ACC World History

On the required due date specified OR the final day of each unit (the day we take the unit exam), you will
turn in a document that responds to this study guide. You will divide it by sections (as listed in the guide).
You are required and responsible for writing/typing out your own answers to the questions and terms (i.e.
Do NOT copy and paste from online sources, the textbook, or peers). Paraphrase term definitions using
your own words based on the information you have read from the textbook and do not share your reading
review question answers with classmates or other students. Please write/type your entry in a different
color Font.

Unit 9
The Age of Imperialism
Lesson 1: The Roots of Imperialism
Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
imperialism a strong country taking control of a weaker territory
racism belief that one race is better than other races
Social Darwinism social theory by Charles Darwin that stated that Europeans were fittest for
survival as they were more advanced and wealthy than other cultures,
supporting white supremacy
Berlin Conference European nations met to divide African territory
Shaka a Zulu chief who established a large unified state during warring times for
Southern Africa
Boer Dutch colonizers who slowly moved in on African territory, establishing
farms
Boer War War between British and Boers as British tried to colonize Africa for
diamonds and gold
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
What motivated the European nations had many reasons to imperialize. For instance, they
nations of Europe to believed that they were superior to other nations and that it was their duty to
engage in imperialist colonize and advance other countries. They believed they had “the right and
activities? (Cite the duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries” (pp. 341).
specific text evidence Furthermore, it was a way for them to spread the beliefs of Christianity and
westernize other nations. With the growth of industrialization, nations also
to support your needed resources to support their booming economy. According to the
answer.) textbook, “they searched for new markets and raw materials to improve their
economies” (pp. 340).
What effect did the The Boer War affected Africans as they were a crucial part of the event,
Boer War have on acting as soldiers, guards, workers, and more. As a result, the British
Africans? captured them, sentencing them to death in concentration camps. When the
British eventually won the war, Africans were included in British control.

Lesson 2: Imperialism in Africa

Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
paternalism Europeans governed other nations by satisfying their needs but limiting their
rights.
assimilation The idea that adopted or foreign countries learn the culture of their colonizer
and eventually fit into society
Menelik II emperor of Ethiopia set Italy, France, and Britain against each other to protect
Ethiopia
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
What are the forms The forms of imperial rule are a colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and
of imperial rule? economic imperialism. A colony is a territory that is controlled from the inside
by another country. A protectorate is a territory with its own legislative system
but under the control of another country. A sphere of influence is a territory
that another country demands excluding trading abilities. Economic
imperialism is where an independent nation is controlled by private business
interests.
How did Ethiopia Menelik II led Ethiopia to success by pitting Italy, France, and Britain against
successfully resist each other. He also acquired a large supply of weapons from France and
European rule? Russia.

Lesson 3: Europeans Claim Muslim Lands

Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
geopolitics taking of land motivated by the geological location of the territory and the
resources nearby
Crimean War A war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire over the land on the Black
Sea, as Russia wanted a warm-water port
Suez Canal A man-made canal to connect the Red Sea and the Mediterranean
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
Why were the European nations were interested in controlling the Muslim lands as the
European nations Ottoman Empire was strategically located next to the Mediterranean and the
interested in Atlantic sea trade. For other nations to be involved, they had to go through the
controlling the Ottoman empire, which could lead to great profit if gatekept.
Muslim lands?
What methods did Muslim leaders adopted modernization to try to prevent European imperialism.
the Muslim leaders For instance, they issued political and social reforms such as adopting cash
use to try to prevent crop plantations. Another example of modernization was the constriction of the
European Suez canal which aided in trade and communication.
imperialism?

Lesson 4: British Imperialism in India

Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
sepoy Indian soldier that worked in British armies
“jewel in the crown” a nickname that Britain had for India as it was the most valuable of their
colonies
Sepoy Mutiny an outbreak by the sepoys against the British, inspired as they wanted Hindus
and Muslims to eat animal products against their religion
Raj a term for British rule after India came under the control of Britain
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
How was the Britain transformed India’s economy to be reliant on the British. India fueled
economy of India the raw materials that Britain used for their economy. For instance, the Indian
transformed textile industry crashed as British textiles were imported instead.
by the British? Furthermore, India was established as a railroad network for the British as
they could easily transport the raw materials produced on plantations there.
What caused the The Sepoys were mostly of Hindu and Muslim religions. Hindus could not eat
Sepoy Mutiny? cow products and Muslims could not eat pig products. However, the
cartridges of rifles were greased with beef and pork fat, and soldiers needed to
bite the tip off of cartridges to use. They were outraged by this and the British
refused to be understanding, thus leading to an uprising.

Lesson 5: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
Pacific Rim countries on the border of the Pacific Ocean
King Mongkut ruler of Siam who helped modernize the nation
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
How did Siam Siam was an interest to both British Burma and French Indochina. To avoid
manage to remain being conquered, it established itself as a neutral area between the two
independent while nations. They also enforced several reforms regarding schools, legislation,
other countries in the and government that helped end slavery and escape racism and exploitation.
area were being
colonized?
Why did Southeast Southeast Asia became colonized by several European powers and they
Asia become an established plantations there. This brought people from all over Asia and
ethnically diverse other continents as well to work on these farms or mines. Thus, Southeast
region during the Asia grew greatly in ethnic diversity.
colonial era?

Lesson 6: U.S. Economic Imperialism

Key Terms - Paraphrase term definitions using your own words based on the information you have
read from the textbook.
Emilio Aguinaldo leader of Filipino nationalists who declared independence from the
United States and established the Philippine Republic
annexation adding a territory to a nation
Queen Liliuokalani Hawaiian ruler who took the throne in the 1890s, that tried to establish a
new constitution but was eventually removed by American businessmen
caudillo Latin American army leaders who acted as military dictators and
controlled nations
Monroe Doctrine a document by James Monroe that stated that America could not be
colonized by Europeans
Jose Marti writer who had been exiled by Cuba but returned to promote a second
war for independence
Spanish-American War A war between America and Cuba against the Spanish for Cuban
independence
Panama Canal a canal dug across a narrow section of central America to connect the
East and West coasts
Roosevelt Corollary an extension of the Monroe Doctrine which allowed the United States to
be an international police power
Section Questions- Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from the textbook
reading, class notes, and activities.
How were Latin Caudillos were army leaders who had already become popular and
American caudillos able powerful during the struggle for independence, thus, it was easy for them
to achieve power and to continue their position of power. They were supported by the military
hold on to it? which contributed to their stability.
What effects did the The Monroe Doctrine prevented Latin America from being colonized by
Monroe Doctrine European nations, however, it did not prohibit the United States. The
and the Roosevelt United States joined with Cuba in the Spanish-American War, however,
Corollary have on Latin Cuba was not independent for long before being adopted into American
control. The Roosevelt Corollary furthered United States' control by
America?
establishing it as an international power. Ultimately, these documents
allowed the United States to exert control of Latin America.

Critical Thinking Questions: Answer in complete sentences. Support response with evidence from
the textbook reading, class notes, and activities.

Analyze Effects
What effects did
imperialism have on the
economic life of the lands
and people colonized by the
European imperialists?
Imperialism was fueled by growing industrialization, and thus, lands
and resources were exploited. The people residing in these territories
were colonized, losing their culture and control. For instance, Britain
colonized India and dominated their economy, forcing them to be
reliant on Britain. This demonstrates how imperialism grew the
power of European nations and diminished that of other nations.
According to page 363 of the textbook, India produced “tea, indigo,
coffee, cotton, and jute” that was used in British factories. However,
the Indian residents were treated poorly and their culture and religion
were disrespected greatly, such as in the Sepoy Mutiny.

Draw Conclusions
Why do you think the
British viewed the Suez
Canal as the lifeline of their
empire?
The British viewed the Suez Canal as the lifeline of their empire as it
allowed for easier travel and connections. The British valued
geopolitics and the Suez Canal connected the Red Sea to the
Mediterranean Sea, which is a necessary pathway for travel to Asia
and Africa. Having control of and being near the Suez Canal put the
British in a position of power and strengthened their economy.

Unit Essential Question: Respond to the unit essential question using the CER (Claim, Evidence,
Reasoning) format from class. Do not directly quote (or copy/paste) from sources. Paraphrase
evidence supporting the claim. Cite sources contextually. Ex “…according to the textbook…(pp.#)”.
What role did imperialism play in shaping the modern world?
Imperialism has shaped the modern world by establishing economic powers, promoting racism and
other social ideas, and leading to cultural diversity. To begin with, European nations grew more
powerful through colonization, while those being conquered, such as African and Asian nations, grew
weaker. For example, the textbook explains how “the British set up restrictions that prevented the
Indian economy from operating on its own” (pp.363). India began to grow cash crops to support the
British economy, however, this meant that the production of other crops, which were a food supply for
many Indians, stopped. Today, India is still deeply in poverty and greatly divided in their caste system,
which has roots in British imperialism of India. India was not the only territory harvested for its
resources. Many European nations colonized Africa for their diamonds and gold. Furthermore, as many
of the European nations were in power, it promoted the idea that the white race was superior to others,
as they were more advanced. This was supported by Social Darwinism, which said “non-Europeans
were considered to be on a lower scale of cultural and physical development because they had not
made the scientific and technological progress that Europeans had” (pp. 341). Europeans believed it
was their right and duty to colonize other nations, an idea that never went away. People praise
European nations for being able to expand, even though it was at the expense of other people. These
ideas of racism are evident in society today and can be seen in the numerous race-targeted attacks that
have occurred recently. However, imperialism did lead to communication and diversity between
nations, although European nations did force their culture upon others. For instance, as European
nations would industrialize other places, people would travel to this new booming territory for jobs or
prosperity. For instance, Southeast Asia became “a melting pot of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and
Buddhists” (pp. 369). This is because many people migrated to Southeast Asia to work on plantations
and mines. Overall, imperialism boosted the economy of imperial, most commonly European, powers
at the expense of Asian and African colonies while also contributing to social issues such as systemic
racism and xenophobia.