Ch 20 :

charges 4 Forces
Long Range Repulsive Force : force requiring no contact between 2 identical objects that have been charged
in the same
way
charging an Electroscope
Electric Force :
force between charged objects
Neutral Object :
has equal amounts of Ct) & C I
-

charges

-n
Charge Model Part I
-
•

Charging is when frictional forces such as rubbing and a

charge or remove it from an object
•
Neutral objects have equal amounts of Ct) da t) charges
°

Rubbing process charges the objects by transferring charge from one to another ,
the objects
acquire equal but opposite charges
A conserved
charge is
•

conductors : materials through or along which charges easily moves ( metal )

Insulators : materials on or in which charges remains fixed ( glass 4 plastic)

* both can be charged ,

they differ in the ability of charge to move

charge Polarization :
slight separation of the

positive da negative charge in a neutral object

when a charged object is brought near

-
the polarization force between a charged
object 4 a neutral one is
always attractive

charge ( g) or ( Q1 unit : Coulomb ( C)

Particle Mass 1kg) charge cc) e : fundamental charge -

the magnitude
of the charge of an electron or proton
" ' 9
Proton 1.67 1.60×10
-

10
-

× te -
-

Electron 9.11×10
- "
-

e e
-

1.60×10
-
'9
e = 1.60 × 10-9 C

20.3 :
Coulomb's Law
Fonz F. 1119.11 14=8.99×109 electrostatic constant
Njzm
= =
←
on ,
2
p

Fiona Fonz
•
Fiona

'g⑦T
To
2%08't 2
negative ① opposite on
•
92 Charges qz Charges eggs
Fzon Elon I ⑤ Fun ,

91
Afg ,
Afg ,
 20.3 -

Adding electric forces in one dimension

Two +
toric charged particles are 2.0cm apart on the x-axis .
What is the nett force on a + 1. Onc charge
midway between them ? What is the net force if the charged particle on the right is replaced by
IOnc
a
charge ?
-

F. ,
Fi
on

Fon
g) b)
ons , → F net
+ 8-0+-6 t
ta as
→ "

Fnet F, Fa Fnet 2E
9'
-
, →
-
t -0 9. 93 9' Frons =
on ,
-

on , on , # ,
# xccml
l Z l
O O 2

Fret -
- O
* the magnitude of the force is given by
20.4 -

Adding electronic forces in 2 D

-

Coulomb 's Law the force due to

, a. Is
Three charged particles wig ,
= -
SON a.
=
-150N
kl9.lt#
,

{ g, +30 NC What =
is the net force . on charge as F, on ,
=

due to the other two charges ? r?.

9. i -
sonic 5.0cm .
5.0cm = (9. Ox 104N o
Myc )) ( '
10×10-94 (1.0×10-4)
a-Ha 92=+50 no
-

① , ④ distance from q , to g , is 10.010Mt '

150cm
i the same as a to a, . so,
" "
9.0×10 N 9.0×10 N due to ga
- -

= t a-
as one -

p -
- ✓ (5.0cm ) ' t
(5.0cm)
'

'
1.8×10 N
-

=
to the right
r -
-
7.07cm

'
Fc
kl9j!l9#
-

on ,
=
= 2.7×10 N

↳ Magnitude

(Fa
'

N) COS 450 )× (2.7×10-3 N) cos

' '
(F 3) (2.7×10 -1.9 45=-1.9×10 N
-

10 N
- -

= -
= × = -

, on × on ,

F.
'
(2.7×10 N) sin 45
'
) ly N)
' '
(2.7×10
-

1.9×10 N ( F. 45=-1.9×10 N
- - -

= =
cos
-
=
on , on,

' '
Next add components of force F, (F. 3) ( F. ), 1.9×10 N 1.9×10 N
-

net
-

: = + = - -

, on × on ,

-
'
= -

3.8×10 N

F ,
=
3.8×10
'
N ,
-
x direction F
,y= (Fi on , ly t (F , on
.ly =
1.9×10 N
- '
-
1.9×10 N
-
'
=
O

20.5 -

Comparing electric 4 gravitational forces

A small plastic sphere is charged to
-

lone .
It is held 1.0cm above a small glass bead at rest on a
table .
The bead has a mass of 15mg 4 a charge of + lone Will the glass bead leap up " to the sphere ?
.
"
 a
F-
Calculate
9•
:

a 91 + 4rC
Find electric force

/ f@
Charge
/EFbya.o
on a

And electric force an g , by g. da a,

+
ync
F"
=kl9f#
8M 92

19.oxloan.fi#4C)@@-3rC
q ,
=
92 = 4 nc Fa ,
=

5 MZ
'

3rC no
q, used pathagorean theorem
-
=

a-
1312
-

-
Sm 6M F- 0.005754N a-
magnitude
1213=8m to find ( ¥)
'

angle take tan

-

tant =
I ?

Negative Positive
Fon
"
370
'
5.75
°
5.75×10 sin 37 10
-

2
x
cos
l
by
0.00575N @ 37
°
W of N = -
3.46×10-3 = 4.40×10-3

Font by 3 Negative
calculate 1¥10 @
-
'
-

900 O -
1.69×10-3
magnitude
Resultant
• Fon l by 243
-
3.46×10
"
2.91 × 10-3
'

4¥10 @ 40-oabovea.fi;

The field Model describes how charges interact

i. Source charges ( a group of charges) alters the space around them by creating an electric field

2 . If another charge is then placed in this electric field ,

It experiences a force F
by the field

Comparingfields
Electric fields Gravitational Fields
constant
a-
gravitational
F Fg=
Gmbymonp
kGby9on_
=

2
p2

F
(Krag) gon f
(Gtnby) mon
-
=
-

F- Egon F
g mon
= =

La 9.8 I
kg

Finding Electric Field ( always @ a location)

at a point in the electric field line you use

Electric Field lines tangent line

* field lines cannot cross

*
tangent toelectric field
line is the electric field vector

electric field is created by

*

charges field lines start

-

on Ct)
charge & end on
C-I charg

spacing indicates strength

*

closer =
stronger
 weak
net

If
to -

constant
so

strong 's

W
W

S
S
+ -

Forces 4 Torques in an Electric field

Gel Electrophoresis

Ex .
An electric field E = ( 200,000¥ , right) causes the 2-
Og ball to hang at an angle what is f?

F -
-

Eg calculate Force by Electric Field

E =
E F = (200,000 E) ( 25×10-9 C)
9on
F- =
0.005N
E
kgbyr
=

.
Calculate the Weight force

←
no W = ( 0.002kg) ( 9.8 Eg)
'

W -
-
0.0196N
nabyeiea.n.ae.

a Force x -

component y component
-

Weight O -
0.0196N
-

T ✓ to F
'
( 0.01961
'
-
- - 0051 t
by field
1- 0.005N O

T = 0.0202 N tension -
Tx +
Ty
Sino 0-00511 0=14.33 EF EF
Max may
-
- = =

0.0202N
O
-
-
0.005N Tx -
O =
Ty -
0.0196N
F- 0.0202N @ 760 N of W
T Tx =
-0.005N Ty = 0.0196N
didn't ask for this angle but this is
another way to write it

Ex .
What is the magnitude da direction of the electric force on charge A?
1.Onc -
I. Onc 4. Once s

a ④ b ① c ④
0
E-
l90xl09N.fi?ofml.OxlO-9lll.OxlO#=t9.Oxl0- left

Net force = O

a#o

Fca Fba
* A force between 2 particles depends on the charge on each of them da distance between

Electrostatic force
2charg.es#
* must have

Electric field
only can have one

10-6

klg.gr/p2F--l9.O0xl09/ll.62xlO-#
Q = 1.62 x C d =
1.53 m f =

= 6228N ←
magnitude to find magnitude of e
-

multiply by e
( 1.83M12