COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

STAGES OF INFECTION Antigen - foreign body

[IPACR] (Virus, Bacteria, Protozoa,
Parasite, Fungi)
1. Incubation Period - entry until 1st S/sx ( -s/sx )
Immunoglobulin / Antibodies
2. Prodromal Period - non specific s/sx (Ex. flu like
- destroy familiar antigen.
sx) Types of Ab
3. Acute Period - specific S/sx (Pathognomonic Sign) Ig- most abundant
(Ex. Dengue, tetanus, Covid) Gamma Globulin
4. Convalescence Period - s/sx start to disappear Convalescence stage
Transplacental : end of 2nd
5. Resolution - pt is Healthy again
Tri throughout 3rd tri
Ia-beast milk
IMMUNITY : Resistant ( Ab) Im- acute infxn
Ie- allergy
Natural - inherent in body ; species - specific Id
Acquired - exposed to envy
Active - Ab produce by ind. himself
Ako - long term
Stimulus (+) Ag
Natural - active recovery stage
Artificial - Vaccines
Live attenuated (weakened)
immuno compromised & pregnant
Inactivated (killed) [Ex. Sinovac]
Toxoid - modified toxines
Pregnant: TD [diptheria, toxoid]
Passive - ab prod given to individual
Pasa - Short term
Natural - transplacental : breastmilk
Artificial - post exposure (ex. Nakatapal
ng pako) : Ig/Gamma Globulin
 TETANUS (LOCKJAW)

CA: Clostridium Tetani - Anaerobic

- deep wound
- Toxigenic
A. Tetanolysin- lysis of the blood cells (weak)
B. Tetanospamin - Neurotoxin (brain) : Muscle Spasm :
Laryngospasm - airway > Tracheostomy
Cardiac Dysrrhythmias - ECG

S/sx:
Trismus - affectation of trigeminal nerve (CN5) = LOCKJAW
Opisthotonus - arching of back
Risus Sardonicus - sardonic smile / grin (dog smile)
- facial nerve

Mgt:
Antibiotic
Penicillin - old DOC
S/e: Pontentiate the toxin
Metrondazole (Flagyl) - No Potentiate toxine (no alcohol)
A/e: Disulferam like rxn (alcohol + Metronidazole)

Prev:
1. Avoidance of wound
2. T.t (Td)
3. First aid

Post exposure
T.T (art active) = TIG (art passive)

Post exposure
T.T (booster dose)
(=)hx of T.T vaccination
 RABIES (LYSSA)

CA: Rhabdovirus Mgt:

Virus while inside the body it is not Goal: prevent the vius from
contagious, not deadly, no s/sx reaching the brain.
1. First AID
Virus at the Brain - + s/sx
2. Tetanus Prophylaxis
+ contagious
3. Rabies imm:
+ Death
Active : 5 doses ;
inactivated virus
S/sx:
Verorab/Imurab
1. Invasive S. - fever, headache,
IM: Day 0,3, 7,14,28
photophobia, numbness
ID: lower cost
2. Excitements (acute)
Hydrophobia
Aerophobia Passive : ERIG (Equine
Maniacal Rabies Ig)
3. Paralytic S- generalized paralysis HRIG (Human Rabies Ig)
- Respiratory Paralysis 1/2 wound site
1/2 -IM
MOT: Based on wt
- Animal Bite
- Scratch (rare) Intervention:
- Tissue transplant (rare) 1.Strict Iso - ALL PPE
- Airborne - Droplet (rare) 2. Restraint
3. Avoid any sens of fluid
Dx: stimulation
1. Observe the dog 10-14 days 4. IVF
2. Brain Biopsy - Negri Bodies
3. Flourescent Rabies Ab Test -
CONFIRMATORY
 ✔ 🔘 ✔

DENGUE [H-Fever]

CA: Dengue Virus Warning Signs 3. Serological Test : antibodies

1, 2, 3, 4 Abdominal pain or tenderness Elisa / EIA - (+) Ab
>3x 24 hrs persistent vomiting 1. Acute Ds
Onyong - yong V
Clinical fluid accumulation 2. Convalescent
Chikingunya V
[Pleural Effusion] Compare 4x
Mucosal bleed. [espistaxis;
Mot: Mosquito Bite 4. Dengue Duo + Rapid
gum bleeding]
(Vector) Lethargy or restlessness agglutination Test -
Carrier: aedes Liver enlargement >2cm CONFIRMATORY TEST
Aegypti Lab finding of inc HCT 1.(+) Ab - IgM: Acute Ds
IP: 4-6 days concurrent with rapid in platelet IgB: Convalescent
count 2.(+) NS1 Ag
1.Dengue Fever
2. Dengue Fever + warning signs
(MILD) Mgt:
3. Severe Dengue
Pattern: Biphasis Supportive
Dengue
High fever 4.Hemorrhagic fever
Paracetamol
(Contionous) (2-4days) Aspririn (Antiplatelet)
@ 4th day normal - Dx: NSAID’s - can cause GI
platelets 1. Torniquet test / Rumpel lead Bleeding
test
> vascular resistance
Bradykinin Fluid Replacement (most
Bleeding ; DHN
impt)
Prostaglandin A. Check BP
Conscious: ORS ; Povati
Histamine B. Solve Mid S-D pressure
S+D. 120= 100
Sweat
2 80 Unconscious: IVF (LR, NSS)
Pain -
C. Inflate BP Caff until 100 B Effective - HCT
H/a, Retroorbital atleast 5mins - Plasma Expanded (Albumin
pain, Bone & joint + 20 - Positive Dextran Starch)
pain, muscle pain. - < 20 - Fresh Frozen plasma
Conjunctivitis - Platelet infusion
Epistaxis 2. CBC
HCT :
Gum Bleeding No dark colored foods/
Platelets:
Herman’s Sign drinks
(flushing of skin) Tawa-tawa - Platelets
Petechiae
 ✔
Filiriasis [Elephantiasis]
Malaria [Marsh Fever]
CA: Parasites
- Wuchereria
CA: Protozoal Parasites
- Bancrofti
Plasmodium
- Brugia Malayi
- Vivax
- Brugia Timori
- Ovale
Mot: same
- Malarial
Carrier: Aedes Poecillus
- Falcifarum

3 Stages :
Mot: Same with Dengue
1. asymptomatic - 8-16 mo
Carrier: Anopheles mosq
2. Acute Sx
S/sx: q 2 days/q 3days
Lymphadenitis
1. cold Stage : 10-15 mins, Chills; Clatter
Lymphagitis
teeth
Funiculitis - spermatic cord
2. Hot stafe : 4-6 hrs - High Fever
Orchiria
3. Diaphoresis Stage:
Epididymitis
3. Chronic Stage (10-15yrs’
Sporozoites (immature protozoa) > goes to
Hydrocle
liver
Elephantiasis
Merozoites - (mature protozoa) go and
Lymphedema
destroys the RBC

Dx:
ANEMIA :
1. NBE (Nucturnal Blood Exam) - 8pm
Severe Anemia [Malaria Cachexia]
2. ICT (Immuno Chromatographic Test)
- Daytime
Dx: Blood Smear / Malarial Smear
Best time tom collect : High Fever
Mgt:
Mgt:
DEC (Hetrazan)
Artemether Lumefrantine - 1st line
Quinine - 2nd line ; Severe Malaria
4S: PREVENTION [Dengue, Malaria,
Filariasis]
Search & Destroy (change water in
flower vase)
Self protection (off lotion, mosquito
net)
Seek early consultation
Say no to indiscriminate Fogging