🌷 : ୨ biomolecules ୧ ‧₊˚

The body is full of large molecules called

biomolecules.

Biomolecules:
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic acids

Polymers
- Compromised of repeating units called H2N = Amino group
monomers O, OH = Carboxyl group
R = Side chain / R group
Polymers: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic a = alpha carbon
Acids
R group
Monomers: Amino Acids, Monosaccharides, Glycerol
- Determines the characteristics of the molecule
& Fatty Acids, Nucleotides
that forms when the amino acids join together.
(building blocks)
Essential Amino Acids
- from diet, because we can’t make them on our
own.

1. Leucine – hydrophobic
2. Phenylalanine – aromatic
3. Threonine
4. Tryptophan
5. Lysine – basic
6. Methionine
7. Isoleucine
8. Valine
9. Histidine

Nonessential Amino Acids

- we are able to make inside our bodies.

1. Alanine – CH3 (methyl group)

2. Serine – nucleophilic (nucleophiles)
3. Glycine – H atom
4. Proline
5. Aspartic acid – acidic
6. Glutamic acid
7. Glutamine
8. Arginine
9. Cysteine
10. Asparagine
11. Tyrosine

Every amino acid has its own unique structure and

reactivity.

Amino group
- Positive
- Can be protonated because it is slightly basic
🌷 : ୨ proteins & amino acids ୧ ‧₊˚
 Cationic form
- Negative charge
o Favor in an acidic environment

Carboxyl group
- Negative
- Deprotonated because slightly acidic

 Anionic form
o Favor in basic solution

neutral:
 Zwitterionic form
- With both positive and negative formal charges
- Physiological part

Form of amino acid:

Depends in pH of environment

Protein Structure
Protein / Polypeptide
- Most diverse type of biomolecule in the body.
- Includes:
1. Enzymes – catalyze chemical reactions
2. Receptors – control signaling in your
body
3. Hemoglobin – carries oxygen throughout
the bloodstream
4. Muscle & Organ Tissue – structure and
mobility

Amino Acid Polymerization