The Fundamental Rights of citizens of India are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution.

These
rights are considered essential for the overall well-being and dignity of individuals, and they provide
protection against arbitrary actions by the government. As of my last knowledge update in
September 2021, here are the key Fundamental Rights guaranteed to citizens of India:
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14-18):
• Article 14: Equality before the law and equal protection of the law.
• Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of
birth.
• Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.
• Article 17: Abolition of "untouchability."
• Article 18: Abolition of titles except military and academic.
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22):
• Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, expression, assembly,
association, movement, and residence.
• Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offenses.
• Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
• Article 21A: Right to education (added by the 86th Amendment Act).
• Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24):
• Article 23: Prohibition of trafficking in human beings, begar, and other forms of forced labor.
• Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28):
• Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
• Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
• Article 27: Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
• Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in
educational institutions.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30):
• Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities.
• Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32):
• Article 32: Right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
The Fundamental Duties of citizens of India are outlined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution,
specifically in Article 51A. These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976 to
emphasize the responsibilities of citizens towards the nation and society. As of my last knowledge
update in September 2021, here are the Fundamental Duties of citizens of India:
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the
National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India,
transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities, and to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife, and
to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
It's important to note that these Fundamental Duties are not legally enforceable through the courts,
unlike Fundamental Rights. However, they serve as a moral and ethical guideline for citizens to
contribute positively to the nation's progress and development. Since my information is based on the
state of affairs as of September 2021, I recommend checking the latest official sources for any
updates or changes that may have occurred since then.