8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material: General Zoology-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3.

gy-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material: General Zoology-IRROMERO

guanine of the purine group, and the

M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material cytosine and thymine of the pyrimidine
group.

The sequence of the nitrogenous bases on one

strand of a DNA molecule is matched in a
particular way with the sequence on the other
strand. This pairing is due to the different
chemical structures of the bases. The cytosine
and thymine which are the pyrimidines, have
one ring, and the adenine and guanine which are the purines, have two rings. The
pyrimidines are paired with the purines, so that cytosine is paired with guanine, and
adenine with thymine.

WHILE-TASK
Humans and almost all organisms are composed of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
which is a molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms, and thus considered
as the genetic material . . . So, What is DNA? . . . What is this Genetic Material? .
. . What does this Genetic Material made of? . . . Why is DNA called Genetic
Material?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological macromolecule with structural unit, the

nucleotide that is composed of sugar molecule, phosphate group, and nitrogenous
base.
The two strands of the double helix are antiparallel, which means that they run in
The DNA has two twisted strands, called double helix, and described like a twisted opposite direction, wherein the 5’ end of one strand matches with the 3’ end of the
ladder. The sides of the ladder is made up of alternating molecules of phosphate and other. This orientation of the DNA strands permits base pairing by providing
sugar (deoxyribose) in which covalent bonds join the sugar of one nucleotide to the complementarity between the two bases, which is important for DNA replication.
phosphate group of the next nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Whereas, the rungs are composed of the nitrogenous bases, the adenine and

https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l3-dna-the-genetic-material?module_item_id=2332788 1/5 https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l3-dna-the-genetic-material?module_item_id=2332788 2/5

8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material: General Zoology-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material: General Zoology-IRROMERO

Fork formation is the split of the two(2) strands of DNA, in which each of the single
strands becomes the template of the new strand of a complementary DNA. This is
the pairing of the bases in the template strand, the adenine paired with thymine,
and guanine with cytosine.
Primer Binding is the binding of primers to DNA template by complementary base
pairing to start the replication. A primer refers to the nucleotides of DNA, with 18 to
24 base pairs in length.
Elongation is the lengthening of the DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’
end of the newly synthesized strand. The DNA nucleotides added are specified by
the template strand, as to whether A, T, C, or G.
The Termination Phase is the end of DNA synthesis. This happens when the two
replication forks meet, DNA is unwound, and gaps are filled.
DNA is considered as the genetic material for it is important in the coding of protein
and genetic information guide for life and its processes. It stores, copies and
transmits genetic information for the development and reproduction of organisms.

The “Central Dogma” refers to the processes involved on how the genetic
information of the DNA is converted into gene products, RNAs and proteins. These
processes are:

2. Transcription, when DNA makes new RNA. In this process, DNA segment is
copied into RNA molecules, the messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA leaves the
nucleus and goes out to the cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis. This time, thymine is
replaced by uracil.

1. DNA Replication, by which DNA makes new DNA. This is a biological process in 3. Translation, in which proteins are made from RNA. This is a process when mRNA
which DNA makes a copy of itself. It has four(4) steps, these are fork formation, primer acts as a template in the synthesis of protein.
binding, elongation and termination.

https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l3-dna-the-genetic-material?module_item_id=2332788 3/5 https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l3-dna-the-genetic-material?module_item_id=2332788 4/5

8/26/23, 8:55 AM M2 - L3. DNA: The Genetic Material: General Zoology-IRROMERO

To be more familiar with the DNA as the Genetic Material, watch this VIDEOS:

"Evidence that DNA is Genetic Material 1 and

2" https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/chromosomal-
inheritance/v/evidence-that-dna-is-genetic-material-1
(https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/chromosomal-
inheritance/v/evidence-that-dna-is-genetic-material-1)
(https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/chromosomal-
inheritance/v/evidence-that-dna-is-genetic-material-1) "Central Dogma of Molecular
Biology" https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class-12-biology-
india/xc09ed98f7a9e671b:in-in-the-molecular-basis-of-
inheritance/xc09ed98f7a9e671b:in-in-transcription-and-rna-
processing/v/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology-2
(https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class-12-biology-
india/xc09ed98f7a9e671b:in-in-the-molecular-basis-of-
inheritance/xc09ed98f7a9e671b:in-in-transcription-and-rna-processing/v/central-
dogma-of-molecular-biology-2)
and browse this POWERPOINT provided, DNAGeneticMaterial.pdf
(https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/files/10345432?wrap=1)
(https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/files/10345432/download?download_frd=1)

ILazoR

https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l3-dna-the-genetic-material?module_item_id=2332788 5/5