Globalization and the Challenges of Public

Administration
 Haroon A. Khan

Globalization and the

Challenges of Public
Administration
Governance, Human Resources Management,
Leadership, Ethics, E-Governance and Sustainability
in the 21st Century
Haroon A. Khan
Henderson State University
Arkadelphia, Arkansas, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-69586-0    ISBN 978-3-319-69587-7 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69587-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017958854

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 Acknowledgements

I would like to recognize the love and affection of my wife, son, and
daughter in the writing of the book. My nine-year-old daughter kept
telling me, “Dad, you are a writer.” It was very inspiring for my writing.
My son is always inspiring to me. I would like to express my sincere thanks
to Michelle Chen, my editor at Palgrave Macmillan, for accepting the
proposed research. I would also like to acknowledge the help of John
Stegner, editorial assistant at Palgrave Macmillan, for his continuous help
and support during the writing of this book. I would recognize my
deceased parents, and my brothers and sisters, especially Kamal Uddin
Ahmed Khan, for their life-long support for my education.

v
 Contents

1 Introduction   1

2 Governance, Public Administration, and the Challenges

of Globalization   5
Governance and Public Administration   5
Globalization   8
Globalization of Demands   9
Openness and Transparency  10
Innovation  11
Development of ICT  12
Movement of Capital  12
The Rise of Civil Society  13
The Expansion of Trade  14
Outsourcing  14
Challenges of Regulating Multinational Corporations/
Transnational Corporations  15
Exploitation of Labor  15
Environmental Degradation  16
Social Problems  16
Terrorism  17
Job Insecurity  17
Health Problems  18
Interdependence or Dependency?  18
Cultural Imperialism  20

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Dominance of the International Financial Institutions  20

Global Value Chain  21
Globalization and the Challenge of Network Governance  21
Interactions and Complexity  22
Risk Management  22
Public Enterprises  23
Comparative Perspective  24
Government Effectiveness  24
Public–Private Partnership  25
Performance Management  25
Capacity Building and Challenges  26
References  27

3 Globalization and Human Resources Management

in the Public Sector  33
Definitions of Human Resources Management (HRM)  33
The Challenges of Recruitment  34
Loss of Prestige in Government Employment  35
Loss of the Tenure System  37
Demand for Accountability  38
Compensation  39
Public Service Ethics  41
Retention  42
Retirement  42
Decentralization  43
Productivity/Performance  44
Motivation  46
Technology and Training  47
Implement a Change Culture  49
Democracy in Human Resource Management in the Public Sector  51
Procedural Justice  51
Challenges of Participation  52
Strategic Planning and Human Resource Management  53
The Challenge of Cultural Competence  54
Diversity  56
Inequality  58
Erosion of the Social Contract  58
Spreadable Diseases  59
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Protection of Whistle Blowers  60

Conclusion  60
References  61

4 Globalization and Leadership Challenges  69

Leadership Theories  71
Which Type of Leadership?  74
Strategic Leadership  74
What Kinds of Leadership Skills?  76
Participative Leadership  78
Adaptive Leadership  78
Cultural Competence and Leadership  79
Transformational Leadership  82
Moral and Ethical Leadership  84
Organizational Culture and Leadership  85
Public Goods and Leadership  86
Leadership Training  86
Partnership, Collaboration, and Leadership  87
Crisis Leadership  88
References  92

5 Ethics and Accountability and the Challenges 101

Utilitarianism 103
Communitarianism 103
Altruism 104
Globalization and Accountability 104
Political Accountability 105
Bureaucratic Accountability 105
Personal Accountability 106
Professional Accountability 106
Ethics for Good Governance 107
Globalization and Corruption 108
Ethics in Contracting 110
Privatization Movement and Ethics 111
Corruption and the Status Quo 113
Corruption and Violence 113
Moral/Ethical Leadership 114
Challenges of Maintaining Privacy 116
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Organizational Politics and Ethics 117

Ethical Decision-Making 118
Challenges of Discrimination and Prejudice 119
Ethical Climate 119
Fairness 121
Justice 122
Integrity 123
A Code of Ethics 123
Global Ethics 123
Dependent Variable 127
Independent Variables 127
References 129

6 The Challenges of E-Governance in Public Administration 135

Improvement in Efficiency 137
Transparency and Accountability 138
Participation and E-Democracy 139
Flexi-Time/Flexi-Place 142
Reduction of Paperwork 143
Reduction of Costs 143
Security 144
Privacy of Information 145
Bureaucracy 145
Human Connections 146
Must Be Citizen Centered 147
Social Media 148
The Challenges of Local Government 149
The Reduction of Corruption 150
E-Governance and Trust 151
Training and Learning 152
Leadership and E-Governance 153
Building E-Governance Capacity 153
Dependent Variable = E-Governance 154
Independent Variables 155
References 156
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7 Globalization and Sustainability 161

What Is Sustainability? 163
The Evolution of Environment Policy 164
Consequences of Climate Change 167
Planning and Policy-Making 168
Developing the Mission on Sustainability 169
Institutional Capacity 170
Cooperation Between the Public and Private Sectors 171
Urban Structure 172
Leadership and Sustainability 172
Ideological Divide 173
International Collaboration 175
International Trade and Sustainability 176
Equity and Environmental Justice 177
Openness 179
Environmental Impact Analysis 179
Population Control 180
Regulations of Multinational Corporations 180
Public Procurement 181
Integration of Information and Decision-Making 182
Democracy and Participation 182
Dependent Variable = Environmental Performance Index 183
Independent Variables 183
References 185

8 Conclusion 193

Appendix 195

Index 199
 List of Tables

Table 5.1 Regression analysis of corruption perception index and

globalization (Dependent = Corruption) 127
Table 5.2 Regression analysis of CPI with globalization and
e-governance (Dependent = Corruption) 128
Table 6.1 Regression analysis of e-governance with globalization
(Dependent = E-Governance) 155
Table 7.1 Regression analysis of EPI and globalization (Dependent =
EPI)184
Table 7.2 Regression analysis of EPI with globalization and CPI
(Dependent = EPI) 185
Table A.1 Top ten countries based on EPI 195
Table A.2 Top ten least corrupt countries 196
Table A.3 Top ten countries in globalization 196
Table A.4 Top ten countries in e-governance 197
Table A.5 Top ten countries in renewable energy resources 197

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