Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Of the Past
KathrynHarper
Readand discoverall aboutwonders
o f t h e p ast,a l l a ro u n dth e w o rl d ...
. Whereis Chichenltza?
. What is the Taj Mahat?
Readanddiscovermoreaboutthe world!
Thisseriesof non-fiction readers provides
i n t e r e s ti nagn de d u ca ti o n co
a l n tent,with
activitiesand project work.
SeriesEditor:HazeIGeatches
lf Audio CD Packavailabte
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600 headwords
Level:
900 hc.rr,
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Of the Past
Kathryn
Harper
lntroduction
1 Stonehenge 4
2 Tutankhamun'sTreasures
6
3 TheGreatWattof China 8
4 TheColosseum 10
5 Petra t2
5 EasterlslandStatues L4
7 Chichen ltza 16
8 AngkorWat 18
9 TheAlhambra 20
10 TheTajMahaL 22
Activities 24
Projegts 44
PictureDictionary 46
AboutReadandDiscover 48
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A C K N O WL E D G E M E N TS
Illustrdtionsby:Kelly Kenn('dypp.5,9, 12, 15;DusanPavlic/
uN rvFlr{st1'Y I't\r:ss
Beehivelllustrationpp.24,26, 27, 2L,:t(t,:\3,it4, 40,46, 47; Alan
Great Clarcndon Street, Oxford ox2 6Dp Rowepp.28,30, 34.46, 47; Milrk Ruflle,Pp.9.
Oxford University Press is a department ofthe University me Publisherswould aisoiikc lo thdnk lhcJi,Ikwing,Jir thcir kind
ofOxford. It furthers the UniveNity's objective ofexcellenc! p(mi"ssionto rcllrotlut( llhol(ryntfhs dnLlother copjright materio/.
in research, scholarship, and education by publishing Alamy pp.8(Nngclestock.cour), 19(Tim B White/AngkorWat):
worldwide in BridgenrlD n rt Librilry pp.7 (Burton, Harry (18791940)/
Plivnte(i)llection / The StapletonCollection), 16 (KenW€lsh),
Oxford NewYork
Auckland Cape Tom Dar es Salilatrr Holtg Kong Kitrit( hi
2 I (IslanricSchool,(14th century) / Palaceofthe Alhambra.
Crilnada, Spain),22 (TajMahal, Agra, India i @TerenceNunn),
Whatis a wonder?.
lt's something amazing.
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mcxic() (lity Nirirol)i
NewDelhi Shanghai Tiripei lbronto
2ll (lndiau School/ Private Collection); DK Imagesp.10
(William Donahue O Dorling Kindersley):C€tty tmagespp.4
Whenwe seeit we ask,'Howis this possible?'
With offices in UasonHawkes),5 (PeterMacDiamid), 12-13(Ed Freeman/
Argentina Austria llrazil Chilc Cze<h R('PIl)lic lirncc
Stone),14 (RichThompson/ Workbook Stock), l7 Uam Media/
Lrtincontent Editorial), 20 (David C Tomlinson/ Photographer's
Naturemakesmanywonders.Peoplemake
Creece Guatemala HungilnT llnly .ltl)rn l\,hn(l l\)rl ilgitl
Singapore South Korea Switzcrhrr(l'l hirilitn(l litrl(cy
Ukraine Vietnam
Choice/Alhambra,Bethune Camichaeu Lonely Planet lmages/
tiles); Oxford University Presspp.3, 6, 18, 19 (monkey); wonders,too!
Photolibrary p.11 (Guido Alberto Rossiflips ltalia).
oxFoRD and oxFoRD EN(;l-tsrt rrc f(.gisl('l(al lrit(lc milrks
ofOxford Univcrsity Press in I hc I JK rn(l ilt .ertni n ol ltc,r Whatis a wonderof the past?lt's something
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Tutankhamun was a king in Egypt more
than 3 1300years ago.He died when he was
only l9 yearsold. \fhen he died, peopleput
a gold mask over his face.They put his body
in a coffin made of gold. Then they put the
coffin into two bigger coffins. They put all
three coffins in a tomb with food and many
treasures.The Egyptians thought that the
king needed these things after he died. Tutankhamun's tomb was in the Valley of
the I{ngs. No one discoveredit for a long,
long time. Then a British archaeologist
called Howard Carter discoveredit in 1922.
\Whenhe broke through the door, he was
amazed.Therewere gold statues,boats'
jewels,toys, masks,and even a gold bed!
There were about 31500treasures.For ten
years,Carter took the treasuresfrom the
tomb, and wrote about them.
!t' ,.''i
F-'t r
t rlit
' , lr"'
Prisoners,soldiers,and other people
:';rrt built the wall. They transportedthe stones
tr and bricks by hand.This work was hard
and dangerous.About three million people
About 2,400 yearsago,there were many died building the wall. Later, more than
small countries in China. There were often one million soldiersguardedthe wall, but
wars.Peopledidn't want enemiesin their it was hard to stop the enemies.Peoplealso
country, so they built big walls to keep them used the wall as a road. Today, tourists like
to walk along the wall.
_m
out. For more than 21000years,peoplebuilt
walls, destroyedwalls, and built new walls.
'.S/ Formanyyears,peopte
The Great\7all of China is really many walls.
thoughtthatyoucouldsee
Togetherthey are about 7,000 kilometers the GreatWal.tof Chinafrom
long. The walls are about 7 meters high. the moon,butthisis nottrue!
There are also many taller towers.
Goto pages28-29for activities.
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Goto pages32-33for activities. j( - i', 'l'"'.'
rw,ffiJwBlem@i
Easter Island is in the Pacific Ocean, far After a few hundred years)there were too
from anywhere.The island is famous for its many people for this small island.They cut
887 stone statues.They havebig headsand down many of the trees.This was bad for
little bodies. the ground, and bad for other plants and
Why are the sratueshere?There is a story animals,too. Soon there wasn't much food.
that 11700yearssgo, people were lost on People started to fight and they pushed over
the ocean.They arrived at this beautiful many of the statues.
island.There were lots of plants and Today, people come to seethe statuesand
animals, so they stayed. learn about EasterIsland.
These people made the big sraruesfor their
gods.They made the statueswith stone Thebiggeststatueis catled
from the middle of the island.Then, up to Paro.lt's nowon the ground.
250 people transportedthe statuesacrossthe It'sabout10 meters[ong.
island to the coast,where they stand today.
) Goto pages34-35 for activities.
The Mayan people liked many activities.
They played ball gamesin a courtyard that
is bigger than a soccerfield. The courtyard
has walls that are l2 meters high!
Sometimesthey played gamesfor many
days.They also loved art, music, and dance.
Today, people still like to watch Mayan
dancers,listen to Mayan music, and look
at Mayan art when they visit Chichen Itza.
iJ-.
When people built Angkor\Vat, they put
water around the buildings.This was to
protect themselvesfrom enemiesand wild
animals from the rainforest.Today, big trees
grow into some of the buildings and
monkeysrun around them.
About one million people lived in Angkor
Angkor\Watis a temple in the city of when it was an important city. Later,
Angkor. It's in the middle of the rainforest there were wars and other PeoPle
in Cambodia.About 800 yearsago,rhis came. Then Angkor wasn't so rich
beautiful stone ternplewas built for I(ng or important. People said that it
SuryavarmanII. About 50,000 people built disappeared,but that wasn't
the temple, and it took more than 37 years. true. Today, there are many
They built it to look like the mounrain visitors,and they think
where their gods lived.There are some
beautiful stone decorationson the walls.
Nh@mbw@ The Moorish people in Spain started to
build the Alhambra about 800 years ago.
It took a long time to build. Many different
kings from different places lived there, and
they built more buildings.They used the
Alhambra as a castle and a city. $fars and
an earthquake destroyedsome of the
Alhambra. The French Emperor' Napoleon,
tried to destroyit, but he couldn't. In 1828,
The Alhambra is in the mountains in Spanishpeople started to build the broken
the south of Spain.It's one of the most parts again.
beautiful buildings in the world. Alhambra Many people wrote stories and songsabout
means'red castle',but the Alhambra also the Alhambra. Todag it's the most popular
looks gray at night, and gold when it's place in Spain for tourists.
sunny.The Alhambra is beautiful inside
and outside. It has fantastic courtyards
with fountains and gardens.Like many
castles,it has towers and high
walls.There are also wonderful
tiles and decorations.
Therearesome
ii',
amazingtite patterns
at the Alhambra.
People
sti[[copythemtoday.
Goto pages40-4t for activities.
rd Maha|
The Taj Mahal is in India. It looks like a
palace,but it's a tomb. It,s one of the most
beautiful tombs in the world. There are
gardens and fountains around the building.
The tomb is made of 28 rypes of stone and
jewel from all over India and other counrries.
Most of the tomb is made of a beautiful
white sronecalled marble. About 20,000
people built the Thj Mahal, and it took
22 yearc.More than 1,000 elephantshelped
The Taj Mahal was built about 400 years
to move the stones for the building.
ago.The Emperor Shah Jahan built it for
i his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. She died when she
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had her 14ft baby. Shah Jahan was very sad,
. --c.
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frr- .t
wife. Later, Shah Jahan'sson wanted to
2 teltsus 'howheavy'
3 tettsus 'howmuchtime' Whatdo youthinkof Stonehenge?
Cotorthe
4 wherewe put peopteaftertheydie
starsandwrite.
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Answerthe questions.
1 WhowasTutankhamun?
oftheI . lt wasa verysadday.
-d@sr\
#'til,
q{t$.t!
W
ry Thsffi$^ffiat
Wallofchina Completethe sentences.
enemies years bricks sotdiers
* Readpages8-9.
hard stones countries
1 Findandwritethe words. 1 In AncientChinathereweremany
theydidn'twant
o@ttowererbockssprisoneronsotdierarwa,ehtoonon 2 Peoplebuittthe wa[[because
their in theircountry.
w br
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l{' .j.'
5
3 Formorethan2,000
4 Morethanonemiltion
5 Workingon the wa[[wasvery
, theybui[tthewa[[.
guardedthe wat[.
ffi ffi
madethewa[[with
6 People and
t
Circlethe correctwords.
ffi s 3 Peopte
the wa[[s,too.
destroyed
neverwars.
1 In AncientChinathere*.rstQften,,1/
/ never
2 Peoplebuittwatts,buttheysometimes
the wa[[.
,/ alwaysdiedbuitding
sometimes
4 long destroy Hr
5 live die
i$W-e'tT
1 Writethe numbers. 1'ooo'ooo
5oo'ooo
'., i' , i'r: ,,,. ..
50,000 80
Readpages10-11. 1 : people
whodiedin the Colosseum
2 : animals
thatdiedin the Cotosseum
Writethe words. crocodile e[ephant
gladiator [ion arch rhino 3 - bigarches in the Colosseum
4 : peoplein the Colosseum
Answerthe questions.
go the Colosseum?
1 WhydidtheAncientRomans
2 3
2 Whofoughtin the Colosseum?
3 Whywerethere80 bigarches?
6
someof the Colosseum?
4 Whatdestroyed
Complete
the sentences.
roof stadium animatscity Romansarches
5 Whydidpeoptetakethe stonesfromthe Colosseum?
1 The buittfantastic
buitdings.
2 TheCotosseum
wasa big " Whatdo youthinkof the Colosseum?
Color
3 Gtadiators
and foughtin the Colosseum. the starsandwrite.
4 People
wentintothe Colosseum
through JL JL JL
Beautifut>()^(
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5 TheCotosseum
hada ctoth
6 Romewasa veryimportant
IT
the puzzle.
2 Complete
3 Petra
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t2-t3.
1 Match.Thenwritesentences.
w
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Thecaravans stoppedat *:_ buittin the cliffs. tI
Petrabecause to transportpeople -*L_l_ *[-I-j I
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usedcamels . it hadwaterandplaces
Thecaravans
Peoptecarriedcloth to steep. ft,
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iii
andspices youcansti[tseesome
Earthquakes destroyed of it today.
a lot of Petra,but to se[[in differentplaces.
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4 andwrite.
Beautiful lmportant***)
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lO,l EasterlslandStatues
--
Answerthe questions.
lstand?
1 Whereis Easter
* Readpages14-15.
2 Whatis specialaboutEaster
lsland?
3 Completethe words.
3 Whendid peoplearrive?
$e
lslandwhentheyarrived?
4 Whatwason Easter
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4
f, ed 5 _r_u_d
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5 Whatdidthe peoptemake?
4 Drawandwriteaboutyourown statue.
Complete
the chart. lt hae
Thisis mvstatue.
people pushover p[ants fight
animals cut down transport trees
I Thingsthat we do:
I
I
l
I
5 Whatdo youthinkof the Easterlsland
I
I Colorthe starsandwrite.
statues?
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lmportant
J\- J\-
i ltnterestins
\'\'* i Beautifut "'##
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2 Complete
the sentences.
3 Whatis the mostfamouspyramid?
wetl pyramidsgod dance water games
ltzameans'themouthof the
1 Chichen '.
4 Whatdidtheydo in the courtyard?
2 lt wasverydry.Therewasverylittle --.
3 Forthe Mayanpeopte,
Kukutkan
wasan important
5 Whatdo youthinkof Chichenltza?Colorthe
4 TheMayanpeopte
buittfantastic starsand write.
_.
peopte
s rheMavan praved
batt ina finr*inn *=o*=o* *'FF Tr*"--;;%Jl
ls".u,irur
\ ^ ^ | I - j -:-'
courtyard.
6 TheMayanpeopte[ikedart,music,and
?
6 Angkorwat in order.
3 Numberthe sentences
richandpowerful.
Aboutonemittion
D l, became
f Readpages18-19. peoptelivedthere.
a newtemple.
l_! rhe kingwanted
I Writethe words.
[-l Peoptevisit it.
enemiesrainforestrain monkeys
| | Peoplebui[tthetemp[e.
rich mountain city trees
[__jtherewerewars.
1 a placewherelotsof peoplelive
lmagineyou are in AngkorWat. Write about
2 wheretherearelotsof trees
what you can see.
3 waterfromthe sky
buitdingsrainforestwater trees
4 peoplewhodon't[ikeyou
monkeysbeautifut decorations
5 ta[[plants
1 Youarein thetemplelooking
out.
6 animats
fromthe rainforest I e.a**sethevratsr
and
7 whenwe havelotsof money
in frontof AngkorWat.
2 Youarein the rainforest
8 a highplace
Answerthe questions.
1 Whereis theAlhambra?
2 Whatis theAlhambra?
1 2
in theAthambra?
4 Wherearethefountains
4 5
iBeautifut*##
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5 king prisoneremperor
6 buitd make story
'dryl"-
S,,,tth",S
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ffi rheraj
Mahat Answerthe questions.
1 WhowasShahJahan?
& Readpages22-23.
2 Howmanypeoptebuittthe TajMahat?
Completethe chart.
wife tomb ShahJahan son fountain
jewets emperor stones MumtazMahal 3 Whattypeof animalhelpedto buitdtheTajMahal?
garden father patace baby prison
Things
Whatcanyou do at the TajMahal?
Writey' or X.
1 Takephotos.iuli
2 Lookat the fountains ]
3 Watkaroundthe gardensi- J
4 Seethe monkeysin the rainforest.
t-
*-i:_____,.
, ShahJahanbuitttheTajMaha[.
A WondersQuiz frm
A lffmmmdmr'
I Dothe quiz.Circtethe correctanswers. My Cmwffltn"!t
Thisplacehasstonecircles. Manyof thesewere made 1 Thinkof a wonderof the pastin yourcountry.
St o n e h e n g e o f gotd.
T h eA t h a m b r a T h eAtham br a 2 Writenotesandcompletethe diagram.
Ch i c h e nl t z a T u tankhamun' Trseasur es
In this place,thereare S tonehenge
statueswith big heads. Thishasmanyjewelsin it.
Pe t r a T h eTajMahat
A n g k o rW a t T h eGr eatW attof China
E a s t elrs l a n d S tonehenge
Longcamelcaravans Thishasbeautifulcourtyards
stoppedat this place. and gardens.
Th eG r e a W
t a t to f ch i n a E asterlstand
Pe t r a T h eAlhambr a
An g k o rW a t S tonehenge
Peoplealsousedthis Thishastemplesfor a god.
placeas a road. T h eGr eatW attof China
Ch i c h e nl t z a T h eA[ham br a
Th eT a jM a h a l C h ichenltza
Th eG r e a W t a t to f C h i n a
10 It's in a rainforest.
Peoplewatchedfights here. A n gkorW at
St o n e h e n g e S tonehenge
Th eC o l o s s e u m T h eGr eatW al[of China
A n g k o rW a t
b ricks
archaeologist
# ryffi cemetery city cloth
tu
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stones tempte theater tiles
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SeriesEditor:HazelGeatches. CLILAdviser:
JohnClegg
OxfordReadand Discovergradedreaders areat four levels,from
3 to 6, suitable fromage8 andolder.Theycovermany
for students
topicswithinthreesubjectareas,andcansupportEngtish acrossthe
curricutum, or ContentandLanguage Integrated
Learning (CLIL).
Available for eachreader:
. A u d i oC DP a c k(b o o k& a u d i oC D )
. ActivityBook
Notes& CLILGuidance
ForTeacher's go to
www.oup.com/ elt/ teacher,/readandd
iscover
subiect
\ The Wortd of Science The Natural The Wortd of Arts :
\1rea & Technology World & SociaIStudies
Level \
HowWe Make Products AmazingMinibeasts FestivalsAround
@ SoundandMusic Anim alsin t h e A i r the Wortd
FreeTimeAround
600 SuperStructures Life in Rainforests
the Wortd
headwords YourFiveSenses WonderfuIWater