RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
JOSEPHINE C. ABRAZALDO
Air enters the lungs first passes by the roof of superior region of the
nasal cavity. Located in the roof of the nose is a highly specialized
epithelium , NO GOBLET CELLS OR MOTILE CILIA

detection and transmission of odors

3 cell types:
1. supportive
2. basal
3. olfactory

Olfactory cells end at the surface of the olfactory epithelium as small round
structures called OLFACTORY BULBS
LARYNX
• Passage for air between
pharynx and trachea
• Organ of sound
production
• Acts as a valve that
closes during swallowing
to prevent food from
entering the lower
respiratory tract
• Wall contains skeletal
muscles and hyaline and
elastic cartilage (cricoid)
–complete circular ring &
thyroid (adam’s apple) &
ligaments
• Pseudostratified
columnar epith
diFiore`s Atlas of Histology
BRONCHIOLES FXN: Conduct air; impt in
bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
•
• Contain club (Clara) cells
or exocrine bronchiolar
cells - dome-shaped,
columnar, nonciliated cells

– secrete surfactant lipoproteins

and mucin in the fluid layer on
the epithelial surface
Alveoli: major sites of gas exchange
Alveolar cells : type I pneumocytes
cover 95% of the internal surface of
each alveolus, they are thin and
squamous ideal for gas exchange

Great alveolar cells : Type II

pneumocyte
Less prevalent, large, cuboidal
with apical microvilli
it decrease surface tension of
alveoli prevent alveoli from
collapsing

Alveolar macrophage: Dust cells

Mononuclear phagocytes, involve

Alveolar wall in immunity. Collect inhaled
particles from the environment
and facilitate phagocytosis