Mosbys Essentials for Nursing

Assistants 5th Edition Sorrentino Test

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Chapter 7: Body Structure and Function
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The basic unit of body structure is the

a. Cell
b. Nucleus
c. Organ
d. System
ANS: A REF: p. 70

2. Which part of the cell directs the cell’s activities?

a. Cell membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Protoplasm
d. Nucleus
ANS: D REF: p. 70

3. Where is the nucleus located?

a. Outside the cell
b. In the center of the cell
c. Inside the genes
d. Inside the chromosomes
ANS: B REF: p. 70

4. How many chromosomes are in each cell?

a. 15
b. 23
c. 46
d. 92
ANS: C REF: p. 71

5. The process of cell division is called

a. Protoplasm
b. Chromosomes
c. Nucleosis
d. Mitosis
ANS: D REF: p. 71

6. Groups of cells with similar functions combine to form

a. Tissues
b. Organs
c. Chromosomes
d. Genes
ANS: A REF: p. 71
 7. Which allows the body to move by stretching and contracting?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
ANS: C REF: p. 71

8. Groups of tissues with the same function form

a. Systems
b. Organs
c. Mitosis
d. Chromosomes
ANS: B REF: p. 71

9. Systems are
a. Groups of organs that work together to perform special functions
b. Tissues that cover internal and external body surfaces
c. Tissues that receive and carry impulses to the brain and body parts
d. Connective tissue that anchors, connects, and supports the body
ANS: A REF: p. 71

10. Which is the outer layer of the skin?

a. Dermis
b. Epidermis
c. Epithelium
d. Nerves
ANS: B REF: p. 72

11. What gives skin its color?

a. Genes
b. Chromosomes
c. Pigment
d. Epidermis
ANS: C REF: p. 72

12. Where are blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands, and hair roots found?
a. The dermis
b. The epidermis
c. The integument
d. The epithelium
ANS: A REF: p. 72

13. Which help the body regulate temperature?

a. Muscles
b. Hair and nails
c. The sweat glands
 d. The oil glands
ANS: C REF: p. 72

14. Which is not a function of the skin?

a. It allows bacteria and other substances to enter the body.
b. It prevents excess amounts of water from leaving the body.
c. It protects organs from injury.
d. It helps regulate body temperature.
ANS: A REF: p. 72

15. The musculoskeletal system does the following except

a. Provides the framework for the body
b. Allows the body to move
c. Protects the body
d. Helps regulate body temperature
ANS: D REF: p. 72

16. Which bones bear the body’s weight?

a. Long bones
b. Short bones
c. Flat bones
d. Irregular bones
ANS: A REF: p. 72

17. Blood cells are formed in the

a. Cartilage
b. Tendons
c. Bone marrow
d. Periosteum
ANS: C REF: p. 72

18. The point at which two or more bones meet is

a. A joint
b. Cartilage
c. A muscle
d. A tendon
ANS: A REF: p. 73

19. Bones are held together at a joint by

a. Cartilage
b. Tendons
c. Ligaments
d. Periosteum
ANS: C REF: p. 73

20. The hips and shoulders are

 a. Ball-and-socket joints
b. Hinge joints
c. Pivot joints
d. Ligament joints
ANS: A REF: p. 73

21. Which are voluntary muscles?

a. Stomach muscles
b. Arm and leg muscles
c. Heart muscle
d. Intestinal muscles
ANS: B REF: p. 74

22. Muscles are connected to bones by

a. Ligaments
b. Cartilage
c. Tendons
d. Joints
ANS: C REF: p. 74

23. The connective tissue at the end of long bones is

a. Ligament
b. Cartilage
c. Tendon
d. Joint
ANS: B REF: p. 73

24. This is the largest part of the brain. It is the center of thought and intelligence.
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Midbrain
d. Brainstem
ANS: A REF: p. 76

25. Which part of the brain regulates and coordinates body movements?
a. The cerebral cortex
b. The cerebrum
c. The cerebellum
d. The brainstem
ANS: C REF: p. 76

26. The brainstem contains the following structures except

a. The midbrain
b. The pons
c. The medulla
d. The cerebral cortex
 ANS: D REF: p. 76

27. Swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are controlled by the

a. Midbrain
b. Pons
c. Medulla
d. Cerebral cortex
ANS: C REF: p. 76

28. Pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain are contained in the
a. Brainstem
b. Pons
c. Spinal cord
d. Meninges
ANS: C REF: p. 75

29. The cerebrospinal fluid

a. Protects the brain and spinal cord
b. Conducts messages to and from the brain
c. Controls thought and intelligence
d. Controls movement and balance
ANS: A REF: p. 76

30. The peripheral nervous system consists of

a. The spinal cord
b. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
c. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
d. The right and left hemispheres
ANS: B REF: p. 76

31. The sympathetic nervous system

a. Sends messages to and from the brain
b. Controls thought and intelligence
c. Speeds up body functions
d. Slows down body functions
ANS: C REF: p. 76

32. The white of the eye is the

a. Sclera
b. Pupil
c. Cornea
d. Iris
ANS: A REF: p. 77

33. The opening in the middle of the iris is the

a. Sclera
b. Pupil
 c. Cornea
d. Iris
ANS: B REF: p. 77

34. Nerve fibers of the optic nerve are found in the

a. Sclera
b. Cornea
c. Iris
d. Retina
ANS: D REF: p. 77

35. Light enters the eye through the

a. Sclera
b. Cornea
c. Iris
d. Retina
ANS: B REF: p. 77

36. The ear functions in hearing and

a. Balance
b. Touch
c. Hammering
d. Sensation
ANS: A REF: p. 77

37. The waxy substance secreted by glands in the auditory canal is called
a. Malleus
b. Cerumen
c. Incus
d. Cochlea
ANS: B REF: p. 77

38. The tympanic membrane also is called the

a. Eardrum
b. Hammer
c. Anvil
d. Stirrup
ANS: A REF: p. 77

39. The circulatory system does the following except

a. Carries food and oxygen to the cells
b. Removes waste products from the cells
c. Produces cells that defend the body from microbes that cause disease
d. Brings oxygen into the body
ANS: D REF: p. 78
40. The part of the blood that is mostly water is
a. Red blood cells
b. White blood cells
c. Hemoglobin
d. Plasma
ANS: D REF: p. 78

41. This substance gives red blood cells their color.

a. Oxygen
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Hemoglobin
d. Plasma
ANS: C REF: p. 78

42. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are formed by
a. The heart
b. The bone marrow
c. The valves
d. Hemoglobin
ANS: B REF: p. 72

43. White blood cells

a. Are needed for clotting
b. Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. Protect the body against infection
d. Produce heat
ANS: C REF: p. 78

44. Which is the muscular part of the heart?

a. The pericardium
b. The myocardium
c. The endocardium
d. The ventricles
ANS: B REF: p. 78

45. Which heart chamber receives blood from body tissues?

a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
ANS: A REF: p. 78

46. Which heart chamber pumps blood to all parts of the body?
a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
 ANS: D REF: p. 78

47. Which is the working phase of the heart?

a. Bicuspid valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Systole
d. Diastole
ANS: C REF: p. 78

48. Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

a. Arteries
b. Capillaries
c. Veins
d. Venules
ANS: A REF: p. 79

49. Which is the largest artery?

a. Aorta
b. Carotid artery
c. Radial artery
d. Brachial artery
ANS: A REF: p. 79

50. Which vessels return blood to the heart?

a. Arteries
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
ANS: B REF: p. 79

51. Which carries blood from the legs and trunk to the heart?
a. Inferior vena cava
b. Superior vena cava
c. Aorta
d. Veins
ANS: A REF: p. 79

52. The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them is
a. Respiration
b. Inhalation
c. Expiration
d. Circulation
ANS: A REF: p. 81

53. Inspiration involves

a. Breathing in
 b. Breathing out
c. Breathing in and out
d. Exhaling
ANS: A REF: p. 81

54. Another name for the trachea is the

a. Nose
b. Mouth
c. Windpipe
d. Alveoli
ANS: C REF: p. 81

55. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

a. During inspiration and expiration
b. During inhalation and exhalation
c. Between the alveoli and capillaries
d. At the pharynx and larynx
ANS: C REF: p. 81

56. Which separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity?

a. The pharynx
b. The larynx
c. The bronchus
d. The diaphragm
ANS: D REF: p. 81

57. Each lung is covered by a two-layered sac called the

a. Bronchus
b. Bronchiole
c. Alveoli
d. Pleura
ANS: D REF: p. 81

58. The process of physically and chemically breaking down food so it can be absorbed by the
cells is called
a. Peristalsis
b. Digestion
c. Metabolism
d. Mitosis
ANS: B REF: p. 81

59. The digestive system

a. Removes waste products from the blood
b. Removes solid wastes from the body
c. Maintains the body’s water balance
d. Protects the body against disease
 ANS: B REF: p. 81

60. Which is not a part of the digestive system?

a. The tongue
b. The gallbladder
c. The pancreas
d. The bladder
ANS: D REF: p. 81

61. Digestion begins in the

a. Mouth
b. Stomach
c. Pharynx
d. Small intestine
ANS: A REF: p. 81

62. What is the function of saliva?

a. It allows sweet, sour, bitter, and salty to be sensed.
b. It aids in swallowing and peristalsis.
c. It cuts, chops, and grinds food for digestion and swallowing.
d. It moistens food particles to ease swallowing and begin digestion.
ANS: D REF: p. 82

63. During swallowing, the tongue pushes food into the

a. Stomach
b. Esophagus
c. Pharynx
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 82

64. Food is moved down the esophagus by

a. Peristalsis
b. Gravity
c. Digestion
d. The blood
ANS: A REF: p. 82

65. What is the stomach’s function in digestion?

a. It cuts, chops, and grinds food.
b. It pushes food through the GI tract.
c. It produces bile to aid digestion.
d. It stirs and churns food to break it down into small particles.
ANS: D REF: p. 82

66. Chyme is produced in the

a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
 c. Pancreas
d. Large intestine
ANS: A REF: p. 82

67. Which is not a part of the small intestine?

a. Duodenum
b. Pancreas
c. Jejunum
d. Ileum
ANS: B REF: p. 82

68. Bile is stored in the

a. Stomach
b. Liver
c. Gallbladder
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 82

69. Chyme moves through the small intestine by

a. Peristalsis
b. Gravity
c. Digestion
d. The blood
ANS: A REF: p. 82

70. Most food absorption occurs in the

a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Liver
d. Large intestine
ANS: B REF: p. 82

71. The large intestine also is called the

a. Colon
b. Rectum
c. Anus
d. Villi
ANS: A REF: p. 82

72. After water is absorbed from chyme, the remaining semisolid material is called
a. Chyme
b. Feces
c. Mucus
d. A bowel movement
ANS: B REF: p. 82
73. The waste products of digestion pass out of the body through the
a. Colon
b. Large intestine
c. Rectum
d. Anus
ANS: D REF: p. 82

74. The urinary system

a. Rids the body of solid wastes
b. Rids the body of carbon dioxide
c. Produces sweat
d. Removes waste products from the blood
ANS: D REF: p. 82

75. The urinary system involves the following except the

a. Kidneys
b. Bladder
c. Urethra
d. Vagina
ANS: D REF: p. 82

76. Urine is formed in the

a. Bladder
b. Nephrons
c. Penis
d. Urethra
ANS: B REF: p. 83

77. Urine is stored in the

a. Ureters
b. Bladder
c. Penis
d. Urethra
ANS: B REF: p. 83

78. The opening at the end of the urethra is the

a. Penis
b. Bladder
c. Meatus
d. Vagina
ANS: C REF: p. 83

79. Sperm cells are produced in the

a. Testes
b. Ovaries
c. Scrotum
d. Prostate gland
 ANS: A REF: p. 83

80. The male hormone is

a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d. Vas deferens
ANS: A REF: p. 84

81. Semen leaves the body through the

a. Testes
b. Urethra
c. Prostate gland
d. Vagina
ANS: B REF: p. 83

82. The female gonads are called

a. Testes
b. Ovaries
c. Testicles
d. Fallopian tubes
ANS: B REF: p. 84

83. Female sex cells are called

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Ova
d. Labia
ANS: C REF: p. 84

84. The process of releasing a female sex cell is called

a. Ovulation
b. Menstruation
c. Fertilization
d. Lactation
ANS: A REF: p. 84

85. The female sex glands secrete

a. Estrogen and progesterone
b. Testosterone
c. Menstruation
d. The endometrium
ANS: A REF: p. 84

86. Where does a fertilized sex cell grow during pregnancy?

a. The fallopian tube
 b. The uterus
c. The vagina
d. The ovary
ANS: B REF: p. 84 | p. 85

87. External genitalia in the female are called the

a. Breasts
b. Mammary glands
c. Vulva
d. Labia
ANS: C REF: p. 84

88. Menstruation normally occurs

a. After intercourse
b. Every day
c. About every week
d. About every 28 days
ANS: D REF: p. 85

89. During fertilization

a. The endometrium is discharged from the body
b. A sex cell is released
c. Erectile tissue becomes hard
d. A male sex cell and a female sex cell unite
ANS: D REF: p. 85

90. The master gland of the body is the

a. Thyroid gland
b. Adrenal medulla
c. Pituitary gland
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 85

91. Growth hormone is secreted by the

a. Thyroid gland
b. Adrenal glands
c. Parathyroid glands
d. Pituitary gland
ANS: D REF: p. 85

92. Too little thyroid hormone results in the following except

a. Weight gain
b. Slowed movements
c. Slowed body processes
d. Too much sugar in the blood
ANS: D REF: p. 85
93. The adrenal glands are located
a. In the neck
b. Behind the eyes
c. Next to the thyroid glands
d. On top of each kidney
ANS: D REF: p. 85

94. The adrenal medulla secretes

a. Parathormone
b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
c. Insulin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ANS: B REF: p. 86

95. The pancreas secretes

a. Parathormone
b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
c. Insulin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ANS: C REF: p. 85

96. Which hormone regulates the amount of sugar in the blood?

a. The glucocorticoids
b. Estrogen
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Insulin
ANS: D REF: p. 85

97. The immune system functions to

a. Regulate body activities
b. Protect the body against disease and infection
c. Regulate water and sodium balance
d. Eliminate waste
ANS: B REF: p. 86

98. A person has protection against a disease or condition. This is called

a. An antibody
b. An antigen
c. Immunity
d. Hormones
ANS: C REF: p. 86

99. A substance that can cause an immune response is

a. An antibody
b. An antigen
c. Immunity
 d. Hormones
ANS: B REF: p. 86

100. Which produces antibodies?

a. Red blood cells
b. Hormones
c. Insulin
d. Lymphocytes
ANS: D REF: p. 86

101. Lymph is formed in the

a. Bone
b. Muscle
c. Tissues
d. Brain
ANS: C REF: p. 86

102. The purpose of the lymphatic system is to

a. Defend the body against infection
b. Prevent someone from bleeding to death
c. Provide oxygen to the tissues
d. Circulate blood to the areas of the body
ANS: A REF: p. 86