LET Social Science: Philippine & World History, Rizal & Other Heroes

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PART I WORLD HISTORY

History – study of past events based on evidences; story man through the ages.

Periodization in History

1. Pre-historic – period when there were no written records of man’s progress.

a. Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
b. Neolithic or New Stone Age
c. Metal Age

2. Historic Period – men’s progress were recorded

a. Ancient
b. Medieval
c. Modern

I. Ancient World Cradles of Civilization: Asia and Africa

a. First civilization were in the river valleys

1. Mesopotamia – region between the Tigris and Euphrates River
(fertile crescent region)
2. Egyptian – a long banks of Nile river in Africa
3. India – in the valley of Indus river
4. Chinese – along the Yellow river

b. Early Religions
1. Hinduism – India
2. Zoroasterianism – Persia (Iran)
3. Christianity – Israel (formerly Palestine)
4. Islamism – Saudi Arabia

c. Important contribution
1. Mesopotamia –
a. art of irrigation
b. invention of wheels
c. cuneiform (form of writing)
d. Code of Hammurabi
e. Hanging Garden of Babylonian
f. Monotheism(worship of one god) of the Hebrews
g. Mosaic Law ( law given by god to Moses)
h. Phonetic Alphabet

2. Egyptian
a. Great Pyramid
b. Hieroglyphics as form of writing
c. Calendar of 365 days

3. Far East
3.1 India
a. Dravidians were the first inhabitants; invaded by Aryans
b. Caste System – a rigid social structure
c. Religion – Hinduism main feature reincarnation

3.2 China
a. invented gun powder
b. printing press
c. produced textile called silk
d. civil service examination
e. Great Walls of China
f. Great philosophers – Confucius, Lao Tzu and Mencius

St. Louis Review Center,Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 224-2515 or 222-8732 20

 4. Western World

4.1 Greece
a. Isolated city government
b. Reform started by Solon
c. Cleisthenes and Pericles giving all classes of Athenesian citizens
chance to participate in government
d. Athens began the democratic system
e. Sparta had the militaristic system
f. Great Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
g. Hellenic culture

4.2 Rome
a. Romulus as founder in 753 B.C.
b. Under Etruscans Rome ruled by a king
c. Etruscan driven out to form a republic
d. Society: patrician (upper class) Plebeians (lower class)
e. War between Roman and Carthagenians (Punic war); Rome acquired
Spain
f. Julius Caesar expanded Rome’s territory
g. Octavian grand nephew of Caesar continued campaign of Caesar
h. Jurisprudence, Rome’s contribution

II Medieval Period

1. Dark Age – Barbaric tribes dominated

2. Supremacy of Christian Church – education revived through church; church had
great influence on people and government
3. Feudalism – socio political economic system that prevailed in Europe, a manorial
system was established; period of chivalry or knighthood
4. Crusades – series of military expeditions by Christians against Muslims to take back
Holy Land

III. Modern Period

A. Renaissance period – revival of Greek classics. Man’s confidence in his of life

Humanism was revived.

B. Age of Revolution

1. Intellectual Revolution – ideas of Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Voltaire and

Montesquin and Rousseau influenced thinking

2. Scientific Revolution- changes in scientific views ang age of inventions

3. Industrial Revolution
The name given by Arnold Toynbee to describe the changes in economic life
of England caused by remarkable series of inventions during the period of 1777 –
1815. Main feature of this period is the replacement of hand labor with machine
labor. Machines were first powered by waters: followed with coal; then by
electricity. Industrialization spread to other countries in the later 19th century
especially in Germany and United States.

The growth of an industrialized society brought with it many social problem

such as employment of child labor in factories and the growth of new towns
without regards for health and proper planning.

4. Commercial Revolution – brought about by colonial expansions

Imperialism – rule of powerful countries over weaker countries

5. Reformation – period of change in Western Christendom. Reform certain beliefs

in the Roman Catholic. The Catholic church reacted to the Protestant movement
by asserting itself and pushing back the tide of Protestanism. The Council of
Trent instituted many reforms dealing with conduct of church officials but did not

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 accept Protestant changes Ignatius de Loyola, founded the society of Jesus and
won back territories which were dominated by Protestants. Through then
Catholicism was spread America and Asia.

6. Political Revolution
The spread of liberal ideas led to revolution aimed at changing government.

6.1 American Revolution – (1775-1783) was a struggle for independence from

British rule by the thirteen colonies. It actually started over the issue of
taxation (no taxation without representation) and ended up as a war
independence. The war was fought for eight years, although by July 4,
1776, the Second Continental Congress of the 13th colonies drew up the
famous Declaration Independence. At the Peace of Paris in 1783, the
independence of the colonies was recognized; a republican government
was formed with George Washington elected as the first president.

6.2 French Revolution – (1789 – 1799) was inspired by the success of

American Revolution. Breakdown in government was precipitated the
revolution. It started with the Storming of the Bastille (royal fortress). A new
constitution was drawn up by the national assembly limiting the power of
Louis XVI. By 1872 the French Republic was declared. The king was
deposed and beheaded. An orgy of bloodshed followed called Reign of
Terror (1793 – 1794) where Queen Marie Antoinette was guillotined. Fresh
from military campaigns Napoleon Bonaparte returned to France to
eventually rule as dictator for he was made Consul for life by popular vote.
Later the French Legislature made him Emperor and through brilliant
military campaigns became Master of Europe.

C. Global Wars

1. World War I (1914–1918)

Caused by the assassination of the archduke Ferdinand of Austria on June 28,

1914 at Saravejo by a Serbian nationalist. Due to alliance form among European
powers (Triplet Intente: England, France and Russia and triple Alliance;
Germany, Austria and Turkey) the war in Balkans spread to other parts of Europe
and respective colonies.

USA entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allied power after the British
commercial ship Lusitanica was sunk by German Torpedos were several
American lives were lost. By 1918 Germany sued for peace and settlement
followed. About 11 million died and the horror of the war was clear to many.

2. World War II (1935 – 1945)

This was a war of ideology; between totalitarism (Hitler’s Nazism;

Mussolini’s Fascism; and Japan’s totalitarism) and democracy.

European war begin in Sept. 1, 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. The war in the
Pacific started with the bombing of the Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941 by
Japan, which drew USA into war on the side of the Allied Powers. Prisoners of
war in the Pacific were ill-treated while those in Europe millions of Jewish and
slaves civilians died in concentration camps such as in Auschwitz.

US entry into the war in Europe turned to tide of the war in favor of the Allied
Powers. Germany and Italy surrendered in 1945. Meanwhile in the Pacific, Japan
surrendered only after the atomic bombs were dropped in Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.

D. Post War Period

Characterized by the struggle for supremacy between communism (USSR) and

democracy (USA). USSR showed intentions of composing communistic rule on
areas freed from axis control, such as in Germany and Korea. This resulted in
the so-called cold war, a state of a diplomatic tension or a war nerves without

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 resort to an actual fighting. There occurs a constant maneuvering between the
two powers for the economic advantage and for the friendship of other countries.
To avert or to prevent on state from becoming powerful to endanger others, a
balance of powers has to be maintained.

PART II PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Much of the Philippine History tells of the libertarian struggle of the Filipinos against
colonial rule; Spaniards, Americans and Japanese. But even after the Filipinos gained
independence, the influence on our culture of the different colonial rulers is very strong that the
present Filipinos is still searching for his real identity.

A. Pre-colonial Philippines

Barangay was the socio-political unit with Datu as chieftain. Social classes existed:
nobles, freeman and slaves ( Aliping namamahay and aliping sagui-guilid). The archipelago
was divided into barangays, each barangay comprising of 40-100 families. Contacts with
other nations such as Chinese, Indians and Malays existed. Arab influence Islam religion)
was brought by Malays.

B. Hispanization of the Philippines

Magellan led an expedition for Spain to Molucas by sailing west. Such expedition
brought him to a group of islands which they called Archipelago of St. Lazaruz (Later
renamed Philippines after King Philip II of Spain). They anchored on Homonhon and later
sailed to an islet south of Leyte where they celebrated the first mass on March 31, 1521.
While Magellan was killed in a battle with Mactan chieftain Lapu-Lapu, nevertheless his
expedition paved the way for the eventual colonization of the Philippines by Spain.

In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived to establish a permanent settlement in the

Philippines Island. He concluded blood compact with Sikatuna, chief of Bohol, then a treaty
of friendship with Rajah Tupas of Cebu where the first Spanish settlement (San Miguel) was
established. It was later renamed Santissismo Nombre de Jesus. Further colonization was
made in the Visayas and up north. De Goite fortified Manila which was under Sulayman, a
Muslim chieftain. In 1571, Legazpi established Manila as the capital of the Philippines.

1. Political Changes
a. Government was centralized. For 250 years, Philippines was administered through the
Council of Indies which transmitted to the Governor General of the Philippines the royal
decree that served as guide in the administration of the colony.

b. Provincial governments started with encomiendas which were rewards given by the
Spaniards who helped in the pacification of the country. Encomenderos were
empowered to collect taxes, protect and convert natives to Catholicism. Due to abuses
perpetrated by encomenderos, encomiendas were abolished and replaced by a system
of provincial governments: Alcadia headed by Alcalde Mayor for pacified areas and
corregimentos headed by Corregidors for unpacified areas. Barangays were retained
and assimilated into bigger unit of government. Later, pueblos were established which
were headed by Gobernadorcillo.

2. Economic Policies - mostly characterized by monopoly that favored/benefited the

Spaniards.

a. Taxation: started as a tribute of 8 reales (about one peso). This was abolished in 1884
and personal cedula poll tax based on income was instituted for residents 18 years of
age and above. Taxes were excessive and most of which went into pockets of officials.

b. Forced Labor - Male from 16 to 66 years were required to render service to government
for 40 days supposedly with daily allowance and food ration, but the polistas (laborers)
were made to work without daily allowances and meager food ration.

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 c. Encomienda – became the source of corruption of officials, particularly in the sharing
of produce between encomienda, workers and landowners. Encomienda means land
granted to deserving Spaniards who served the government.

d. Galeon Trade or Manila - Acapulco Trade; Doctrine of Mercantilism (monopoly of

goods from colonies) was imposed by Spain. Philippines only traded with China and
Mexico in the 16th century and goods were shipped by the Spanish galleons.

3. Tobacco Monopoly - for 100 years the government designated Nueva Ecija, Cagayan
Valley, Marinduque as tobacco planting districts later Northern Luzon provinces were
included. Tobacco was in great demand in Europe.

4. Religious Influence

Christian religion was introduced replacing the paganistic anito worship. Friars were
responsible for spreading the religion such as Franciscans, Jesuits (1581), Dominicans
(1587) and Recollects (1606). Early missionaries learned the dialects of the people and
introduced and highly church-oriented literature. Being superstitious were utilized to hold the
natives to practice the new religion such that folk Catholicism resulted.

Education was controlled by friars. Religious orders founded the first school and
colleges. University of Sto. Tomas was the first university founded in 1611.

Growth of Filipino Nationalism

It was in the 19th century when national consciousness developed. Sporadic Uprisings
started as early as 1574 by Lakandula and followed by Sulayman then by Magalat in 1596.
Revolts by Tamblot, Bangkaw, Palaris, Dagohoy, Diego Silang and many others grew
intensely about 200 years later. Nationalism (devotion to or advocacy of national unity and
independence) developed due to the following factors: opening the Philippines to World
Trade; rise of the middle class; racial prejudice; Cavite mutiny and the execution of
Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora (GOMBURZA).

Campaign for reforms started with the formation by the middle class of Propaganda
Movement. Foremost among them where Lopez Jaena, M.H. del Pilar, and Rizal. The
movement failed to attain the reforms they demanded. However, their writings inspired and
opened the minds of the Filipinos. Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan (Kataastaasang
Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng Anak ng Bayan) KKK in July 7, 1892 on a radical
platform: to secure independence and freedom of the Philippines by force. The society
remained secret until Patinio exposed the society to Fr. Mariano Gil on August 19, 1896. At
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, the Katipuneros tore up their cedulas shouting “ Long Lived
the Philippines” thus marking the so-called “Cry of Pugad Lawin”.

C. American Colonization

Spanish-American war erupted in Cuba, another Spanish colony in 1898. This event led
to the coming of the Americans to the Philippines. The defeat of the Spaniards by the
Americans led to a negotiation which was concluded by the Treaty of Paris in December 10,
1898. As provided for in the Treaty, the Philippines was ceded by Spain to USA and USA paid
$20 million for the territory.

Aguinaldo who was in exile in Hongkong returned to the Philippines thinking that US
liberated us from Spain. On June 12, 1898 he proclaimed the independence of our country. On
June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo changed our form of government from dictatorial to revolutionary.
After the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution in January 21, 1898. Aguinaldo inaugurated
the Philippine Republic in Jan. 23, 1899.

Due to the cession of the Philippines to US, hostilities erupted between the Filipinos and
Americans. The unfortunate incident at San Juan Bridge where 2 Filipinos were fired at on
February 4, 1899 which led to the Filipino-American war. It was only after the capture of
Aguinaldo on March 23, 1901 that hostilities ended although pocket resistance continued in
some areas.

American Colonial Policy

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 US President McKinley proclaimed the policy “Benevolent Assimilation”. He emphasized
the Filipino should be trained for self-government.

The Filipinization policy expressed American intentions of training Filipinos for self-
government. As early as 1900, Filipinos were allowed to take over positions in municipal,
provincial and national government. By 1901 Cayetano Arellano was appointed chief of the
supreme court.

The promise of independence was contained in Jones Law of 1916. With the passage of
the Hare – Hawes Cutting Law, a ten-year transition was provided. This independent law was
later amended by the Tyding Mc Duffie Law.

The inauguration of the Commonwealth government on Nov. 15, 1935 marked the
beginning of the transition period. Manuel Quezon as the president launched the social justice
program aimed at giving justice to the common people.

D. Japanese Occupation

On Dec. 8, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval base in Hawaii. This
marked starts of World War II in the Pacific. As early as Sept. 1, 1939, war started in Europe
with Germany’s invasion of Poland.

Japan successfully occupied the Philippines after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor.
From 1942 – 1944, the Filipino experienced brutality in the hands of the Japanese until the
return of Gen. Douglas Mc Arthur, Japan finally surrendered after the Hiroshima (August 6,
1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) were destroyed by atomic bombs.

Commonwealth government was reestablished with Sergio Osmeña as president

because Quezon died in New York in 1944. In 1946, election for republican government was
held and Manuel Roxas won the presidency.

E. Postwar Administration

1. President Manuel Roxas

Worked for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the war-damaged country. His
problem was compounded by the subversive activities of the Huks (formerly a guerilla
movement) He died without finishing his term.

2. President Elpidio Quirino

Minimized with the Huk problem with the help of Defense Secretary Ramon
Magsaysay. Established (LASEDECO Law Settlement and Development Corp. ) for
landless farmers and Huk surrenders.

3. President Ramon Magsaysay

Man of the Masses. He promised to give common tao justice. Established the
NARRA (National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Administration) to continue the
resettlement program of previous administration.

4. President Carlos Garcia

Famous of his “Filipino First” policy and Austerity Program.

5. President Diosdado Macapagal

The most agrarian reform law, agricultural land, reformed code was signed by him.
This provided for the abolition of tenancy.

6. President Ferdinand Marcos

Promised to make this country Great Again ruled for 20 years during which time he:

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 a. work for the changing of 1934 constitution and result was the constitution of
1973 providing for a parliamentary government.
b. declared Martial Law in 1972 because of the deteriorating peace and order in
our country.
c. abolished congress upon the declaration of Martial Law.
d. the latter part of his regime was popularly known as dictatorship.

Benigno Aquino was assassinate in 1983 which generated protest and

demonstration that culminated in the EDSA Revolution were the People’s Power
was manifested. This put to an end for 20 years rule of Ferdinand Marcos,
Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino assumed the presidency in February
25, 1986.

7. President Corazon C. Aquino

First woman President of the Philippines

a. restored democracy by;
 holding elections for congress and local government
 framed and ratified constitution of 1987
 restored freedom of the press and speech
 released political prisoner

b. Worked for economic recovery

8. President Fidel V. Ramos

Known for his Philippines 2000 which is meant to make the Philippines an economically
developed country.

PART III RIZAL and other HEROES

A. JOSE RIZAL: A man of many talents

1. Famous quotations:
 “In order to read the destiny of a nation it is necessary to open the book of the
past.”
 “What is the use of independence if the slaves of today are the tyrants of
tomorrow.”
 “Every country gets the fate it deserves”

2. As Writer and Propagandist

 Wrote poems since he was eight years old with themes ranging from love of
family, nature, devotion to Jesus and Mary, tribute to women, love of country
 Wrote essays: Indolence of the Filipinos; the Philippine a Century Hence
 Writer in La Solidaridad and authored the famous NOLI and FILI novels

3. As an Artist: painter, sculptor

4. Educator: taught while in exile in Dapitan; expressed his views on education in novels
and poems as regards curriculum, discipline, good teacher training institution; screening
students
5. Economist: believed that economic independence should precede political freedom
6. Farmer: while in Dapitan he initiates many improvements in cattle raising, and
encouraged the planting of various crops and plants/trees
7. Historian: annotated Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and in his propaganda
materials he manifested deep and broad knowledge in world and Philippine history
8. Opthalmologist: restored sight of many persons including his mother
9. Physician: practiced medicine
10. Philologist: produced excellent studies on various European and Asian languages
11. Scientist: recognized as a scientist by Europe’s great scientists such as Feodor Jagor,
Dr. Meyer, Dr. Virchow. He discovered rare specimens. While in Dapitan he conducted
ethnographic, geological and geographical investigations
12. Engineer: had the title of Surveyor; was a Sanitary Engineer; set up a waterworks
system in Dapitan
13. Inventor: invented a cigarette lighter which he sent to Blumentritt; invented brick making
machine in Dapitan

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B. Other Heroes

1. Lapu-lapu – Chief of Mactan whose force killed Magellan

2. Francisco Dagohoy – leader of the Bohol revolt in 1744 to 1829. It near the longest
revolt in Philippine History
3. Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora (Gomburza) – three priests who were executed
for allegedly investigating the Cavite Meeting of 1872. Their execution kindled Filipino
spirit of nationalism
4. Graciano Lopez Jaena – founder and first editor of La Solidaridad and foremost Filipino
Orator
5. Marcelo del Pilar – with Rizal and Lopez Jaena they formed the triumvirate which
spearheaded the Propaganda Movement – Known by the penname Plaridel and was a
journalist and also became editor of the La Solidaridad
6. Emilio Jacinto – brain of the Katipunan and adviser to Bonifacio. Wrote “Cartilla”, of the
Katipunan.
7. Andres Bonifacio – founder of the Katipunan and led the Revolution of 1896. He was
known as the Great Plebeian
8. Emilio Aguinaldo – declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
9. Apolinario Mabini – Brains of the Revolution; adviser to Aguinaldo. Known as the
“Sublime Paralytic”.
10. Juan Luna – a great Filipino painter whose work the “Spolarium” was greatly acclaimed
by Europeans
11. Antonio Luna – a great military tactician who was of the great generals of the revolution
12. Gregorio del Pilar – hero of Tirad Pass and the youngest general of the revolution

PRACTICE TEST

I. Direction: Read the question carefully. Choose the letter which represents
the best answer.

1. Among the following religions, which religion believes in reincarnation?

a. Christianity c. Hinduism
b. Judaism d. Islamism

2. This was the language used during the middle ages. It was used by the Christian
Church in all its ceremonies/rituals.
a. French c. Latin
b. Italian d. Spanish

3. The propaganda movement was one example of Filipino nationalism. However

most people of today doubt the nationalism intention of the propagandist due to
its non- advocacy of:
a. Assimilation of the Philippines by Spain
b. Reform in the administration of the Philippines
c. Separation of the Philippines from the Spain
d. Annexation of the Philippines

4. The religious schism which occurred in our country during the 1896 –1898
revolutions resulted in the formation of a religious sect popularly known as
a. Iglesia ni Kristo c. Aglipay church
b. Anglican Church d. Episcopal church

5. The Japanese successful invasion of the Philippines was climaxed by the

surrender of the joint Fil-Am forces in May 6, 1942 in
a. Bataan c. Capas
b. Corregidor d. Manila

6. Industrial revolution is characterized by the factory system. What was the effect of
the factory system in the family?

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 a. it unified the family c. it weakened the family
b. it strengthened the family d. it solidified the family

7. Humanism of ancient period is associated with this group of people who valued
so much man’s capacity for excellence
a. Romans c. Assyrians
b. Egyptians d. Greeks

8. Political revolution of the late 18th and 19th centuries was characterized by the
overthrow of the existing government. Latin America revolution of 1775 was an
example of this. Which among the following causes of revolutions was NOT
TRUE to Latin American and USA.
a. Taxation c. Mercantilism
b. abuses of colonizers d. Abuses of dispotic divine

9. Filipinization Policy was started by Govt. Taft. This was meant to make Filipinos
accept America Sovereignty. This is described as the policy of …
a. introducing American culture
b. gradual substitution of American officials with Filipinos
c. allowing Filipinos to display Filipino flag
d. encourage Filipinos to promote Filipino product

10. The use of magic charms as very common among pre-Spanish Filipinos. One of
these is anting-anting or agimat which is meant to
a. insure the possessor against weapon of every kind
b. made the possessor lovable to ladies
c. made the possessor invisible
d. made him walk is storm or sea without getting wet

11. Pre-colonial trade in the Philippines was prosperous business transaction made of
a. money system c. credit system
b. barter system d. banking system

12. Men and women of pre-colonial times had weakness for personal adornment. Aside
from jewels, tattooing of the body was common. In the Visayas tattooed men were
called
a. Umalahokan c. Ati
b. Pintados d. Polista

13. The Industrial Revolution brought about a new class people. The people who
belong to this class comprised the greater percentage of the population. The term used
for them was …
a. middle class c. clergy
b. nobility d. working class

14. The scramble for territories overseas took a rapid pace after 1871. Within the period
of 1880-1910 powerful nations practically partitioned the world among themselves.
Acquired territories became source of raw materials and market for finished products.
What is the proper term for this movement?
a. Balance of Power c. Concession
b. Imperialism d. Sphere of Influence

15. Africa is popularly known as the dark continent. This term meant to describe Africa
because
a. its people are predominantly dark color
b. the people are uncivilized
c. little is known of the place
d. it had never been fully explored and settled

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16. Law making body of the country is called by a specific name, usually by a term in
their own language. Which country has the Reichstag as its law making body?
a. France c. Germany
b. Russia d. Australia

17. Communist influence spread with the successful take-over of Lenin in Russia in the
1917 Revolution. Communism is against.
a. collectivisation c. private property
b. workers rule d. cooperation

18. Rizal’s famous poem “ To the Filipino Youth” emphasized that

a. Young Filipinos should fight for their country
b. Educated Filipino youth should give importance to their country
c. Filipino youth must work hard for their country
d. Young Filipinos are needed by the country

19. Filipino as a term used in reference to the natives started during Rizals’ time.
Previous to this, the Spaniards had always referred to the natives as
a. Creoles c. Indios
b. Insulares d. Peninsulares

20. Which among the following books did Rizal scholarly work on by annotating it in
order to help Filipinos broaden their knowledge about their past?
a. Noli Me Tangere
b. El Filibusterismo
c. Sucesos de la Islas Filipinas
d. Les Miserables

21. Promise to “make this country great again”. Ruled for about twenty years.
a. Diosdado Macapagal
b. Ferdinand Marcos
c. Ramon Magsaysay
d. Carlos Garcia

22. The form of Government established by Aguinaldo was changed from dictorial to:
a. Democratic
b. Sociolocist
c. Republic
d. Revolutionary

23. The editor of La Solidaridad and a great orator, he initiated the reform movement
a. Marcelo H. del Pilar
b. Jose Rizal
c. Emilio Jacinto
d. Graciano Lopez-Jaena

24. The practice of having surnames was started during Spanish regime through the
order of
a. Gov. Gen. Jaudenes
b. Gov. Gen. Dela Torre
c. Gov. Gen. Claveria
d. Gov. Gen. Polevijia

25. Pre-colonial trade in the Philippines was prosperous. Business transactions made
use of
a. Money system
b. Barter system
c. Credit system
d. Banking system

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26. The custom of arranging marriage of children by the parents came from the influence
of
a. Japanese c. Chinese
b. Borneans d. Indians

27. The first Filipino who effectively repelled Spanish aggressor

a. Humabon c. Lapu-Lapu
b. Sulayman d. Lakandula

28. The oldest University in the Philippines founded by the Dominicans in 1611 is
a. Ateneo de Manila c. San Ignacio
b. San Juan de Letran d. Santo Tomas
29. It is the department which has the authority to make laws and to alter or repeat them
a. Administrative Department c. Judicial Department
b. Executive Department d. Legislative Department
30. The term of office of the Senator
a. One year c. Six years
b. Three years d. Twelve years
31. The power to declare the existence of a state of war belongs to
a. Congress c. Sandigang Bayan
b. President d. Supreme Court
32. Who has the sole power to try and decide an impeachment case?
a. Supreme Court c. Senate
b. People d. House of Representative
33. The Filipinos had already established their own government long before the coming
of the Spaniards. It was called
a. Council of Leaders c. Lakan
b. Barangay d. Raja
34. One of the leading political ideologies of the past several centuries has been that of
liberalism. In short, liberalism promotes the ideas of maximum freedom of choice and
minimal government involvement in the lives of citizens. Which of these famous
political theorists was a proponent of the liberal philosophy?
a. Adam Smith c. Mikhail Bakunin
b. Noam Chomsky d. Karl Marx
35. The following are the characteristics of the Aquino government before February 2,
1987, except:
a. Revolutionary c. Dictatorship
b. Constitutional d. De facto
36. Why do people need government?
a. To maintain order c. Participate in a demonstration
b. To gain political power d. Practice politics
37. A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized
government with the power to make an enforcement laws.
a. State c. Institution
b. People d. Community
38. It is the form of government in which the identifying feature is the separation of
power.
a. Aristocracy c. Parliamentary
b. Monarchial d. Presidential
39. He was appointed by Aguinaldo as the Military Vicar General or religious leader of
the revolutionary movement
a. Gregorio del Pilar c. Bernardino Nozaleda
b. Gregorio Aglipay d. Basilio Augustin
40. Which of these political ideologies has not been employed as the official ideology of
a modern nation-state?
a. Anarchism c. Fascism
b. Communism d. Liberalism

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