Solution Manual For Answering Questions With

Statistics Paperback by Robert F. Szafran

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Solution Manual For Answering Questions With Statistics Paperback by Robert F. Szafran

Chapter 8: Nominal and Ordinal Measures of Association

Practice Problem Answers

1. (answers will vary.)

a. a country’s economic standard of living and a country’s gender equality
b. whether a person is left or right handed and the number of siblings a person has
c. a student’s SAT score and a student’s ACT score
d. a country’s economic standard of living and a country’s infant mortality rate

2. lambda

3. gamma

4. lambda

5. Cramer’s V

6. gamma

7. very strong and negative

8. very strong

9. variables C and D

10. −0.75

11. Kendall’s tau-c = 1.25

12. likely to have a high value on E

13.
a. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .181; weak
b.
i. working full-time; working full-time
ii. (Answers will vary.) for keeping house: 7.6%; 15.4%
c. (Answers will vary.) Gender differences in primary work status were smaller among the
2010 GSS young adults than among the 1980 GSS young adults. There was a moderate
relationship between gender and primary work status for the 1980 GSS twentysomethings
(Cramer’s V = .386) but only a weak relationship for the 2010 GSS twentysomethings
(Cramer’s V = .181). For example, for the 1980 GSS young adults, 28.9% of the women
reported keeping house as a primary work activity but only 1.5% of the men – a
difference of 27.4 percentage points. For the 2010 GSS twentysomethings, the

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 corresponding percents were 7.6% and 15.4% -- a difference of just 7.8 percentage
points.

14.
a. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .262;
moderate
b.
i. working full-time; working full-time
ii. (Answers will vary.) for working full time: 57.0%; 55.3%
c. (Answers will vary.) The association between gender and primary work status was
weaker for the 2010 GSS baby boomers in their 50s than for the 1980 GSS baby boomers
in their 20s. While both associations can be described as moderate, the value of Cramer’s
V was larger for the 1980 GSS twentysomethings (Cramer’s V = .386) than for the 2010
GSS fiftysomethings (Cramer’s V = .262). For example, in the 1980 GSS 69.2% of the
males in their 20s were working full-time and 49.0% of the females in their 20s – a
difference of 20.2 percentage points. In the 2010 GSS, 57.0% of the men in their 50s and
55.3% of the women in their 50s were working full-time – a difference of just 1.7
percentage points.

15.
a. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for tau-b: .083; positive; weak
b.
i. yes
ii. no
iii. no
c. (Answers will vary.) The association between degree and happiness with life is positive
but weak for both the 1980 and 2010 GSS young adults. It is slightly weaker for the 2010
GSS twentysomethings (tau-b = .083) than for the 1980 GSS twentysomethings (tau-b =
.129). For the 1980 GSS twentysomethings, the percent saying they were very happy
increased with higher degrees and the percent saying they were not too happy generally
decreased with higher degrees. For the 2010 GSS twentysomethings, the percent saying
they are not too happy also generally decreased with higher degrees, but the percent
saying they are very happy did not change in a consistent way with higher degrees.

16. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .159; weak

17. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .166; weak

18. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .110; weak

19. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .294; moderate

20. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for tau-b: .292; moderate; positive

21. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for tau-b: (for males: .126; weak;
positive), (for females: .414; strong; positive)
Solution Manual For Answering Questions With Statistics Paperback by Robert F. Szafran

22. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .080; weak

23. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for tau-b: .048; weak; positive

24. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .139; weak

25. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: (for males: .242;
moderate), (for females: .106; weak)

26. (Answers will vary depending on measure of association.) for Cramer’s V: .134; weak

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