ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY 1
Aims to improve students language proficiency by engaging then in
listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing and grammar learning
activities that are functional, communicative and relevant in their real-word
encounters at home, in school, in the community and in their future
professional workplace locally and globally.
LANGUAGAE PROFICIENCY
Ability of an individual to use language with a level of accuracy.
COURSE CONTENT
Correct usage and correcting sentence errors
Listening and viewing skills
Reading skills
Speaking skills
Writing skills
GRADING SYSTEM
Submission of assigned activities 20%
Students engagement in forum and discussion 30%
Quizzes and unit examination 30%
Major examination 20%
100%
CORRECT USAGE OF DO, DOES, DID, HAS, HAVE AND HAD
OBJECTIVES:
Tell when to use do, does, did, has, have and had.
Write correct sentences using the words indicated.
Perform a comm
unicative task applying the correct use of those verbs.
CORRECT USE OF DO, DOES AND DID
USING HAS, HAVE AND HAD
CORRECT USAGE (PRONOUNS AND IT’S ANTECEDENT)
OBJECTIVES:
1. Use the pronoun that agrees with it’s antecedent.
2. Edit errors in sentences applying the rules in pronoun-antecedent
agreement.
3. Write correct sentences applying the rules in pronoun-antecedent
agreement.
PRONOUN
Is a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun
or another pronoun. The word or group of words that a pronoun refers to is
called its antecedent.
EXAMPLE:
Rainer finished his requirement on time.
RULE 1: A pronoun and it’s antecedent must agree in number and gender.
Amiel Matheus passed his examination with flying colors.
Andrea Nicole passed too her examination.
The students failed to submit their requirements.
A student failed to submit his/her requirement.
Pronoun-antecedent agreement becomes complicated when you are dealing with
compound antecedents, indefinite pronouns and collective nouns.
RULE 2: Compound Antecedents joined with “ and” should be treated as
plural.
Rainer and Raiver teamed up to take revenge on their foes.
Marie and Theresa glammed beautifully during their graduation.
Pronoun-antecedent agreement becomes complicated when you are dealing with
compound antecedents, indefinite pronouns and collective nouns.
RULES 3: Compound Antecedents joined with “or/nor” should be treated as
singular.
Either Rainer or Raiver will represent his class for the incoming activity.
Neither Marie nor Theresa could have succeeded her plan.
Pronoun-antecedent agreement becomes complicated when you are dealing with
compound antecedents, indefinite pronouns, and collective nouns.
RULE 4: If the two nouns joined by “or/nor” are different in number, the pronoun
should agree with the antecedent closest to it.
Either the group leaders or the class representative presents his/her
proposal.
Either the class representative or the group of leaders present their
proposal.
Pronoun-antecedent agreement becomes complicated when you are dealing with
compound antecedents, indefinite pronouns, and collective nouns.
RULE 5: Indefinite Pronouns like “everywhere”, “anything”, “anybody”, or
“somebody” do not refer to any specific person or thing, so writers treat them as
singular.
Everyone in my English class does his/her homework.
Somebody has to show his/her concern.
RULE 6: Collective nouns like “committee”, “senate”, or “audience” refer to a
group that might act as a single unit. When such a group is acting as a single unit
it is referred to in the singular. But if it refers to the individuals in the group,
should take plural.
The audience screamed in union as it saw the zombie hordes
approaching.
The audience clapped their hands when Bruce Willis shot the zombies to
pieces.
FRAGMENTS
AVOIDING SENTENCE ERRORS
1. FRAGMENTS
A fragment is a group of words masquerading a sentence.
Beacause it does not express a complete thought
Most fragments in writing are PHRASES, SUBORDINATE CLAUSES,
WORDS IN SERIES.
PHRASE FRAGMENTS
1. NOUN PHRASE
Can be corrected by linking them up to words that come before or
after them.
A hawk perched in the treetop.
We saw a hawk perched in the treetop.
The crowded school bus.
The crowded school bus stopped.
The bird singing in the mango tree.
The bird is singing in the mango tree.
2. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
Can be corrected by linking them up to words that come before or
after them.
Out of the woods.
I saw a deer run out of the woods.
In the morning.
Amiel wakes up early in the morning.
Inside the classroom.
The students stayed inside the classroom.
3. VERB PHRASE
Can be corrected by adding a subject.
Has almost finished the race.
Maria has almost finished the race.
Have a great responsibility.
Parents have a great responsibility.
4. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
Can be corrected by adding a subject.
Thrown too hard.
Thrown too hard, the ball sailed over the fence.
Waving his hand.
Waving his hand, the boy uttered goodbye.
5. GERUND PHRASE
Use the gerund phrase as subject, direct object, predicate
nominative, appositive.
Preparing the sauce.
Preparing the sauce will be our first task.
Running for president.
Running for president is his dream.
His dream, running for president, is a serious ambition.
6. INFINITIVE PHRASE
Use infinitive phrase as subject, direct object, predicate nominative,
appositive.
To address the problem.
The boss is ready to address the problem.
To lead a group.
To lead a group is a tedious task.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.
Subordinate clauses cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Either connect them to nearby independent clauses or add the sentence
missing part.
1. ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE
That I have never heard before.
She recited a quotation that I have never heard before.
Who leaved next door.
The woman who leaves next door is my favorite aunt.
2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
When I starred at the desolate island.
When I starred at the desolate island, I felt lonely.
After having my first breakup.
After having my first breakup, I become stronger and wiser.
3. NOUN CLAUSE
Who disobeyed the law.
Tell me who disobeyed the law.
Why she opted to leave.
Why she opted to leave is still a big question.
WORDS IN SERIES/SERIES FRAGMENT
Always check to see that the series has both a subject and a verb.
EXAMPLES:
A starfish, measuring ten centimeters in diameter, a barnacle
firmly attached to the piling of the rotting pier, and an empty
conch shell lying in the sand.
A starfish, measuring ten centimeters in diameter, a barnacle
firmly attached to the piling of the rotting pier, and an empty
conch shell lying in the sand fascinated us.
