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Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
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World History 2 (Modern and Contemporary Era)

MODULE
3

NAME:
 Estabillo, Reziel G.
 Fernandez, Donna Jean T.
 Fernandez, Donnabelle T.
 Jurilla, Emilio P.
 Relatos, Jerryco A.
COURSE & SECTION:
 BSED Social Studies 3-A
INSTRUCTOR:
 Mr. Harley B. Tuando
CONTACT NO. :
 09123096265
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101

Modules in World History 2 (Modern and Contemporary Era)

BSED-Social Studies III
Social Studies 18

Module #3: Western Imperialism the First and the Second waves of
Imperialism

Activities: Picture Analysis

1. 2.

What to do:
1. Examine the pictures carefully. What can you say about each picture?
The first picture illustrates colonization of land (colonialism) in which a group of
people/country is using their power in exercising and extending their control over dependent
and owned areas. It can be seen in the picture how eager they was in conquering and
dominating land aiming with their goal of superiority and their ordained mandate to rule.
Colonialism (colonization) is often associated with reasons of increasing wealth and power,
expanding religious beliefs, and enrichment of natural resources. The second picture clearly
shows the idea of imperialism in which a western country is extending its rule and authority
over foreign countries acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. It illustrates how the
western country ties the world by expanding its territory, power, and dominion over political,
economic and military dominance.

2. If you relate the two pictures, what do they imply? Why?

The pictures imply western colonialism and imperialism which involves political and
economic control over dependent territories. The western colonialism and imperialism, a
political economic phenomenon whereby European nations explored, conquered, settled, and
exploited large areas of the world. They acquire full or partial control over other societies and
territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. As
they extend their power and dominance, they embedded and tied the world economically and
politically.
Analysis:

Read this Article Below:

The First Stage of Western Imperialism could be seen in the European Explorations
where the voyagers of Europe went to places they had never been to before. It started in the 15th
century. Their motives eventually led them to explorations due to the search for material goods,
spread Christianity and the desire for fame. Between the periods of the 15 th and 17th centuries,
that exploration was considered the First Stage of Imperialism. Imperialism is the intervention or
direct colonization of ones country by another country. The European explorations gave way to
Maritime exploration and were made possible by the spirit of curiosity brought about by the
Renaissance period monarchs who gave support, thus, the discovery and development of
navigational tools and improve ships. In general, the period of exploration led Europeans to use
the sea as a means for the expansion of Western Empires. A number of explorers led the way
namely the merchants from Venice, the Portuguese navigators, the Spanish colonizers, the
English navigators, the Dutch and the French too. The interaction of navigators and explorers to
those they had explored and colonized gave rise to the new ideas such as mercantilism,
colonization and eventually imperialism and it also gave rise to new divisions and groupings of
countries not naming them according to continents but according to distance and proximity to
them. As such the following names came out like the New World, Old World, Dark Continent
and the East Indies. The effects of these European Explorations in Asia was the colonization of
the Philippines by Spain; In America, was the downfall of the Aztec and the Inca Empires; In
Europe, was felt in the increase in the prices of commodities as a consequence of the increase in
the quantity of supply of silver, the inflow of crops from America that gave Europe the chance to
a wide selection of food that improved their diet such as corn and potatoes. On the negative note,
It led to the spread of diseases that Europeans had no immunity to it such as the so called yellow
fever and malaria that were previously confined to Africa and were brought to the New World.
The Native Americans did not have immunity to diseases like smallpox, measles and typhus. On
the other hand, the second wave of Western Imperialism has affected the abuses on the native
population by their oppressive policies; they damaged the native culture of the Asians and
Africans because of their pervasive Western influences. Finally in terms of territorial boundaries,
the legacy of Western Imperialism is the territorial disputes among countries in Asia and Africa.
This was the result of unreasonable and arbitrary delineation of their borders by Europeans who
colonized them.

Analysis: Complete the table with the information based from the article read:

Categories of First Wave of Imperialism Second Wave of Imperialism

information
Concept of Imperialism The First Stage of Western
Imperialism could be seen in the
European Explorations where the
voyagers of Europe went to places
they had never been before. It
began in 15th century, during
Europe’s Age of Discovery in
which they directly colonize and
subjugate lands (countries).
European nations also sought trade
routes with the Far East, explored
the New World, and established
settlements. During this time,
European countries such as
Britain, Spain, France, and
Portugal colonized lands across
North and South America as well
as in Southeast Asia. They set up
trading post, gained footholds on
coast of Africa and China, and
worked closely with the local
rulers to ensure the protection of
European economic interest.
The second wave of colonial
expansion began during the 19th
century with the New
Imperialism period that centered
on South and Southeast Asia,
Africa, and Pacific Islands. The
second wave of imperialism
featured unprecedented pursuit
of overseas territorial
acquisitions. At this time, states
focused on building their
empires with new technological
advances and developments,
expanding their territory
through conquest, and
exploiting the resources of the
subjugated countries. European
nations such as Britain, France,
Portugal, and Spain sliced up
the continent like a pie, creating
arbitrary borders and
boundaries, and claiming large
swaths of land for themselves.
Causes /Motives The main motivations for the first
wave of imperialism can be
summed in three (3) reasons: God,
Gold, and Glory. God, because
missionaries felt it was their moral
duty to spread Christianity, and
they believed a higher power
would reward them for saving the
souls of colonial subjects. Gold,
because colonizers would exploit
resources of other countries in
order to bolster their own
economies. Lastly glory, since
European nations would often
compete with one another over the
glory of attaining the greatest
number of colonies.
Effects The effects of these European
Explorations/ first wave
Exploration was:
 Colonization of the
Philippines by Spain.
 In America, it was the
downfall of the Aztec and
the Inca Empire.
 Destroyed civilizations and
forced religion upon
natives.
 Decimation of native
population (90%).
 In Europe, it was felt in the
increase in the prices of
commodities as a
consequence of the
increase in the quantity of
supply of silver
 It led to the spread of
diseases that Europeans
had no immunity to such as
the yellow fever and
malaria that were
previously confined to
Africa and were brought to
the New World. The
Native Americans did not
have immunity to diseases
like smallpox, measles and
typhus.
 The voyage was very
unsafe and a lot of people
died along the way.

The main motivation for the
second wave of imperialism was
stimulated by a mix of political
rivalries, ideological excuses,
economic demands, and
technological advances.
Economic reasons where
perhaps the most important. The
need for the European nations to
expand their markets globally in
order to sell products that they
could not sell domestically.
They also need for cheap and
secure sources of food, raw
materials, and minerals, captive
markets, and the imperative to
offset expanding power of one’s
competitors. National rivalries
and the prestige of important
were also important factors for
the second wave of imperialism.
Furthermore, leading European
nations also felt that colonies
were crucial to military power,
national security, and
nationalism.
The effects of the second wave
exploration was:
 Abuses on the native
population of Africa by
oppressive policies.
 Traditional way of life
of African and Asian
people was disrupted.
 Under foreign rule,
native culture and
industry were destroyed.
 Imported goods wiped-
out local craft industries.
By using colonies as
sources of raw materials
and markets for
manufactured goods,
colonial powers held
back the colonies from
developing industries.
 Economic exploitation
of Africans.
 European racism
imported into Africa.
 Damaged the native
culture of the Asians and
Africans because of their
pervasive Western
influences.
 Territorial disputes
among countries in Asia
and Africa.
 Benefits The benefits of these European
Explorations/ first wave exploration was:
exploration was:
 Better and faster trade
routes from Europe to India
and many other places
were founded.
 Cartographers were able to
produced better maps.
 Increased trade led to
economic prosperity which
resulted to the rise of many
European Nations such as
Spain and Portugal.
 The discovery of new
resources help Europe
prosper. Many new
resources of food such as
potato helped Europe live a
better life.
 Europeans adopted cultural
practices imported from
other lands.
The benefits of second wave
 Spread of European
culture (education and
religion).
 Western countries
established the
beginning of a global
economy in which the
transfer of goods,
money, technology are
regulated in an orderly
way that ensures a
continuous flow of
natural resources and
cheap labor for the
industrialized world.
 Increased trade which
resulted to economic
prosperity.
 Strong ties to former
colonial powers.

Abstraction:
Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending the rule over peoples and other countries for
extending political and economic access, power and control, through employing hard power
especially military force, but also soft power. While related to the concepts of colonialism and
empire, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many
forms of government. Expansionism and centralisation have existed throughout recorded history
by states, with the earliest examples dating back to the mid-third millennium BC. However, the
concept of imperialism arose in the modern age, associated chiefly with the European colonial
powers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries and New Imperialism. Following the decolonization
of European holdings, the concept has further evolved and has been broadly used to identify as
well as criticise a range of policies and a number of states, including even supposedly anti-
imperialist states.

Application: Using the concept of imperialism, colonialism, mercantilism and exploration,

how does it work today? Cite situations and examples of Conditions, even issues present in our
world today. Explain your answers.
Today the term Imperialism is commonly used in international propaganda to denounce
and discredit an opponent’s foreign policy. International organizations, including the United
Nations, attempt to maintain peace using measures such as collective security arrangements and
aid to developing countries. However, critics say imperialism exists today, for example, many in
the Middle East saw the United States led Iraq War as a new brand of anti-Arab and anti-Islamic
imperialism. Colonialism, as a strategy of asserting control in a given region for the purposes of
exploiting economically, is still widespread today. Other governments and corporations continue
to reinforce discourses along the same lines. These days, colonialism is often facades to aid or
investment which provides leverage of economic policy to developing regions. For instance,
many African nations are currently faced with a phenomenon dubbed “land grabbing”, where
rising non-Western economies seek to expand their sphere of influence while also profiting from
the extraction of Africa’s abounding natural resources. Today, mercantilism is typically
dismissed as an archaic and blatantly erroneous set of ideas about economic policy. Currently,
China is the leading bearer of the mercantilist torch, although Chinese leaders would never admit
it, too much opprobrium still attaches to the term. Much of China’s economic miracle is the
product of an activist government that has supported, stimulated, and openly subsidized
industrial producers both domestic and foreign. Although China phased out many of its explicit
export subsidies as a condition of membership in World Trade Organization, mercantilism’s
support system remains largely in place.
Assessment: Answer the questions below in 10 sentences each only. Be guided by the rubric
below
Student
CATEGORY (10-8 points) (7-5 points) (4-2 points) (1-0 points)
Score
The content is
Limited
substantial, specific, Sufficiently
content with Superficial
and/or illustrative developed content
inadequate and/or
Content content with adequate
elaboration minimal
demonstrating string elaboration or
or content
development and explanation.
explanation.
sophisticated ideas.
Information
Information
appears to be
Information is very Information is is organized
disorganized
Organization organized with well- organized with but
and
of Ideas constructed well-constructed paragraphs
paragraphs
paragraphs. paragraphs. are not well-
are not well-
constructed
constructed
Needs to
Excellent grammar Correct grammar improve The student
Spelling and no error in and error of 1-3 grammar has poor
/Grammar spelling are words are and error of grammar
observed. observed. 4-6 words are and spelling
observed.

1. Do you think Western Imperialism happening at present? Why? And How?

Imperialism is the policy of expanding the rule of a nation or empire over foreign
countries by force. In the 1800s, European nations acquired great wealth and power from
both the natural resources of the lands they conquered and the forced labor of the people
from whom they took the land. In today’s time, Western Imperialism is still present. The
effect of imperialism is still evident as the economic development of the world’s poorest
countries is still lacking. For centuries, countries in the developing world were exploited by
their imperial overlords. This meant that when independence was finally achieved, nations in
the developing world were economically weak and constantly needed to play catch up with
developed countries. As the economies were in a damaged state after years of exploitation, it
put them in a serious disadvantage to the powers of countries who had exploited them for so
long. Although they have political independence, they quickly found themselves having to
enter into disadvantageous trade and financial deals with the world’s richest countries. They
don’t have a little choice but to allow rich countries to dictate the terms of any future
economic relationships between them. Even today, the legacy of colonial exploitation lives
on, with countries in the developing world left with little or no choice but give generous
concessions over trade and mineral rights to Western countries in turn for tax revenue and the
creation of much needed employment opportunities.