CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Chemistry in
Everyday Life -3
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

CHEMICALS IN MEDICINES

ANTACIDS & ANTIHISTAMINES.

TRANQUILIZERS.

ANALGESICS.

ANTI MICROBIALS

ANTIFERTILITY DRUGS.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Tranquilizers and Analgesics are

neurologically active drugs..

These affect the

message transfer mechanism
from nerve to receptor.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers

➢ Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used

for the treatment of stress and mild or
even severe mental diseases.

➢ These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a

sense of well-being.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers

➢ They form an essential component of

sleeping pills.

➢ There are various types of tranquilizers.

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers
➢ They function by different mechanisms.

➢ For example, noradrenaline is one of the

neurotransmitters that plays a role
in mood changes.

➢ If the level of noradrenaline is low for some reason, then the

signal-sending activity becomes low, and the person suffers from
depression.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers
➢ In such situations, antidepressant drugs are required.
➢ These drugs inhibit the enzymes which catalyzes the degradation of
noradrenaline.
➢ If the enzyme is inhibited, this important neurotransmitter is
slowly metabolized and can activate its receptor for longer periods
of time, thus counteracting the effect of depression.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers
➢ Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such drugs.

O NHNHCH(CH3)2
C
NHNH2

Iproniazid Phenelzine (Nardil)

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers

➢ Some tranquilizers namely, chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate,

are relatively mild tranquilizers suitable for relieving tension.

➢ Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
H
N O CH3 O
CH3
N=C H2N–C–O–CH2–C–CH2–O–C–NH2
(CH2)2CH3
CH2
+ Meprobamate
Cl C=N _
O
C6H5
Chlorodiazepoxide
O CH3 O

H2N–C–O–CH2–C–CH2–O–C–NH2
CH3

Equanil
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers
➢ Derivatives of barbituric acid viz., veronal,
amytal, nembutal. luminal and seconal
constitute an important class of
tranquilizers.
➢ These derivatives are called barbiturates.

➢ Barbiturates are hypontic, i.e., sleep producing agents.

➢ Some other substances used as tranquilizers are valium and

serotonin.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Neurologically Active Drugs

(a) Tranquilizers
➢ Derivatives of barbituric acid viz.,
veronal, amytal, nembutal. luminal and
seconal constitute an important class of
tranquilizers.
➢ These derivatives are called barbiturates.
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

CH3
H
O N O CH2CH2NH2
N O
HO
N C 2 H5 N
Cl
H C 2 H5 N
O
H
Veronal C10H12N2O
Valium
Serotonin
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

MCQS
1. Diazepam (valium) is used as…

a) An antibiotic.

b) An analgesic.

c) An anaesthetic.

d) A tranquilizer.
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRYININ
EVERYDAY LIFE
EVERYDAY LIFE

MCQS
2. The substances which affect the central nervous system and induce
sleep are called
a) antipyretics.

b) tranquilizers.

c) analgestics.

d) antibiotics.
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRYININ
EVERYDAY LIFE
EVERYDAY LIFE

MCQS
3. Serotonin has similar structure to that of

a) adrenaline.

b) aspirin.

c) luminal.

d) ranitidine.