Department of Education

Understanding
Society, Culture and
Politics
Forms and Functions of State and
Non-State Institutions
Second Quarter - Week 1

Filipina L. Malapad
Writer
Marvin M. Lunar
Val idator
Marlyn B. Latina Edizer C. Laqueo
David T. Libao Mariel Eugene L. Luna
Qual ity Assuranc e
Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City
Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa Ci ty
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
 This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you to
explain the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. analyze aspects of social organization and institutions

2. identify one’s role in social groups and institutions

Directions: Group the state and non- state institutions. Write the institutions/
structures under the following categories:

FAMILY DYNASTY ALLIANCE BANDS

TRIBES CHIEFDOMS STATES MARRIAGE
KINSHIP BANKS CORPORATIONS MONEY TRANSFERS
PAWNSHOPS COOPERATIVES TRADE UNIONS SARI-SARI STORES

Socio- Political Economic

Cultural

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Directions: Picture Analysis
These are the different institutions in the Philippines. Write and share your ideas on
the following images.

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/images/uploads/15Senate -GSIS.jpg

1. _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

https://media.philstar.com/images/the -philippine -star/business/business-

main/20150112/BSP-Bangko-Sentral-ng-Pilipinas.jpg

2. _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/spotph/images/articles/2016/ncca-gallery1.jpg

3. _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

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https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-3d2afff72e69da7daee281e0600069b1

4. _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Institutions

Since “no man is an island”, as we say, every individual needs an individual to serve
and satisfy their needs everyday. The same with the societies need to form not just social
institutions, but all the institutions to serve their basic needs. Starting from the man needs
his purpose, the need to satisfy himself physiologically and socially, he needs family, because
he nee ds love and belongingness. Creating interactions and similar relationships, creates the
need to produce and distribute, now we have economic institutions. The need to maintain
order and security amongst institutions means the need to have the government. A nd to
support and manage some functions and needs of the society, we created the non -state
institutions.
The family, even it is the basic institution, may vary on some societies. The family
structure may vary depending on the number of marriage partners allowed in a particular
culture. Again belief systems and traditions are factors affecting such family structure. Also,
the way marriage partners were selected, kinship patterns, residential patterns and patterns
of authority may vary.
On the other hand, educational system is needed as the first institution in socializing
the new members of the society and the children. The function of the educational system is
to prepare the members of the society in the most consequential life in the society. That is
why, the need to prepare them to obtain life skills to be able to survive is a necessity. Essential
groups, not just a family but mass media, and contacts to other social institutions are some
sources of socialization.
Religion is also an essential instituti on in the society. The belief in supernatural being
may guide, inspire and serve the purpose of people. Churches, denominations, sects and
cults are some forms and structures found in the society.
The political institutions however, maintains peace and or der in the society. It seems
created to manage and administer much of the public goods and services. In addition, another
function of a political institution in a society is to regulate state and non -state institutions.
Several aspects are considered in creating norms, laws, applying sanctions, settling disputes
and maintaining good international relations among counties are very important to maintain
peace and order.
The last but not the least is the economic institutions. Since man is also an economic
being, the need to survive everyday pushes him to create economic institutions, and
supported by non- state institutions as well. At first, the exchange of goods and services were
the main function of this institution, but as the institution grows, there evolve other functions

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such as the distribution of goods and services, production, financial management and
functions, and consumer’s protection.
As I have said, the family, as the main social institution, may vary on some
societies. The family structure may vary depending on the number of marriage partners
allowed in a particular culture. Belief systems and traditions are factors affecting such family
structure as to marriage partners were selected, kinship patterns, residential patterns and
patterns of authority. To understand it better, here is for you to analyze:

FAMILY STRUCTURE

FAMILY A primary group and basic institution in a society

DESCENT Origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality.

DESCENT
KINSHIP
Web of social relationships

MARRIAGE An essential element of the family, a cultural mechanism to

ensure continuity.
IM PORTANT:
Family Code of the Philippines – took effect on August 3, 1988 which defines marriage
a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman, entered into in
accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
Family code includes two aspects of marriage: as a status and as a contract which
applies to a man and a woman only.
Civil Code (1949) – prescribed the behavior of every married life and family relations, but
found out incompatible to our culture.

DESCRIPTION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY ACCORDING TO:

FORMS OF SELECTION RESIDENCE AUTHORITY DESCENT STRUCTURE
MARRIAGE OF
MARRIAGE
PATTERNS
MONOGAMY ENDOGAMY PATRILOCAL PATRIARCHAL- PATRILINEAL NUCLEAR-
-one spouse -marriage -Married authority is Affiliates a composed of
at a time within a clan couple living vested in the person with a father,
or ethnic with or near eldest male in group of mother and a
group the parents of the family, relatives child or
the bride’s usually the through his or children
groom father. her father.
POLYGAMY EXOGAMY MATRILOCAL MATRIARCHAL MATRILINEAL- EXTENDED-
-plural -marriage -married - authority is Affiliates a composed of
marriage outside a couple live vested in the person with a two or more
clan or ethnic with or near mother or in group of nuclear
group the parents of mother’s kin relatives family.
the bride through his or
her mother.
BILOCAL- BILATERAL ----
gives the Affiliates a
couple a person with a
choice of group of
staying with relatives
either the through either
groom’s his or her
parents or parents

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 the bride’s
parents

NEOLOCAL-
permits the
newly
married
couple to
reside
indepen-
dently
AVUNCULOC
AL- married
couple reside
reside with or
near the
maternal
uncle of the
groom. This
type is very
rare in the
society.

FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY

1. Performs economic functions- provides the family its basic needs including
educational, recreational, religious and political functions.
2. Mechanism for social control- it pressures members to act what is desirable
behavior
3. Gives its members a status- a person is born with a name and a lineage.
4. Regulates sexual behavior- within a marriage bond, sex expression is socially
sanctioned in some culture but some societies allow premarital relations
5. Unit for reproduction- the family is the basic institution for reproduction beca use
its bond is for continuity, as a primary group they are bonded by love and
affection
6. Function as a biological maintenance- family play the provider of the basic needs,
protector of the helpless, and guardian of the children or minors
7. The chief agency of socialization- family teaches the children its culture and
indoctrinate beliefs for the children to acquire life skills. Ways of living and values
is patterned through example.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
POLITICAL DYNASTIES- families whose
members are involved in politics, and been
part of the government for several years.
POLITICAL ALLIANCE- political coalition,
usually an agreement for cooperation
between different political parties
POLITICAL STRUCTURES
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS- government
and political institutions
BANDS- nomadic, small group that is
connected by family ties and is politically
independent
TRIBES- characterize by some large group
shifting subsistence pattern from
horticulture and pastoralism to agriculture

CHIEFDOMS- have a permanent and full

time leader with full authority to make
major decisions in a society

STATE- large scale intensive agriculture,

more centralized, authoritarian (at first
kingdoms) with grown population of more
than 10,000. Ruling eli te, craftsmen,

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 traders, bureaucrats and farmers are
usually the classes of people.

THE DIFFERENC E BETWEEN POWER AND AUTHORITY

POWER is the ability to AUTHORITY - is the power

control the behavior of other
people.
-it can be seen as evil or
unjust.
-it is also the ability of a
person to influence another
person or group to perform
an act.
to give orders, if legitimate,
make decisions, and enforce
obedience and conformity.
- might be a person or
organization having control in
a particular, typically political
or administrative,
organization or sphere.

When we talk about power and authority, the next question might be, Is it legitimate?
Legitimacy is one requirement to practice power and authority.

WHAT IS LEGITIMACY?
- to obey the rules or conformity to the law.
- legitimacy may mean validity or it can be defended with logic or justification
- In political science, legitimacy is the right and acceptance of a power and an aut hority,
from an administration. While authority denotes a specific position in an established
government, the term legitimacy denotes a system of government and the government
denotes "sphere of influence".

TYPES OF LEGITIM ACY

TRADITIONAL- fused with tradition and customs
RATIONAL- LEGAL- power is in accordance of the law or existing charter or rules
CHARISM ATIC- power is based on prestige, fame, and trust of the masses or group of people .

ECONOM IC INSTITUTIONS
As I have said, economic institutions we re established for the following basic functions, such
as the distribution of goods and services, production, financial management and functions,
and consumer’s protection. Economic institutions could be government owned (state
institutions) or private owned (non-state institutions).

FORM S OF ECONOM IC INSTITUTIONS EXAM PLES

BANKS Metrobank, Banco De Oro, EastWest

PAWNSHOPS Tambunting, Cebuana Lhuiller, Aguirre
COOPERATIVE Farmers Cooperative, MNHS MP Coop.
CORPORATIONS San Miguel Corp.,NAPOCOR,
FINANCIAL MARKETS Mutual Lending Association
TRANSFERS Palawan

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 Directions: Now that you have learned about structural characteristics of a family as
a social organization, describe your family according to the following categories by filling up
the table.

Forms of Selection of Based on Based on Based on Descent

M arriage M arriage internal Residence Authority Ancestry
Pattern organization
or
membership

Directions: In bullet form, cite functions of the following state and non-state
organizations.
FAMILY ECONOMIC POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS INSTITUTIONS

Directions: Differentiate:

A. Power-
B. Authority-
C. Types of Legitimacy
TRADITIONAL CHARISMATIC RATIONAL- LEGAL
LEGITIMACY LEGITIMACY LEGITIMACY

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 Directions: Answer the following questions and follow the format to gain scores on
State and Non- State Bingo. There are 20 items inside the boxes with corresponding points
each. Form a diagonal, horizontal or vertical lines to gain just 15 points. But if you can
answer all the items you will gain 30 points. That is blocked BINGO...
STATE AND NON- STATE BINGO
B I N G O
1 refers to the 2 origin or 3 cultural 4 permits a man 5 first or one
web of social background of a mechanism that to take only one reason to marry a
relationship person in terms ensures spouse person
of family or continuity
nationality 3 POINTS
2 POINT 1 POINT 3 POINTS 5 POINTS
6 composed of 7 prescribed our 8 New Family 9 affiliates a 10 father’s
two or more behavior on code speaks two person with a prolonged
nuclear families marriage and aspects: as group of relatives absence gives the
family a contract and as related through mother a position
2 POINTS a__________ either his or her in the family,
5 POINTS 1 POINT parents-4POINTS though father
also share
decisions-
2 POINTS
11 it gives its 12 these are 13 Article ____ 14 also referred
members a families that are section____, the to as political
status and an involved in state shall coalition, an
agency in politics guarantee equal agreement for
socializing a access to cooperation
child– 5 POINTS 2 POINTS opportunities for between different
1 POINT FREE public service… 2 political parties.
POINTS 3 POINTS
15 defined as the 16 usually very 17 political
system of norms, small, oftentimes systems with
values and roles nomadic group large scale
responsible for FREE and is connected FREE intensive
maintaining 1 POINT by family ties and 4 POINT agriculture,
social order in is politically centralized,
the society independent authoritarian
2 POINTS 5 POINTS 3 POINTS
18 exchange of 19 it provides the 20 21 members were 22 consists of
goods and distribution of establishments affiliated because workers and
services through goods and that are not of their shares of union leaders,
a market services to the owned and stocks united to protect
4 POINTS members of the controlled by the and promote their
society government 1 POINT common
4 POINTS 2 POINTS interests- 3
POINTS

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 10
10. https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-3d2afff72e69da7daee281e0600069b1
gallery1.jpg
9. https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/spotph/images/articles/2016/ncca-
main/20150112/BSP-Bangko-Sentral-ng-Pilipinas.jpg
8. https://media.philstar.com/images/the -philippine -star/business/business-
7. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/images/uploads/15Senate -GSIS.jpg
6. Antonio P. Contreras et al, pp 15-30, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
5. Anthropology definition (Retrieved from Oxford Dictionary
4. Picture Retrieved from www.shutterstock.com/search/social+distancing
Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2009
Lazo, Ricardo, 2009. Introduction to Political Science 3.
2. Valenzuela E., Understanding Basic Concepts in Political Science
1. Balena, E., et al Undertanding Culture, Society and Politics
References
Assessment: Wha t I have learned
1kinship
2descent Family-regulates sexual behavior Socio-cultural- family, kinship,
3marriage 16 bands a nd unit for reproduction, biological
4monogamy 17 states tribes, bands, marriage
ma i ntenance, socialization agent,
5 love 18 market transactions gi ves s tatus, mechanism for s ocial
6 extended family Poliitical- dynasty, chiefdoms,
control , performs economic function
7 Civil Code 1949 alliance, states
8 status 19 economic institution
9 bilateral descent 20 non-state inst. Economic Inst.- provi des the supply,
10 matricentric 21 corporations di s tributes goods a nd s ervices Economic- pawnshops, banks,
11 family 22 trade unions cooperatives, corporations,
12 political dynasties Pol i tical Inst.- maintains social order,
trade unions, money transfers,
13 II. 26 ma kes l aws, execute the laws,
14 political alliance
sari- sari stores
i nternational relations
15 political institutions
ANSWER KEY