Give reasons for studying English

Words to describe physical appearance

A. Height

1. Short
2. Average height
3. Tall

B. Weight

4. Thin/Slim/Skinny
5. Average weight
6. Heavy/fat
C. Hair type

7. Bald
8. Curly
9. Wavy
10. Straight

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D. Hair length

11. Short
12. Medium-length
13. Long
E. Facial hair

14. Beard
15. Mustache
16. Goatee

Simple present: be + adjective/have + object

Simple present: be + adjective

Affirmative:

1. Albiery is tall – He is tall

2. Kimberly is average-height – She is average-height

Negative:

1. Luisa is not fat – Luisa isn’t fat – She isn’t fat

2. This class is not big – This class isn’t big
3. Franklin, Alessandro & Roberto are not bald – They are not bald – they aren’t
bald

Simple present: have + object

Affirmative:

1. I have a black watch

2. We have a mustache
3. Luisa has long hair – She has long hair

Negative

1. I do not have a goatee

2. Carlos does not have long hair
3. We do not have short hair

Exercise

Luisa’s hair (not) __is not__ curly

Franklin’s shirt __is__ blue
My watch’s color __is___ black

Alessandro _does not have___ a goatee.

The university _does not have__ in-person classes
Exercise

Write the words next to the definitions

Words: bossy, demanding, moody, shy, talkative, cheerful, laid-back, outgoing and
supportive

1. Bossy 2. Shy 3. Talkative

4. Moody 5. Laid-back 6. Cheerful
7. Supportive 8. Outgoing 9. Demanding

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What is “stress” in spelling?

“Stress is an emphasized sound on a specific syllable.

The door opens

Propeller

Verb “to be”: compound sentence with “and” and “but”

Speedy is outgoing and he is cheerful

Rosselly is shy but she is cheerful

Grammar notes

• Use “and” to join two sentences with similar ideas.

• Use “but” to join two sentences with opposite ideas.
• Use “but” when the second idea is surprising or unexpected.
Surprising = sorpresivo
Amazing = sorprendente

Noun = sustantivo (persona, lugar, cosa, animal)

Adjective = adjetivo (palabra que califica o “critica” al sustantivo)
Verb = action
Adverb = adverbio (palabra que califica o “critica” a la acción o verbo)

Busy = ocupado
Kind = amable
Tank top =

Exercise

Write “and” or “but”

1. We have a nice break room at work. It isn’t big __but___ it is comfortable. We

have a refrigerator __and___ we have a microwave. We have a TV, too, ___but____
we don’t have time to watch it.

2. Jim is a customer service representative ___and____ he is good at his job. He is

outgoing ___and____ he is kind to customers. His co-workers like him. He is helpful
___and_____ he is supportive.

3. I have a job in a medical office. A lot of people work there, __and__ it’s really busy.
My supervisor is OK. She has good ideas ___but_____ she is very bossy.

Simple present tense of be: Yes/no and information questions

Wh-words: What, where, which, how, who, whose

Information questions using the verb “to be”

Whose flashlight is that?

Who are you?

Where are you from?

Which is your favorite color?

What is a tank top?

Yes/no questions with “be”

She is Luisa

Is she Luisa?

Yes, she is.

No, she is not
No, she’s not
No, she isn’t

Is Franklin talkative?

Yes, he is

Are you guys shy?

No, you are not

Family relationships

1. Brother
2. Sister
3. Father
4. Mother
5. Aunt
6. Cousin
7. Uncle
8. Fiancé
9. Fiancée
10. Niece
11. Nephew
12. Wife
13. Husband
14. Mother-in-law
15. Father-in-law
16. Sister-in-law
17. Son
18. Daughter
19. Children
20. Parents
21. Grandmother
22. Grandfather
23. Granddaughter
24. Grandson
25. Grandchildren

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Simple present affirmative and negative: live/work/have

For verbs different to “to be” there are generic rules to follow. In this case, we select
the verbs “live, work & have”

Contrast between “verb to be” and the rest of the verbs

Affirmative

The verb “to be” completely transforms in conjugation, whereas the rest of the verbs
do not change so much.

I am outgoing ----------- I work at the university

He is talkative ---------- He works at the hospital
Negative

For the negative version, for verbs different than “verb to be” we use an auxiliary
verb “do”.

I am not outgoing/ I’m not outgoing ---------------- I don’t live in Xela

He is not shy/ He’s not shy/ He isn’t shy --------- He doesn’t live in Conguaco

Exercise: Look at the family tree. Complete the sentences with the simple present.

0. Paco __doesn’t have____ (have) one grandson

1. Alba __doesn’t live___ (live) in Los Angeles

2. Marcos ___lives_____ (live) in Lima

3. Lola ___doesn’t have___ (have) a son

4. Marcos ___has___ (have) a brother

5. Lola and Pablo ___live______ (live) in New York

 6. Sandra ____has______ (have) three grandchildren

7. Pablo and Marcos ____don’t have_____ (have) a sister

8. Sandra and Paco ___don’t live______ (live) in Dallas

Simple present: Yes/No questions and short answers

Contrast between “verb to be” and the rest of the verbs (Questions)

Verb “to be” ---------------------------------- Rest of the verbs

You are special --------------------------------- You live in Guatemala

Are you special? ------------------------------- Do you live in Guatemala?

Yes, you are-------------------------------------- Yes, I do.

Verb “to be” -------------------------------------- Rest of the verbs

She is laid-back---------------------------------She has a dog

Is she laid-back? ----------------------------------Does she have a dog?

Yes, she is ------------------------------------------ No, she doesn’t