National Taiwan University - Calculus 2 for Class 01-12

Worksheet 2 : Applications of Integration

Name: ft $4 &} ID:

B 1190 1153 Department: -9¥ 4€

Arc Length.
The concepts of the method of Riemann Sum and integration are both directed at measuring total accumulation.
The length of a curve can be described as the total length of a combination of short curves. Any smooth curve that
p
is short enough would look like a line segment, and the length would be approximately (dx)2 + (dy)2 . Thus we
can get an arc length formula if we integrate the expression.

The Arc Length Formula for Graphs: Consider the graph y = f (x). If f 0 is continuous on the closed interval [a, b],
then the length of y = f (x), a  x  b, is
s 
Sds =/ Cd✗THdñ =/ ¥j it .
dx Z b p Z b
dy
2
L= 1+ [f 0 (x)]2 dx = 1+ dx.
dx
=/Gyp -11 .

dy a a

A further application of the arc length formula lies in the arc length function defined by
Z xp
s(x) = 1 + [f 0 (t)]2 dt.
a
The length function is useful in finding out the exact point you would arrive at after travelling for a fixed distance.

Exercise 1. Find the exact length of the curve

x3 1
y= + , 1  x  2.
3 4x

dy
it
"
= ×
d-✗

11+1%4,5 =/ It hi
-

¥)
'
=

Itai

↳ Ji *+
ix. dx =

six * ×
-
'

i =

§ ¥ fit
-
=

%, *

1
 Exercise 2. Find the exact length of the curve

y = ex , 0  x  1.

I "
loaf )
.
'
=

/ It e
"

Silke "
dx ≤
Jeanie secf-s.ec Tan f
'D
do

tanf
gtañle
)
Let e' =
,
.
do dd -
Sino
snoopy
=

¥
ei.dx-se.io do
Jeani¥ e
]
,
DO
d✗=sei0dO
=

siiowsno
tant

geantcel
I
a.
DO
% (1-050) cos't
E

Exercise 3. Consider the curve

2p 3
y= x , 1  x  4.
3
(a) Find the exact length.
(b) Find the length function s(x). Does it have an inverse?
(c) Find an interval for x where the exact length of the corresponding curve is equal to 1.

dy =
Tx
SIX)=§ [ CHXJÉ (1+1)%1=1 -

d-
✗

f.
"
I" 4-1×7-3=3+252
↳
dx.fi#xdx
=
5
"

,
/ Hx -
deux)
✗
=

(23-+252)%-1 *

§ ( H✗)É
4
= .

=
IIIs IT ) -

=
13-1-5 -

% *

(b)
sci-fi / He d-l-ojli-it.li/I=FIc+xF3-lHDEf For a function to has inverse function

± -
£
inverse
51×1 ≤
Jux so when × ≥ -1 ( bijection ) *EJ¥f *, EEK
onto

sad is
strictly increasing when ×≥ -1

SAD is on -

to
-

one on ✗ 2-1

:
I ≤✗ ≤ 4 i.
six has inverse function
 Average Value and Center of Mass.
Finding the average value of a function is a natural topic in many real world scenarios. It is important to remember
that a clear domain must be given before an average can be computed.

The average value of the function f over the interval [a, b] is

Z b
1
f (x) dx.
b a a

The center of mass of an object with a given density function is the average position of all point masses. We treat
the whole object as a system and we use the moment of the system about the origin to find the center of mass. For
a pipe-like object that covers the interval [a, b] of a given density ⇢(x), the mass equals
Z b
m= ⇢(x) dx
a
and the position of its center of mass equals
Z b
1
x= x⇢(x) dx.
m a

Exercise 4.
(a) Find the average value of f (x) = 25 x2 on the interval [0, 2].
(b) Find all values of c in the interval [0, 2] such that f (c) is equal to the average value.

[91

'

b- a Jab -51×1 DX =

2-10 [ 128 -
×
'
) DX -

÷ (25×-5×3) ? =

-1150 F)
- =

F- *

(b) 51×1=25 *-
=
¥ C-
4

} E- ±
¥
2
:c C- [0,2 ] :
[ =

-13 *

3
 1
Exercise 5. Find the mass and the center of mass of a steel pipe with density function ⇢(x) = over the
p 1 + x2
interval [0, 3].

M
got '*d✗ tan"H) F
-
= = -
O -
[mass )
µ *

MI
=)? × .

*×
'
.
-

dxiz-lnkx.li?=i-lln4-ln1)=ln2

COM :
MI =

9¥ 3%2 .

Exercise 6. (Optional) Prove the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals : if f is continuous on [a, b], then there exists
c in [a, b] such that
Z b
1
f (x) dx = f (c).
b a a
Interpret this result geometrically.

* FTC I :
fix is cts
Lee Glx)
=)? 5- ctsde
Full -
Si -51-4 dt is dit
Then GCN is differentiable on [ a, b] for ✗ c- Iasb )

Applying MVT ,
7- C f I a. b) St .

Glb) -

Gla) =
G' (c) I b-a)

That is Sab -51^1)d× fish)dx= -

-514 ( b- a)

Jab said
-

b- a
=
-5 (c)

In
geometric sense , Sab -5 dx is the area bounded by the x-axis and Sid

514lb a)
rectangle with height
the of
is 914
length a)
-

area a
,
lb -

With 1h find number the

, we can a c s:L . area under tix) equals to Flatts a)
-