Republic of the Philippines

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NURSING
Zamboanga City

Alternative Learning System

Related Learning Experience

Nursing Care of Children with Alterations in Health Status (Acute and Chronic)
ALTERATIONS IN FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
Ezra M. Darunday BSN 2B
ASSESSMENT ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ANALYSIS

Cues System Involved: (1) The most (1) Mother complained

fundamental function that her son has
Subjective: (1) Digestive System of the digestive system (1) Pathophysiology of abdominal pain and
 Mother complained that her son has is to take food into the gastroenteritis feeling of bloating. This
abdominal pain and feeling of bloated body and break it indicates that the
 The son vomits whatever he eats or down into its pathogen (E. coli, as
drinks component nutrients shown in fecalysis) has
 He wants to lie down most of the time so that they can be already invaded the
and doesn’t like to do anything but to used by body cells. lining of the stomach.
rest. But the digestive The bloated feeling is
 Small to moderate watery stool at least system also plays a due to the pathogen
20 times for 24 hours for the past 24 critical role in fluid, lying inside the stomach
hours accompanied by stomach cramps electrolyte, and acid- is undergoing bacterial
with intermittent vomiting at least 15 base growth. This causes an
times. homeostasis by taking abdominal tenderness.
in water and The abdominal pain is
Objective: electrolytes via the due to the destruction of
 7 years old diet and delivering the stomach lining by
 Pale looking them to the blood. the pathogen while an
Other functions of the inflammatory body
 Weak
digestive system response in the stomach
  Dry lips include ingesting lining has occurred. This
 Poor skin turgor vitamins and minerals, also influences the WBC
 Abdominal tenderness producing hormones, to spike above normal
 Diagnosed with gastroenteritis and excreting levels.
metabolic wastes.
Initial Vital Signs (2) The son vomits
 Blood Pressure - 100/70mmHg, (2) The stomach whatever he eats or
 Pulse Rate - 125 beats per minute performs three drinks. This is due to
primary functions: decreased gastric
 Respiratory Rate - 27 breaths per
secretion, propulsion, motility or a forceful
minute
and digestion. Note retroperistalsis. An
 Body Temperature - 38.2 degree
that absorption of food induced gastric motility
Celsius.
molecules is not a may caused by an
main role of the infection of stomach
Examinations
stomach, but small which induces the
amounts of chemicals peristalsis movement.
Blood Exams
such as alcohol may
 WBC – 5.5 K/uL (3) Small to moderate
be absorbed here.
watery stool at least 20
Serum Electrolytes times for 24 hours for
 Magnesium – 0.95 mmol/L the past 24 hours
 Chloride – 93 mmol/L accompanied by
stomach cramps with
Fecalysis Cite Reference/s intermittent vomiting
 Color – Yellow (1) Amerman, E. C. at least 15 times.
 Consistency -Watery (2016). Human Watery stool indicates
 E. coli - Positive Organ Involved: anatomy & Cite Reference/s an infection that causes
(2) Stomach physiology. Pg 886. diarrhea which inhibits
Pearson education (1) Rivera-Dominguez G, Ward R. the digestive system to
Figure 2. The stomach Pediatric Gastroenteritis. [Updated absorb the water of food
(2) Amerman, E. C. 2020 Aug 15]. In: StatPearls sources. Stomach
(2016). Human [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): cramps are due to the
anatomy & StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. retroperistalsis
physiology. Pg 902. Available from: movement of the
Pearson educatio https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/boo stomach.
ks/NBK499939/

(2) For concepting:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pIDmePznLBo&ab_channel=kh
anacademymedicine
(4) Dry lips, and
paleness, and poor skin
turgor is due to body
dehydration. The body
cannot accept enough
water to sustain well.
This causes body
weakness as well as
some specific serum
electrolyte levels drop.
(5) Above normal values
of WBC is an indication
of fending of an existing
infection. Low
Magnesium may
indicate body weakness,
nausea and vomiting,
sleepiness and poor
appetite. Low Chloride
may indicate fluid loss,
dehydration, weakness,
difficulty in breathing.
Light yellow stool
indicates malabsorption
disorder, excess fat in
stool, disorders in liver
or gallbladder,
intestinal/stomach
infection. Watery
consistency of stool
indicates Infection, food
poisoning,
malabsorption. E. coli
infection in the digestive
system can cause
 disruptive digestive
process.

Cite Reference/s

(1) Rojas Y. (2018). Is

Bloating a Cause for
Concern? Austin
Gastroenterology.
Healthspot Interactive.
Accessed at:
https://www.austingastro
.com/2018/10/26/is-
bloating-a-cause-for-
concern/

(2) Gillson S. (2020).

Causes of
Gastrointestinal Motility
Disorders. 8 Disorders
that Interfere with
Gastric Motility.
VeryWellheath.
Accessed at:
https://www.verywellhe
Cite Reference/s alth.com/gastrointestinal
(1) Amerman, E. C. (2016). Human anatomy & -motility-disorders-
physiology. Pg 887. Pearson education 1741817#:~:text=In
%20normal
(2) Amerman, E. C. (2016). Human anatomy & %20digestion%2C
physiology. Pg 902. Pearson education %20food%20is,to%20a
%20variety%20of
%20problems.

(3) US Department of
Health and Human
Services, National
Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney
Diseases. Diarrhea.
Accessed at
https://my.clevelandclini
c.org/health/diseases/41
08-diarrhea

(4) Humes HD. Kelley's

Essentials of Internal
Medicine. Philadelphia,
PA: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins; 2001.
Accessed at:
https://www.nursingcent
er.com/journalarticle?
Article_ID=1183242&Jo
urnal_ID=54016&Issue_
ID=1183139#P42

For indications:
https://
www.healthline.com/
health/food-nutrition/
how-to-prevent-an-
electrolyte-
imbalance#treatment
https://
www.ahajournals.org/
doi/full/10.1161/
CIRCULATIONAHA.1
05.166563
https://
www.slideshare.net/
ZawahirahSamsodin/
fecalysis

(5) Andropoulus D.
Pediatric Normal
Laboratory Values.
Department of
Anesthesiology and
Pediatrics. Baylor
College of Medicine.
Texas’ Children
Hospital. Texas. USA.
Accessed at
https://onlinelibrary.wile
y.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9
781444345186.app2

(6) Gaddey HL, Riegel

AM. Unexplained
Lymphadenopathy:
Evaluation and
Differential Diagnosis.
Am Fam Physician.
2016 Dec 1;94(11):896-
903. PMID: 27929264.

(7) In Kacmarek, R. M.,

In Stoller, J. K., In
Heuer, A. J., In
Chatburn, R. L., & In
Kallet, R. H. (2017).
 Egan's fundamentals of
respiratory care.

Maximized view of Pathophysiology of gastroenteritis.