BIOLOGY

>the process of embryo's growth and development called germination.

>step of germination in order: a. imbibition
b. secretion hormone and enzyme
c. hydrolysis food reserve
d. transfor for food to growing point
e. assimilation
>if the cotyledons remain below the soil, it is called hypogeal germination.
>if the cotyledons emerge on the surface of the soil, is called epigeal
germination.
>if pre-stem that is located above the cotyledons, is called epicotyl.
>if pre-stem which is located under the cotyledons, is called hypocotyl.
>factor-factor who influence the growht and development for plant
`factor external
a. ph (acid, netral, base) influence the root for absorb.
b. water/mineral, important for photosyntesis and germination.
c. temperature (minimum <22°c, optimum 22°c-37°c, maksimum >37°c)
d. humidity,
e. sun light
f. air, O2(respiration) and CO2(photosyntesis).
g. nutrition, unsur mikro(Fe, Mn), unsur makro(C, H, O, N, Mg)
h. wind,directly proportional to the rate of transpiration.
`factor internal
a. gen
b. hormone
>absisat acid is a hormone who influence the fall leaf.
>etiolation is a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence
of light.
>it is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes;
and a pale yellow color (chlorosis).
>coleoptile is a sheath that protects the stem or stem tip.
>koleoriza is a sheath that protects the root or root tip.

~auxanometer is for measuring the rate of growth in plant.~

`anabolism is the process where the simple compound to complex compound.

`catabolism is the process where the complex compound to simple compound.
`apoenzyme is eznyme who the component is just protein.
`haloenzyme is enzyme who the component composed of protein and non-protein
(cofactor), there is prostetik (tighly bound to protein) and
kaoenzyme (not really tighly bound to protein).
`chloroplast is a place for photosynthesis.
`cytoplasm is a complex part of plant cell (cytosol).
`nucleus is main cell.
`mitochondria is a place for aerobic repiration.
`glicolysis is a process in cytoplasm.
`Endoderm merupakan lapisan embrional yang ada di bagian dalam. Sel-sel di lapisan
endoderm bakal berkembang menjadi sel-sel yang menyusun organ-organ
di sistem pencernaan dan pernapasan.
`Mesoderm berada di bagian tengah-tengah dan bisa berkembang jadi jaringan otot dan
darah.
`Ectoderm merupakan lapisan yang berada di luar. Ectoderm bakal berkembang menjadi
sistem saraf dan epidermis kulit.