PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2019-10-27

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Rationale Water Hyacinth is known for its fatal beauty. But having this beautiful appearance will not be an exception for it to be belong as a worst
invasive aquatic weed in the world because of its rapid growth that causes the destruction to local habitats. With high rates of regeneration it is
difficult to clear bodies of water infested with water hyacinth (Guna et. al, 2017). This weed has harmed not only the environment but also the
people living near the infested body of waters (Dagno et. al, 2007). The said weed affects fifty countries including Philippines destroying almost
twenty percent of the water surface of Laguna de Bay. It worsened the flood in Cotabato City caused by Typhoon Frank because it clogs the
waterways and irrigation systems (Jacinto & Lirio, ND). The Pasig River Ferry System halted its operations because of the overpopulation of water
hyacinth which can cause the ferry to be tangled with the propeller and cause damage (Malajito, 2017). The government found ways to utilize the
overpopulation of water hyacinth such as making it use as camouflaging fish traps, papers and other textiles (Ecoport, 2011; Pieterse, 1997).
Nonetheless, many studies have prove that water hyacinth leaves extract could be used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The highest
percentage of secondary metabolites in water hyacinth was shown to be found in its leaves when extracted wih methanol. The phenolic
compounds found in water hyacinth include flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, and glycosides (Shubashini et. al, 2012). This study
aims to utilize water hyacinth in more creative way; an invasive weed known to be a pest by many, and prove that water hyacinth contains phenolic
contents that can also be utilized as the focus of the study. Questions and Problems being Addressed Recently, there had been a vast outbreak of
dengue in the Philippines. According to the Department of Health (DOH), the country had 179,540 cases for the year 2018. But for the first half of
2019, Philippines already had 115,986 cases, including 491 deaths. Unexpectedly, dengue worsen despite the delay of rainy season. (WHO,
2019). Government plans to bring back Dengvaxia to lessen the victims of dengue but this vaccine caused trauma to a lot of Filipinos. The most
abundant vector of dengue is called yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) (Pettis,2017), it is also the vector of Zika virus and chikungunya. An
infected mosquito can transmit the virus in its entire life. It raises the health concern for everyone since dengue has no specific treatment as of
today. Prevention is the only thing that the nation can do. Plant extracts containing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and phenols has an
effect to the growth of Aedes aegypti (Wuillda, 2019) Also, saponins can also be used as a larvicide against the yellow fever mosquito (Chapagain,
2007). According to Santos, the larvae of the mosquito is also susceptible to terpenoids. With the guide of WHO protocol 2005, the researchers
aim to utilize water hyacinth stems to test its activity against Aedes aegypti. Research Questions/ Hypothesis/ Engineering Goals/ Expected
Outcomes C.1. Engineering Goals To produce an organic larvicide that has a comparable rate to commercially-available larvicide. To determine if
there is a significant difference between the crude extract of Water Hyacinth (Echhornia crassipes) leaves and commercially available larvicide
against Yellow Fever Mosquito. To utilize the rapid growth of Water Hyacinth as an organic larvicide. C.2. Expected Outcomes Crude extract of
Water Hyacinth will have significant effect against Yellow Fever Mosquito. C.3. Hypothesis (Cause and Effect) If the Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia
crasippes) crude extract is applied to the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) , then the survival/mortality rate of It will be affected. (Null) The
crude extract of Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crasippes) has no significant effect in the mortality rate of Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti)
(Alternative) The crude extract of Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crasippes) has significant effect in the mortality rate of Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes
aegypti) A. Process Flowchart

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