Relative Density Test of Soil

Objective
To determine min index density (unit weight) and max index density (unit weight)
of a cohesion less soil (sand)

Scope
The percent compaction and relative density are commonly used for evaluating the
state of compaction of a given soil mass. Relative density is defined as percentage
difference of max void ratio and given void ratio divided by difference of max and
min void ratio of soil.

Standards
Min.Index Density = ASTM D4254
Max.Index Density = ASTM D4253

Apparatus
Vibrating table, mould assembly, surcharge weight, dial gauage, scoop, straight
wedge, funnel, handle and base plate.

Procedure
The procedure for the test is as following: -
1. Fill mould with the soil
2. Trim off the excess of soil level with top by carefully trimming soil surface
with a straight edge.
3. Determine the mass of soil and mould and record the weight of an empty
mould (𝑀1 ).
4. Again the mould is filled with sand ensuring voids are removed.
5. Place surcharge and base plate on surface of sol and twist it several times
6. Measure mould on vibrating table and vibrate for 8 min.
7. Attach mould on vibrating table and vibrate for 8 min.
8. Take reading with vernier caliper to determine the decrease height of
mould.
9. Determine mass of mould and sample (𝑀2 ).
10. Determine thickness of surcharge base plate (𝑡𝑝 ).
11. Find the net decrease in vol of sand after vibration using the formula.
Formula (to determine relative density): ???????? (Write here formula)

Observation and Data Collection: