluation of results as per IEC standards

2. Components Required

a. High voltage test transformer

b. Connecting electrode
c. Support insulator
d. Blocking impedance
e. High voltage capacitive divider
f. Earthing rod
g. Automatic earthing device
h. Power module LM 48
i. Operator device
j. Breakdown detection unit
k. Standard measuring sphere gaps
l. Safety column
m. Guards fence with door and signal lamps

3. Overview Diagram

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

4. Complete Circuit Diagram

5. System Description

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

6. Standard Disruptive Discharge Voltage

Based on the standard measuring sphere gaps of 250 mm diameter of HVL, following are the
corresponding breakdown voltage values at normal conditions. (IEC 60052: 2002)
Sphere gaps spacing (mm) Peak voltage (kV)

10 31.7
20 59.0
30 86.0
40 112.0
50 137.0
Table 1: Peak values of disruptive discharge voltage in kV for AC Voltage at power frequency, full LI and SI of
negative polarity, and DC voltage of both polarities

Disruptive discharge: Failure of insulation under electric stress, in which the discharge completely
bridges the insulation under test, reducing the voltage between electrodes to practically zero.

Disruptive-discharge voltage value of a test object: Value of the test voltage causing disruptive discharge,
as specified, for the various tests, in therelevant clauses of the presentstandard.

7. Atmosphere Correction in Dry Tests

7.1. Standard reference atmosphere (IEC 60060-1: 2010)
• Temperature 𝑡0 = 20℃
• Absolute pressure 𝑝0 = 1013 mbar
• Absolute humidity ℎ0 = 11 𝑔/𝑚3

7.2. Correction factor 𝜹

As the breakdown voltage depends on the ambient environmental conditions, standard table values must be
converted using a correction factor (IEC 60052: 2002):
𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉𝑑0. 𝛿

𝑝 273 + 𝑡0
𝛿= .
𝑝0 273 + t
𝑽𝒅 isthebreakdown voltage;
𝑽𝒅𝟎 is the breakdown voltage at normal conditions;
𝒑 is the air pressure;
𝒑𝟎 is the air pressure at normal conditions;
𝒕𝟎 is the temperature in ℃ at normal conditions;
𝒕 is the temperature in ℃

Important!
For measurement voltage below 72.5 kV, no humidity correction is applied. This experiment is purely designed
for the demonstration purpose and it is, therefore, recommended not to apply humidity correction factor at all
unless otherwise specified.

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

8. Scale Factor Adjustment

The indirectly measurement of high AC voltage is carried out by using the capacitive voltage divider
with the following principle diagram.

Symbol Object Rated value

𝑪𝑯𝑽 High voltage 0.3109 nF
measuring
capacitor
𝑪𝑳𝑽 Low voltage capacitor 325.5 nF

𝑪𝑷𝑫 PD measuring 90 nF
impedance
𝑪𝑪 Divider to peak 10m,1.035nF
voltmeter cable
Table 2: Rated capacitance values
Figure 1: Principle circuit diagram

The scale factor (𝑆𝐹) of the divider is calculated with the given equation and as per values tabulated in
Table 2.

𝐶𝐻𝑉 + 𝐶𝐿𝑉 + 𝐶𝑃𝐷 + 𝐶𝑐 0.3109 + 325.5 + 90 + 1.035

𝑆𝐹 = = = 1341
𝐶𝐻𝑉 0.3109

This calculated scale factor of 1341 of the divider is without considering the stray capacitances and
without consideration of the influence of a connected PD measuring device.

According to the calibration report performance recorded as per IEC 60060-2, the assigned factor while
comparing thedivider with referencesystem is 1358.

9. Experimental Procedure

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

10. Measurement
10.1. Overview of measurements

10.2. Current and voltage measurements (𝑰𝒐𝒖𝒕 , 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒔 , 𝑼𝒐𝒖𝒕 , 𝑼𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 )

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

11. Analysis of Results and Final Remarks

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 2

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 2