Mgt-317 Project Management

Course Instructor: Mr. Asif Raza

Civil Engineering Dept.
Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Tools and techniques are an essential part of

project management. Project management
tools and techniques are precisely what make
managing projects easier and more effective.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Gantt Chart:

A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed

as a production control tool in 1917 by Henry L.
Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist.
Frequently used in project management, a Gantt
chart provides a graphical illustration of a
schedule that helps to plan, coordinate, and track
specific tasks in a project.
 Project Management Tools and
Techniques

On a Gantt chart you can easily see:

 The start date of the project
 What the project tasks are
 Who is working on each task
 When tasks start and finish
 How long each task will take
 How tasks group together, overlap and link with each
other
 The finish date of the project.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Critical Path Method:

“The Critical Path Method is the sequence of

scheduled activities that determines the
duration of the project.”

*CPM is deterministic and activity oriented approach

Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Critical path schedules will...

 Help you identify the activities that must be completed on

time in order to complete the whole project on time.
 Show you which tasks can be delayed and for how long
without impacting the overall project schedule.
 Calculate the minimum amount of time it will take to
complete the project.
 Tell you the earliest and latest dates each activity can start
on in order to maintain the schedule.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Types of Critical Path Method:

1. Activity on Arrow Method (AOA)

2. Activity on Node Method (AON)
3. Precedence Diagramming (PDM)
4. PERT
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Activity on Arrow Method (AOA)

 Activities are represented by arrows.

 Dummy activities are used for logical completion of
network
 Not practices now a days
 There is only Finish to Start relationship between
activities.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Activity on Arrow Method (AOA)

Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Activity on Node Method (AON)

 Activities are represented by Nodes.

 Calculations are easy as compared to AOA.
 Arrows are used to show relationship between different
activities.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Activity on Node Method (AON)

Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Precedence Diagramming (PDM)

In precedence diagramming method four types of
activities relationships are used:
 Finish to Start
 Finish to Finish
 Start to Start
 Start to Finish
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Precedence Diagramming (PDM)

Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

 PERT is used when there is uncertainty in duration of

activities
 It is a probabilistic approach.
 It is event oriented approach
 It estimates the probabilities associated with any event
in the project.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Three type of durations for each activity are used

 Optimistic Time
 Most Likely Time
 Pessimistic Time
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Earned Value Analysis (EVA)

 It is a project monitoring and controlling technique

 Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is an industry standard
method of measuring a project's progress at any given
point in time.
 It helps in forecasting project time and cost
performance.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

“The WBS defines all the elements of the project in a hierarchical

framework”

 The WBS provides management with information appropriate to each level.

 The WBS also serves as a framework for tracking cost and work performance.
 As the WBS is developed, organizational units and individuals are assigned
responsibility for executing work.
 The WBS can also be used to define communication channels.
Project Management Tools and
Techniques