Mathematics (wwwtiwarlacademy.com) (chapter 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.1) (Class 11) Question 1: Which of the following are sts? justify your answer. (The collection ofall the months ofa year beginning with the letter. (Gi) The collection often most talented writers of india (Gi) A eam of eleven bes-cricket batsmen of the world, (Gv) The coflecion ofall boys your clas () The collection a all natural numbers less than 100. (i Acolection of novels written by the writer Munshi Prem Chand, (Wi) The collection of al even integers. (iif) The collection of questions inthis Chapter. (Gx) A collection of most dangerous animals ofthe world, answer t: (0 The collection ofall months ofa year beginning with the eter isa well-defined collection of objects because one can definitely identify a month that belongs to this collection. Hence, this collection isaset. (id) The collection often most talented writers of Indias nota well-defined collection because the criteria for determining 3 writer's talent may vary from person to person, Hence, this eolection is nota set. (ii) A team of eleven best cricket batsmen ofthe world is nota well-defined collection because the eiteria for determining 3 batsman's talent may vay fom person to person. Hence this collection is nota set. (iv) The collection ofall boysin your cassis a well-defined collection because you can definitely identity a boy ino belongs to this collection. Hence, his collection isa set (2) The collection of all natural numbers less than 100 is 2 well-defined collection because one can definitly identify a number that belongs to this collection. Hence, this collection is aset. (6) A collection of novels written by the writer Munshi Prem Chandi a well-defined collection because one Can definitely identifya book that belongs to this collection Hence, this collection isaset. (ii) The collection ofall even integers isa well-defined collection because one can definitely identify an even Integer that belongs to this collection Hence this collection is ase (il) The collection of questions inthis chapter isa well-defined collection because one can definitely identify a question that belongs to this chapter, Hence, this collection isa set. (Gx) The collection of most dangerous animals ofthe world is nota wellfefinedcolletion hecause the criteria for determining the dangerousness of an animal can vary fom person to person. Honco, this collection isnot ast Question 2: Let A= (1,2,3,4,5,6}-Insertthe appropriate symbol € or @ the bank spaces: 5.4 G8... Gi) 0A yea 20k (i) 100.4 EAnswer2: (sea cnsea ci oe Guten W2eA (i084 vo tinaiacadeny com A Fre wh support ineMathematics (vewsetiwartacademy.com) (coapter = 1 (Sets) Exereee 11) (Cass 11) Question 3: Write the following sets in roster form: (A= (e:xisanintegerand-3 4 Bates ‘brary. April June. September. November) Question 6: Match each ofthe seton the left in the roster form with the same set onthe right described in set-builder form: 0.2.3.6 (a) (x: xisa prime number and a divisor of 6) 2.3) (6) (c:scisan odd natural number less than 10) (i) (MATHELCS) (6) (x: xs natural number and divisor of 6) Gv) 0.3.5,7,9), (@) (x: xis, leterof the word MATHEMATICS). answer 6: () All the elements ofthis sot are natural numbers a well asthe divisors of 6 ‘Therefore, (9 matches with (6). (0 Iecan be seen that 2 and 3 are prime numbers: They are also the divisors of. ‘Therefore, i) matches with (2) (ii) Allthe elements ofthis setae letters of the word MATHEMATICS. Therefore, i) matches with (4), (Gv) Allthe elements of this set are odd natural numbers less than 10, Therefore (W) matches with (b) or tvaricademy com A Free web support edacaionMathematics facets (Chapter- 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.2) (Class 11) Question 1: Which ofthe ftlowing ae examples ofthe null et (i) Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2 i) Setofeven prime numbers (Gi) (xsxis a natural numbers, x-<5 andx>7) iv) (y:y sa point common to any two parallel ines) “Answer 1 () Asetof odd natural numbers divisible by 21s a mul set because no odd number is divisible by 2. (ii) Asetofeven prime numbers is nota mul set because 2is an even prime number. (iii) (e: is a natural number, x < 5 and x > 7} is a null set because a number cannot be simultaneously less than Sand greater than 7 9) O:y isa point common to any two parallel line) isa mul set because parallel lines do not intersect. Hence, they have no common point. Question 2: Which of the following sets are finite or infinite (0. The set of months ofa year G0) 1,2.3...9 (i). 2 3,..99, 100) (dv) The set of positive integers greater than 100, {The set ofprime numberslessthan 99 ‘answer 2: (@, The set of months ofa year isa finite set because ithas 12 elements. (i) (1, 2.3.) isan infinite set asithas infinite numberof natural numbers. {li (1,2, 399, 100) isa nite set because the numbers from 1 to 100 are finite in number: {iv) The set of positive integers greater than 100 isan infinite set because positive integers greater than 4100 are infinite in number. (¥) The set of prime numbers ess than 99 is a finite set because prime numbers less than 99 are finite in number. Question 3: State whether each ofthe following sets finite or infinite: (The set oflines which are parallel to the x-axis (Gi) The set of letters in the English alphabet (Gi) The set of numbers which are multiple of 5 (Gv) The ser of animaisiiving on the earth {p) Tesetor eres pasing through thoi (20) ‘Answer 3: (The set oflines which ae parallel to the x-axis isan infinite set because lines parallel to the s-axis are infinite in number. (di) The set of letters in the English alphabet isa finite set because it has 26 elements (Gi The set of numbers which are multiple of 5 isan infinite set because multiples of 5 are infinite in number. (0) The set of animals living on the earth sa fnite set because the number of animals living on the earth isfinite although its quite a big number) (8) The set of circles passing through the origin (0, 0 is an infinite set because infinite numberof eircles can pass through the origin,Mathematics (ormeatwariacademycom) (Chapter 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.2) (Glass 11) Question 4: Inthe following, state whether A = B or not @ A=(a,bcd) .c,b.a) (W) A=(4.8,12, 16) 8,4,16, 18) (iiDA = (2,4, 6,8, 10) xis positive even integer and x < 10) iv) A= (x: xisa multiple of 10}, B= (10, 15,20, 25, 30,...) ‘Answer 4: W) A= (abcd) B = (d,c,b.a} ‘The order in which the elements ofa set are listed isnot significant. 2A=B (i) 4 = (4,8,12,16); B = (8,4,16,18) Itcan be seen that 12 € A but 12 € B. ASB (DA = (2,4,6,8,10) B= {x xisa positive even integer and x< 10} = {2,4,6,8, 10} 2A=B Civ) A= (exis a multiple of 10} B=[10, 15,20, 25, 30 .} Itcan be seen that 15 € B but 15 € A. AeB Question 5: {Are the following pair of sets equal ? Give reasons. B= (x: xissolution ofx? + 5x +6=0} B={y: yisaletterin the word WOLF} Eanswer (0 A= 2,3}; B= (exis asolution of e? + 5x +6 = 0} ‘The equation x? + 5x +6 = 0 can be solved as: x(x +3) + 2(x +3) 3 + 2G +3) = 0 9x ==2or A= (2,3), B= (22,3) AsB (i)A= (exis aleter in the word FOLLOW) ={F, 0,1 W) _yis aletter inthe word WOLF}= (WO, LF} ‘The order in which the elements of a set are listed isnot significant. “A=B Question 6: From the sets given below, select equal sets: A=(2,4,8,12), 1,2,3,4), C=(4,8,12,14), 3,142) = {0,4}, G= 0-1), ={0,1} 1.2.3.4), C= (4,8,12,14) SASBASDASEASEASGASH Also, 2€4,2€¢ A#CMathematics (wwwtiarlacademy.com) (Chapter 1 (Sets) (Exercise 1.2) 3€B3EC,3E63EF3¢G,3EH #CB#E BSE BEGBSH I2€G12€D,12EB 12ER 12 1ZEH 2C#D,C#EC#RC#GCHH FED AER SEF, 406,4EH sD#E,D#RD*GDFH Similarly, E#F,E#G,E*H,F*G,F2H,G ‘The order in which the elements of a set: Dand E Hence, among the given sets, B= (Class 11)Mathematics fae ieeniaeise (Chapter 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.3) (Glass 11) Question 1: ‘Make correct statements by filing in the symbols € or ¢ in the blank spaces: () (2,3,4)..-11,2,3,45) W) (2be).b il): xisa student of Class X1 of your school}..{x: xstudent of your school} (iv) (x:xisa cirle in the plane)... + x sa cirele in the same plane with radius 1 unit) (@) (exis triangle ina plane)... (« + isa rectangle inthe planc) (vi) (x:xisan equilateral triangle ina plane)... {x + x isa triangle in the same plane} (vi) (x: xisan even natural number}... +x is an integer} answer 1: @ 2.3,4)6(1,2,3,4,5) (i) {abc} ¢ (bed) (Gil) (r+ isa student of Class XI of your school} ¢ (x: xstudent of your school} (iv) (+ xis a circle fn the plane} « (x: xis acide in the same plane with radius 1 unit) (v)_ (e+ xisatriangle ina plane} ¢ (x: xis rectangle in the plane} (vi) (+ xisan equilateral triangle ina plane} ¢ (x; xisa triangle in the same plane} (ii) (x + xisan even natural number) & (x: xis an integer) Question 2: Examine whether the following statements are true or false: @ (ab) € {ba} Gi). {ae} € (x: xis vowel inthe English alphabet) Gil) (1.2.3) © (1,35) (iv) {a} ¢ {a,b,c} () (a) € (ab,c) {P(e isanevennatralnumberesthan 6} & (x: xs natural umber which dives 36) Answer 2: (False Each element of (a,b) fs also an element of, ¢, 4). Gi) True. q,e are two vowels of the English alphabet. (Gi) Fatse.2 € (1,2,3}; however, 2 € (13,5) (iv) True. Each element of {a} is also an element of {a,b,c}. (0) False. The elements of {a,b,c} are a,b,c. Therefore, (a) < (@,b,¢) (1) True. (x.ris an even natural number less than 6) = (2,4) {x+ x isa natural number which divides 36} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36) Question 3: Let A= { 1, 2, (3, 4},5 }. Which of the following statements are incorrect and why? MBH Wedges GW (ACA Gyiea Wica wy asjea (win (4,2, 5)€4 (vin) (2,2,3) 4 ix) HEA waged Giyteica Answer 3: A=(1.2,084),5) (@ The statement (3, 4} € Ais incorrect because 3 € (3, 4}; however, 36A,Mathematics face tele (Chapter- 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.3) (Class 11) (ii) The statement (3, 4} €A is correct because {3, 4} is an element of A. (Gi) The statement ((3, 4)) © Ais correct because (3,4) € (3, 4)) and (3,4) € (Gv) The statement 1¢ Ais correct because 1is an element ofA (0) Thestatement 1¢ As incorrect because an elemento a set can never be a subset of tse (vi) The statement (1, 2, 5) ¢ Ais correct because each element of (1, 2, 5} is also an element of A. (ii) The statement (12,5) € Ais incorrect because (1,2, 5}isnotan element of A (viii) The statement (1, 2, 3} ¢ Ais incorrect because 3 € (1, 2, 3}; however, 3 € A. (ix) The statement € A is incorrect because ¢ is not an element of A. (X)__ The statement © c Ais correct because © is a subset of every set. (ei). Thestatement (9) Ais incorrect ecause @€ (0); however, © €A Question 4: Write down all the subset of the following sets O@ (a) cy (2.3) one Answer 4: (@_ The subsets of {a} are © and (a). (Gi) The subsets of (0, 5} are b, {a}, (0, and {a,b}. {ii The subsets of (1,2, 3) are ® (1), (2), (3), (1,2) (2,3), (1,3) and (1, 2,3), {iv) The only subset of @ is, Questions: Write the following as intervals: @ Gi xe R-4 (@,6,1,0,u) 0 (a,b, 6d} = {a}Mathematics ferences (Chapter 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.5) (Glass 11) Question, Let U=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},A=(1,2,3,4],B=(2,4,6,8) and C= (3,4,5,6). Find @ « Gi) Be Gi) UO! ge) cauy @ @y (w) Oy Here, Oa uy GiAu Givyau ) @y (wp B-c 1, 2,3, 4, §,6,7,8,9}, A= (1,2, 3,4) B= (2, 4,6, 8) and C= (3,4, 5,6) 6}, therefore (A U ©)" 3,4, 6,8}, therefore (AU BY’ 1,2,3,4) 2, 8}, therefore (B= C)' = (1,3, 4,5,6,7, 9} (7,8,9) 629) Question 2: IFU = {a, b, c,d, e, fg, h}, find the complements of the following sets: H) A= (a,b,c) Gi) B=(hef.9) Giye=fa,c.e,9) Oyd=(ha.ha ‘Answer 2: U=({a,bc,d.e, fog} () AZ (a,b,c), therefore a'= (a,e,f.9,n) (il)C= (a,c,e, g} therefore C (Ww) D=(F.g. ha}, therefore Question 3: ‘Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write down the complements of the following sets (0) (x: xisan even natural number) Gil) (+ xisanodd natural number) (iil). (e+ isa positive multiple of 3) (iv) (+ isa prime number) (v) (x= xisanaturalnumberdivisible by3 and 5} (vi)_ {x= xis aperfect square} (vil) (+ isa perfect cube} (vil) (: x +5=8) (i) (1: +5 = 9) @ tern (i) (2 x © Nand2e +1 > 10) answer 3: U=N; Set of natural numbers (Gx is aneven natural number)’ = (x: isan odd natural number) (i) (2 is an odd natural number}’= (2:2 is an even natural number) (ii) {2:2 a positive multiple of 3}'= (x: € Nand xis nota multiple of3) (iv) (2: isa prime numbery’ =[a isa positive composite number and x= 1) (v) {2:2 is anatural number divisible by 3 and 5)’ = (2: Is a natural number that is not divisible by 3 or5} (vi) (xx isa perfect square)’ (vii). {2:2 isa perfect cube} x € Nandx #3} (vill) (x +5 = By (ix) (2x + 5 = 9)'= (are © Nandx # 2) (fer 2 7)'=(ex € Nandxe7) (x) (x © Nand2x +1 > 10)'= {rx © Nand xs 9/2} (x:x € Nand xis nota perfect square} fx:x € Nand xis nota perfect cube}Mathematics (wwwtiwarlacademy com) (Chapter- 1) (Sets) (Exercise 1.5) (Glass 11) Question 4: 1U=(1,2, 7,8,9},A=(2,4,6,8) and B=(2,3,5,7). Verify that @ @uBy=anB aany=auB ‘Answer 4: U=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9),A= (2,4, 6,8} andB=(2,3,5,7} (@ (UBY = (2,3.4,5,6.7,8)'= (1,9) and A’ B= [1,2,5,7,9} 0 (1,4, 6,8,9} = (1.9), therefore (auBy Wan sy = =(.5.4.9,6.7,8,9) ‘A'UB'= (1,3,5,7,9} U (1,4, 6,8, 9} = (1, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10}, therefore (ane Question 5: Draw appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following: @ auBy qa 0B a (AnBY (aun ‘Answer 5: f) (AUBY Gane Question 6: [Let U be the set ofa triangles ina plane. If Ai the set ofall triangles with atleast one angle different from 602, what is A. Eanswer 6: Ais the set of all equilateral triangles. Question 7: Fill inthe blanks to make each ofthe following a true statement: i) AUAT (i) g'na= Gil) AD A= (iy) UnA= ‘Answer @ Auasu (il) @NA=UNA=A,therefore, NA=A GipAna'=o (iv NA=OnA= therefore, UN A=Mathematics (orweatwaracademycom) (Chapter- 1} (Sets) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) Question Decide, among the following set, which sets are subsets of one and another: A= (xi x © Rand xsatisiyx?-Bx + 12 =0), B=(2,4.6), C= (2.4.6.8...) D=(6) answer A=(x? x € Rand ssatistiesx*-Bx + 12=0) Zand 6 are the only solutions of x2-8x + 12 = 0 Ra, 6,8 =(2,4,6), C= (24,6,8.J,D= (6) =DEACBEC Hence, ACB,ACC,BECDCADCBDCC Question 2: In each of the following, determine whether the statement Is true or false. It is true, prove It If its false, givean example. (@ lfxeAand AB, then xe B (il) IFAC Band BEC, then Ae C (ii) IFAC Band BEC, thence (iv) IFA g Band BEC, then Age (v) IfxeAand A €B, then.xeB (DIAC Bande tiene ‘Answer 2: False (1) False Let A= (2,2) and B= {1 (1,2), 33} Let A=(2},B=(0,2}and C= (1, (0,2},3) Now, 2 € (1,2) and (1,2) € ((3}.1, 1,20) ne ici ‘Therefore, AB Bec However, 2€((3).4,(1.2)) ee True ACC LetAc BandBee Gv) False tebe ae 1,2}, B= {0, 6,8} and C= {0,1,2,6, axeB [Since A cB] Accordingly, A Band Be prec {Since BC] Aopen (0) False LetAC Band x€B. LetA=(3,5,7} and B Toshow: x8 A Now,5€ Aand Ae B Mpossible, suppose x€ A However, 5 @B ‘Then, x€B, which is a contradiction as x¢ B (wi) True n2€A Question 3: Let A,B, and Ce the sets such that A U B= AU Cand An B= ANC. Show that B= C. Eanswer 3: 4 B,and Che the sets such that AUB =AU Cand ANB ‘To Show: B=C letxeB>xeAUB — [BCAUB] Sreauc [auB=auc) Sr € Aorx EC ac.Mathematics (orweatwariacademycom) (Chapter- 1} (Sets) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) Cases xed Aso, xe B Therefore, xeANC [Since AN sare Aand xeC sxeC obec Similarly, we ean show that C€ B. Bac ng Question 4: ‘Show that the following four conditions are equivalent: i) ACB (i) A-B=@ Gi) AUB ‘Answer 4: First, we have to show that (I) = (i). LetAcB Toshow: A-B4o Ifpossible, suppose A-B# ‘This means that there exists x€ A, x B, which Is not possibleas Ac B. A-B=o eACBaA- Let A-B=@ Toshow: Ac B Let xe A Clearly, € B because if € B, then A~ B+ A-B=O=ACB 22 W) LetAcB Toshow: AUB=B Clearly, BC AUB Let xe AUB ve AorxeB Case: xe A Sxen [sacs] ‘Therefore, AUB B Case I: v€ B, then AUB Conversely, let AU B=B Let xe A > xcAUB [SinceACAUB] = xe [Since A UB = B] ‘Therefore, Ac B Hence, (i) © (il) ‘Now, wwe have to show that (I) © (iv) Let ACB Clearly AN BCA Let rea We have to show that x€ An B ASACB,xeB (iv) ANB=AMathematics (orweatwaracademycom) (Chapter- 1} (Sets) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) xEANB = ACANB Hence, A= ANB Conversely, suppose An B= A LetxeA | =xeAnB = xe Aand xe B axes ACB Hence, (D + (iv). Question 5: Show that ifA CB, then C- Be C~A. Eanswer 5: LetAcB Toshow: C-BEC-A LetxeC-B => xeCandxeB SxeCandy€A [ACB] SxeC-A 2€-BEC-A Question 6: Show that for any sets A and B, A=(ANB)U(A~B)and AU (B~ answer 6: ‘To show: A= (ANB) U(A~B) LetxeA We have to show that x € (A NB) U (A~ B) Case xe AB, then, x € (A 1B) c (AUB) U (A-B) Case Ilx€ AN Bthen,x € Aorx € B ox € Ble ¢ A] x €@A- Bc (AUB) U (A- 8) 2 Ac (AN BU (AB) (1) It is clear that: AM Be Aand (A-B) CA 2 (ANB) UB) CA From (1) and (2), we have, A Toprove:AU(B-A)CAUB Let x€ AU (B-A) 3x € Aorx € (B-A) = x € Aor(x © Bandx € A) > (x € Aorx € B)and(x € Aor € A) = xe (AUB) Au(B-A)c (AUB) @ Next, we show that (AUB) € AU (B~ A), Lety €AUB Sy € Ary eB = (y €AoryeB) and (y € Aory € A) =y € Aor(veBand yé A) sy €AU(B-A) sAUBCAU(-A) (4) Hence, from (3) and (4), we have, AU (B-A)= AUB. = (AUB).Mathematics (orweatiwariacademycom) (Chapter- 1} (Sets) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) Question Using properties of ses, show that: @) AU(ANB)=A GAN (AUB)=A. ‘Answer 7: (@ Toshow:Au(AnB)=A We know that Aca Anbea AU(ANB)CA = (D Also, AC AU (ANB) » (2), From (1) and (2),AU (ANB) =A (i Toshow: An (AUB) =A AN (AUB) =(ANA)U(ANB) =AU(AND)=A {From (D) Question 8: Show that A B= An Cneed not imply’ answer Let A= (0,1), B= (0,2,3}, and: Accordingly, An B= (0} and An Here, ANB =AN C= (0) However, BC [2 € B and 2 € C] Question 9: Let Aand B be sets. IAA (Hints A= An (AUX), Eanswer 9: [Let Aand B be two sets such that AN X= B NX=fand AUX = BUX forsome set X. ‘Toshow: A=B Itcanbe seen that: A=A (AUX) =An (BUX) [Aux=BUX] (AB) U (AX) [Distributive law] BOX=¢ and AUX= BUX for some set X, show that BA (BUX) anduse Distributive law). =A) Now, B=B BUX) (AUX) [AUX=BUX| BMA) U (BAX) [Distributive aw) BNA)U®[BNX=0] nA=AnB S@ ence, from (1) and (2), we have A= B. Question 10: Find sets A, B and C such that A 9 B, Bn Cand A.M Care non-empty sets and AN BAC= . Eanswer 10: Let A= (0, 1}, B= (1,2), and C= (2,0) Accordingly, A B= {1}, BA C={2},and An C= {0}. 2 ANB, BNC, and ANC are non-empty. However, ANBNC=0Mathematics (Chapter 2) tations ad Functions} (Exercise 2.1) (Class 11) Question 1: wGei9-3-G Question 2: Ifthe set A has 3 elements and the set B = (3, 4, 5), then find the number of elements in (AxB). Answer 2: Number of elements in/A Number of elements in B= 3 Number of elements in A x B = (Number of elements in A) x (Number of elements in B) = 3 x 3 =9 anc, the umber ot sleresSt A313 and setB = (3,4,5}, Question 3: 6G = (7. and = (5.4,2),ind GH and Hx 6 €.Answer 3: G = (7.8) and H = (4,2) Therefore, Gx H ={(7,5), (7,4), (7,2), (8,5), (8,4), (8,2)} and Hx G = (5,7), (5,8), (4,7), (4,8), (2, 7), (2,8) Question 4: State whether each ofthe following statement are true or fils, Ite statement fle rewrite the given sextemen ore (@ IFP = (am, n) and Q = {x m), then P XQ = (Cm, 2), (a, m)). {49 and are non-empty sets, then Ax Bisa non-empty setof ordered pairs (x) such that x6 A and y eB Gi) If A = (1, 2}, B = (3,4), then 4 x (B10 $) =o. €. Answer: (9 Fase? ~ fm} apd. @ ~ freshen Px Q— fC Gi) True (uy True nm. Comm), (nd ind) Question s: WA={-1.1), findAx Ax A EAnswer 5: 1 therefore,Ax A= (1,1) (1,1) = (1,-1.0, (1.-0.0.0) and AX AX A= {(-1,~1), (1,1), -1),(,1)) x (=1,1), (-1,-1,-1), (-1,-1, 1), (-1, 1-1), (-11,0), 0 2),0,-1.1),(1,-1),0,0) Avice vob ppt in docton 7Mathematics (Chapter -2) lations ad Functions} (Exercise 2.1) (Class 13) Question 6: WAX B= ((a.2),(@.y)(6,2)(6,9))-Find A and B. answer: AXB=((.2),(4.9).(6.0.,)) (a,b) and B= (x,y) Question 7 Let A= (1.2) Waxwae 1,2,3,4},C = (5,6) and D = (5,6,7,8). Verify that akwnaxe (0) AC sa subset of # x D. 6)and d= (5,6,7,8) WBnC=$ 24x80) =Axe AXB=((1),0.2.0,3,0.),@, AxC=(0,5).(.6, 25,26) (axsa(axc) From the equation (1) and (2), x @ nc) Gi) Axe = (C5), (1,6).2,5),(6))and BxD (1,5). (1, 6),(1,7), (4,8), (2,8), 6), (2.7), (2,8), (3,5). (8, 6),(3,7).(.8). (6,5) (4,6).(8,7).(4,8)) ‘Therefore, A XC isa subset of B * D. Question a: Let A = {1,2} and B = {3,4}. Write A x B. How many subsets will A x B have? List them. Answer 8: Here A = (1,2) ndB = (3,4), ‘Therefore, A x B = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3),(2,4)) Number of lementsin Ax B= 4 ‘Therefore, the numberof subset Subsets ofA 2 » (1, 3)} ACL, AY). (2, 3)}, {C24}, (CL, 3), (1, 49), (4,3), (2,3), {G1,3), 2, 4)},4G. 4), (2, 39}, (1,4), (2, 49), (2.3), (2, 49), (, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (C1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 49), {(1,3), (2,3), (2,49). (41,4), (2.3), (2, 49}, (C1, 3), (1, 4). (2, 3), (2,4) 16 Question Let A and B be two sets such that n(A) =3 and n(B) =2.1f (x, 1), (y, 2),(z, 1) arein A xB, find A and B, where xy and zare distinct elements answer 9: IF (x, 1).612).Cz,Aiesin Ax B, where n(4) = 3andn(B) = 2:then As Gey.2)and B= (2) Question 10: “he Cartesian product A x Aas 9 elements among which are fund (1,0) nd (04) Find the set Aand the Temnaining elements oA A answer 10: (1,0) and (0,1) are in the Cartesian product of Ax A having 9 elements, ‘Therefore, A= (—1,0,1}, AxA= (-1,0,1) x(-1,0,1) = (CL =D,C1.0),(-1,0),0,-1),0,0),0,0,.-0,0,0). 4) swoon simariacademcom A Free web sport in education 2Mathematics (wortaiacademy com) (Chapter -2) (Relations and Functions (Exercses2.2) (Class 11) Question 1 Let A= (1, 2, 3,.~14}. Define a relation R from A to A by R = {(x, y): 3x - y = 0, where x, y € A}. Write down its ‘domain, codomain nd range. Answer t: ‘The relation R from Ato Ais given as ie, ((x,y): 3x =y, where x,y € A). The roster form is given by R= {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)} “The domain of Ris the set of ll frst element ofthe ordered pairsin the relation Domain of R= (1,2, 3,4) “The whole set Als the codomain ofthe relation R Codomainof R= A= (12.3.1) “The range o isthe st ofall second elements of the ordered pars in the relation. «-Rangeat R= (3,6,9,12) (yh da wherexye A) Question 2: Define relation Ron the setN of natural numbers by R= ((xy):y=X-+ 5, xis a natural mamber less than 4; xy EN), Depic this relationship using roster form. Write down the domain and the range. Answer: Re (s.y):y= +5, xis amatural number ess than 4 .y EN} ‘The natural numbers less than 4are 1,2, and 3. R= ((1,6), (2.7).6,8)) “The domain oft is the set ofall first elements ofthe ordered pairs in the relation. 4: Domain of R= (1, 2,3) “The ange of Rs the St fal second elements ofthe ordered pits in the relation + Range of = (6,7,8) Question 3: ‘A= (1,2,3,5) and B= (4,6,9), Define a relation Rom Ato B by R= (xy: the diference between xand y isodd; x€ A, y€B). Write R in roster form. €Answer 3: A= (,2,3,5)and B= (4,6.9) R= {(x,y): the difference between x and y is odd; x € A,y € B) ‘The roster form of R = ((1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 9), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5,4), (5, 6)} Question 4: 2 2 ‘The Figure shows a relationship between the sets P and Q Write this relation (in secbulder form {49 roster form. Whats ts domainand range? Answer 4: According tothe given figure, P= (5, 6,7}.Q= (3.4.5) (9 The set builder form R= (9): =4~2:x€P) OF R= (Cy =X 2rx=5,6,7) (09 The roster form R= (5,3), (6.4) (7-59) Domain of = (5, 6,7} Range of R= (3, 4,5)Mathematics (worn taiacademycom) (Chapter -2) Relations and Functions (Exercses2.2) (Class 11) Question s: Let A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. Let R be the relation on A defined by {(a, b): a, b €A, b is exactly divisible by a}. (Write R in roster form Gi) Find the domain of R {4 Find the range of Answer 5: A= (1,2,3, 4,6}, R= (a,b}:a, € A, bis exactly divisible by a} (The roster form R= {C1 1), (1,2). (1, 3) (1,4), (16), (2,21, (2,4), (2,6), (3.3), (3.6), 4.4), (6,6)) {) Domain of 2,3, 4,0) {ity range of = (1.2.3.4,8) Question 6: Determine the domain and rang ofthe relation R defined by R= (445) (0,1,2,3,4,5) Answer 6: Re ((ox+5):x€ (0, 1,2,3-4,5)) ‘The roster form R = ((0,5), (16) (2,7). (3-8).(4.9). (5,10)} Domain of R= (0,1, 2,3, 4,5) Range of R= (5, 6,7,8,9,10) Question 7: Write the relation R= ((xx°) x18 a prime number les than 10) n roster form. EAnswer7: R= (3): prime number es than 10) ‘The prime numbers ess than 10 ae 23,5, and 7. ‘he roster form R= ((2,8), (3,27), (5, 125),(7,343)) Question 8; Let A= (xy,2} and B= (1,2) Find the number of relation fom Ato 8 Answer 8: itis given that = (x 2} and B= (1,2). = AX B= (C1), (62) G61), 052), (21).(42)) Since {A XB) ~6,the numberof subsets ofA x Bis 2% ‘Therefore, the numberof relations from Ato Bis 2 Question 9: Let Rbe the relation onZ defined by R = {(2,b)-a,b€7,a~ bis an integer) Find the domain and range of R Answers: R= ((a,b):0,b €%a~b isan integer} Tis loown thatthe diflerence between any two integers is always an integer. =: Domain of = Z Range of R ‘wom ivarineademycom A Free web support in education 2Mathematics (wortaiacademy’ com) (Chapter ~2) (Reatlons and Functions) (Exercise 2:3) (Class 11) Question 1: Which ofthe following relations are functions? Give reasons. itis function, determine its domain and range © (2.1), (5,0), (8.1), 11,1), (14.0), 07.0) (ii) (2.1), (4.2), (6,3), (8-4 Gi) {(1,3), (1,5), (2,5)}. Answer 1: (2), (5.1), (6.1), 11.1), (14,1), (17.1) Hece, all elements 2,5, 0,11, 14 and 17 ofthe domain of the relation corresponds to unique image Hence tis elton ya funclon Domain = (25,8, 11.14.17} Range = (1) GH) (2.1), 4.2), (6.3), (8.4), (10,5), (12,6), (14,7)} Here all elements 24, 6,8, 10, 12nd 14 of the domain ofthe relation corresponds to unigue image. Hence, this elation isa function. Domain = (2,4, 6,8, 10, 12,14) Range = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Gi) {C1, 3), (1.5), (2,5), ere, element 1 ofthe domain of the relation corresponds to two differentimages ie, 3 and. Hence, this relation is not function (105), (026),147)) Question 2: Find the domain and range ofthe following real functions: @/@)=-bI (0) f@) == £Answer?: Csiventn: GES, Weknow that I= {1229 ‘Therefore f(x ee Since fle) isdefined for are R, the domain of fis R. For ll the real value of, the value of |x| always remain positive. Therefore, the value of ~[x| always be negative Hence, the rangeis (=,0} Gi) Given that: Fe) = v= For the domain of f,we have, 9~x?20 92x? 3-3O Gi) f(@) = x? + 2,x is a real number. (ii) f() = x,x isa real number. Answer 5: (@ Given that: f(x) = 2 — 3x,x € Rx > 0 ‘The value of f(x) is maximum, if the value of 2 — 3x is maximum, i.e. at the minimum value of x (x = 0). But, Given that > 0 Hence the range off Is (—,2. (0 Given that: f() = x? + 2,x isa real number. The value of f(x) 1s minimum, iFthe value of? 1 2s minimum or when the value of x ts minimum (+ = 0). Hence the range of fis 2:00). (Gly Given that: f(a) = x,x is areal number Ieis lear thatthe range offi the set of all real numbers. Range of fisMathematics (wortariacademycom) (Chapter ~2) Retatons and Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercises) (Class 11) ‘The relation fis defined by, fa) = {5° 9S" 53, ‘Show that fis a function and gis nota function Answer 1: 2 OSes 3sxs10 3,f) = 38=9 orfa) = 3 «3 = 9c, atx=3,/00 ‘Therefore, for 02 10, te imayes of/(e) ave unique, Thus, the yiven ylation fs a function. at OSes Habe 2exs10 Question 1: isc, 22 3r< 10 Itcanbe observed that for x = lx) = 22 = Aand g(x) =3«2=6 Here, element 2of the domain ofthe relation g corresponds to two different images Hence this relation is not a function, and 6, Question 2: on £0.1)- FQ) 1709 = 22.104 ED=LO. Answer 2: Given that f() = 3 Therelore, Question 3: Find he donne function f(s) = 22h answers: Given nat fe) = SE heroore Cee wt ne $0) = Sra Ne 6) Tecan be seen that function fis define forall real numbers excep at r= 6 and x= 2 Hence the domain off R-(2.6), Question 4: Find the domainand the range of the real function Fdefned by f(x) = JED. Answer 4: Given that: f(a) = {@=D, \@=1) is defined forall x > 1. Hence, domain offs [1,.0). Mx 21 then x= 120, therefore, f(x) = Y(e=D 20. Hence, the range offi (0,0). swotivariacademy om A Free web support in education 1Mathematics {worn stariacademycom) (Chapter ~2) Relatlons and Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercises) (class) Question 5: Find the domain and the range of the real function fdefined by f(x) = |x — 11. Answer 5: Given that: f(x) = |=, ‘The given rea function is (x)= bx~ 1 Itis clear that x~ 1] is defined forall real numbers, = Domain of fis. Also, forx€ R [x~ 1] assumes all reat numbers. Hence the range offs the set of al non-negative real numbers. Question 6: eth = (x2 Eanswere: (ae) exen) Given that: lfris areal number, then =; also will postive real number. 16 R} be auton from R nto R, Deen the rang of Here, the denominator (x? + 1) is always greater than numerator (x2), therefore, the value of = will always js much closed to 1 and the minimum value i 0 close to 1 butess than 1.The maximum value of Hence, the range of fis [0,1)- Question 7: Let f,g:R + R be defined, respectively by f(x) =x + 1.g(x) = 2x—3.Find f +8, f — ands. Answer 7: Given that: fg: > Rbe defined, respectively by f(x) = x +1, g(x) = 2-3. f+4=/)+ 4G) = (a+ 1+ @x-3)=3x-2 f= f(x) - eG) = (@ + 1)-@x-3)=-2-4 f_f@) Ger) 773 [aoe f_ @ty 3 a Gra 2 Question 8: Let f = {(1,1),(2,3),(0,—1),(-1,-3)} be a function from Z to-Z defined by f(x) = ax b, for some integers a,b. Determine a,b €Answer 8: Given that: integers a,b. Here, (Ef =/@)=1 s1=a()+b sb=1-a (1) Similarly, (2,3)€f 2 f@)=3 23=a(2)+b 2a+b=3 Putting the value ofb form equation (1), we have {G.1),(2,3), (0,-1),(=1)=3)} be a function from Z to Z defined by f(x) = ax +b, for some 2a+ (=a) =3 stati-a=3 sa=2 Putting the value ofa in equation (1), we have b=1-a=1-2= Hence, a =2 and b swoivariacademy om A Free web support in education 2Mathematics (worn staiacademycom) (Chapter ~2) (Retatlons and Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercises) (class) Question 9: Let Rbe a relation from toN defined by R= ((ab):a,h €N anda = bi) Are the following true? Ga) ER, forallaeNn (i) (a,b) ER, implies (b, a) € R Gi) (a, b) E R, (b,c) € R implies (a,c) ER. Answers: Given that: R= ((0,5):0,b € Nand a = B?) (Here, 3€ W, but 3? =9 + 3, therefore, (a) € Rforalla EN once the statement (8) €R forall N ie not te Gi) Here, 9 Nand 3? =9, therefore, (9,3) ER, And, 3 € N but 9? = 81 # 3, therefore, (3,9) € R, Hence, the statement (a,b) €R, implies (b 8) € Ris not true. (Gi) Here, 61 € W,and 92 = 81, therfore, (81,9) €R, And 9 € N,and3? = 9, therefore, (9,3) €R, And, 3 € N,but 3 = 9 + 81, therefore, (81,3) € 8, Hence, the statement (3b) €R, (b,c) € Rimplies (a,c) € Ris not rue Question 1 Let A=(1.23.4},8=(1559,1.15,16) and f= {(15), (29), (8), (45), (211) Are the following rue? (W fis a relation from Ato B (ii) fis a function from A to B. Justify your answer in each case. Answer 10: Given that:A=(12.34) 11,1516) and f= (15), (29), (3.1), (45), (2.11), therefore, ‘AvcH=((1, 1), (1,5), (L,9), (1, 11), (1,15), (1,16), 2,1), 2,5) 2,9), 214), 2, 15), 2,16), G.1),G,5).B.9),B.19),, 15), (8,16), 4,1). (4,5) (4.9), (4 11) (4,15), (4,16)) (0 Here, the function f is a subset of A x B, hence f Isa relation from Ato B i) Here, element 2 ofthe domain of the relation fcorrespondls to two different images Le, 9 and 1, Hence thisrelation isnot function, Question 11; Let/be the subset of» Zdlefined by f= (ab, a+ b): a, €2)1sfa function from Zo Z? Justify your answer. answer 11: ‘The relation fisdefined as f= {(ab, a+): 4.b €2) ‘We know thata relation ffroma set A toa set Bis said to bea function if every element of set Ahas unique images in et B. Since 1,2,1,-2E% (1 2,14 2) (1 -2,-1+ (-2)) fe, (2.3), 2,8) ef Itcanbe seen thatthe same first element ie, 2 corresponds to two diferent images ie, 3 and 9. Thus, relation fisnot a function. Question 12: Let A= {9, 10, 11, 12, 13} and let f: AN be defined by f(n) = the highest prime factor of n, Find the range of €Answer 12: ‘A= (8 10-11, 12,13} AN is defined as) =The highest prime fictor of Prime actor of9=3 Prime factors of 10= 25 swoivariacadems om A Free web support in education 3Mathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter ~ 2) (Relations and Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercises) Prime factor of 11 =11 Prime factors of 12 =2,3 Prime factor of 13 =13 +9) =The highest prime factor of 9= 3 ‘f(0) = The highest prime factor of 1 {fO11) = The highest prime factor of 11= L1 ‘f02) = The highest prime factor of 12 = 3 ‘f(13) = The highest prime factor of 13 = ‘The range of fis the set ofall (7), «+ Range of = (3,5,11,13) (Class 11)Mathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.1) (Class 11) (Question 1: Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures: @ 25° (ii) 47°30" (iii) 240° (iv) 520° answer 1: (@ Weknow that 180° = x radians ‘Therefore, 25) po % 25 radians = 3% radians Se Hence,25° == radians (i) We know that 180° = m radians . 1 n 95 ets Therefore, ~47°30 mi = FgXF radians = =22 radians Hence, 47°30" = —"" radians (Gi) We know that 180° = r radians ‘Therefore, 240" = 2 x 240 radians Hence 240" =“ radians (Gv) We know that 180° = m radians Therefore, 520° = = x 520 radians = 7S radi erefore, 520° = 7 520 radians = 25" radians 6 Hence,520° = 25" radians Question2: Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures (Use n = % o# Gi) -4 (ai = ty) = answer 2: () We know that radians = 180° i 180 11 Therefore, radians =“ x => degree 15 3 FP degree = 395 degree & 39° “ jinutes = 39° 22s tes +5 minutes = 39° + 225 minutes 9° + 22" +3 x 60" be 19° + 22' +30" = 39°22'30" ul Hence,© radians = 39°22'30" "6Mathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.1) (Class 11) (i) Weknow that radians = 180° 180 1807 Therefore, ~4 radians = —“" x 4 degree x4 degree @ 2520 vol Si dogroe = ~229-% degree — [229° +4 x 60 minutes} [e1° = 60] == eas + 2 ined = 29°45 nae] - [a +5 +4 x60"] be= 604 [229° + 5" +27" = ~229°% 229°8'27" 180° 180. Sx Sn . Therefore, radians =P" degree = 300 degree = 300 00 wince lll rete a eT» 210 27" Hence, ~4 radians (Gil) We know that 1 radians Mence,2 radians = 210" Question 3: ‘A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute, Through how many radians does it turn in one second? Eanswer 3: Number of revolutions in one minute (60 seconds) = 360 ‘Therefore, number of revolutions in 1 seconds ‘We know that the angle formed in one revolutions ‘Therefore, the angle formed in 6 revolutions = 6 x 2xr Hence, it will turn 12m radians in one second, Question 4: Find the degree measure ofthe angle subtended at the centre ofa circle of radius 100 cm by an arc of length 22 em (Use x = 3 Eanswer 4 Here, radius r= 100 cm length ofare = 22 cm Hence usng the elation 6 = fwebave 180x711 2 *50 1 63 3 Therefore, degree = — degree = 123 degree 2° +2 x 60 minutes = 12° + 36 minutes = 12° + 36’ = 12°36" Hence the angle formed by areatthe centre is 12°36Mathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.1) (Class 11) (Question 5: Ina circle of diameter 40 cm, the length of a chord is 20 cm. Find the length of minor arc ofthe chord. Eanswer hore, radias = 2 = 20 em, length ofchord AB = 20 em In tingle OAB, AB = OA=OB = 20cm, hence, the triangle OAB is an equilateral iangle. Therefoe,angle AU = 60 degree = 60 x <%= ™ radians \ ZS Hence using the relations {= @ xr, we have SE Hence teenth of nora ofthe clg 2% cm ‘Question 6: Ifin two circles, arcs ofthe same length subtend angles 60° and 75° at the centre, find the ratio of their radii Eanswer 6: 60" x Here, the angle formed by the are of fist circle 8, = 60° = 60 x =T> = F* radians x _ 75% Angle formed by the arc of second citcle 8 = 75° = 75755 = yay radians Let,the radius of first circle ber, and the second circle be r;. Hence, the ratio of their radi is 5:4. Question 7: Find the angle in radian through which a pendulum swings ifits length is 75 cm and the tip describes anarcoflength (10 cm 0. cm radius of circle r = 75 em (@_ Here, the length of are Length of the pendului Hence, using the relations = 4, we have 102 = 357 jg Tadians Hence, the angle Formed hy pendulum i radiansMathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.1) (Class 11) (@) Here, the length of are |= 15 cm Length ofthe pendulum = radius of circle r = 75 em Hence, using the relations @ = 4, we have @ ==? radians Hence, the angle formed by pendulum is? radians. Gil) Here, the length of are | = 21 cm Length of the pendulum = radius of circle r = 75 cm Hence, using the relations @ o=28=2 radians = Hence, the angle formed by pMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.2) (Class 11) Find the values of other five trigonometric functions in Exercises 1 to 5. Question 1: cosx = ~4,x lies in third quadrant, fanswer 1: sin? x = 1- cos? cosec: [+ xlies in third quadrant and cose is negative in third quadrant] [/+ xlles in third quadrant and sec is negative in third quadrant] [> xlies in third quadrant and tan is positive in third quadrant] [> xliesin third quadrant and cotis positive in third quadrant} ‘Question 2: sinz = 3x lesin second quadrant, Eanswer 2: 25° 25 + lies in second quadrant and cos is negative in second quadrant] ‘Therefore, cosx = { xlies in second quadrant and cosec is positive in second quadrant] [lies in second quadrant and sec is negative in second quadrant} + xlies in second quadrant and ¢an is negative in second quadrant] [ries in second quadrant and cot is negative in second quadrant] Question 3: cots = 2.x liesin third quadrant, Eaanswer 3: : . 28 cose? x beat? = 1+ ( +ETE coseex = —$ [+ xlies in third quadrant and cosec is negative in third quadrant) ‘Therefore, sin x [> x lies in third quadrant and sin is negative in third quadrant} 9 B a 2 aMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.2) (Class 11) [+ xlies in third quadrant and cos is negative in third quadrant] ‘Therefore, cosx [+ xlies in third quadrant and sec is negative in third quadrant] [+ xlies in third quadrant and can is positive in third quadrant] secx = 2x liesin fourth quadrant, Eanswer 4: BL secx = + cosx —— 3m sh? =1-coste = ee Therefore sinx = 12 in fourth quadrant and sin is negative in fourth quadrant] cosee: [+ xlies in fourth quadrant and cosec is negative in fourth quadrant] sinx osx xlles in fourth quadrant and tan is negative in fourth quadrant] cory = 5% Sing [+ xlles in fourth quadrant and cot is negative in fourth quadrant] Question 5: f or 5 Eanswer 5: 2 oi sy 25 _ 169 sera 141s a(-2) SL * xliesin second quadrant and sec is negative in second quadrant] x {[ xliesin second quadrant and cos ts negative in second quadrant] yt _ Mh 25 ) ‘169 169, sin? x = 1 cos? ‘Therefore, sinx [lies in second quadrant and sin is positive in second quadrant] [ xlies in second quadrant and cosec is positive in second quadrant] -xlies in second quadrant and cot is negative in second quadrant]Mathematics Sencha keakantsiel (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.2) (class 11), Find the values ofthe trigonometric functions in Exerdses 6 1010, Eanswer 6: sin 765° = sin(2 x 360° + 459) = sin 45° = f+ sinis positive in first quadrant] Question cocee (~ Eanswer 7: cosec (—1410°) = ~cosec (14410")[» cosec is negative in fourth quadrant] 30°) [+ cosec is negative in fourth quadrant] [+ tan is positive in first quadrant) [/ sin is negative in fourth quadrant) [+ sin is negative in fourth quadrant) t(2) fe cot s negative in fourth quadrant] [+ cot is negative in fourth quadrant]Mathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) nt (Class 11) uestion 1: Prove that: sin? + cos? — tan? = -3 rove that: sin? Z + cos? =~ tan 3 answer LHS = Question 2: Prove that: Eanswer 2: am 27 fe Lis = 2sin® + cosec? Z cos? (e390) 2p csec cos? sin? + cose? cos ‘Question 3: Eanswer 3: 2” 5 | sean ™ LHS = cot? + cose + Stan 3 2 1)" = (v3) + eosee(n—F) +3(Z) not 34 cosech 43x $a3+241=6= RHS ‘Question 4: Drove tha 26h? 2424 2 Eanswer 4: 730 t) Ok LS = 2sin? + 2c0s? 7 + 2sec? = 1 ay +22)? +2(, =2x$49=1+9=10= RisMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (Class 11) Question 5: Find the value of: (i) sin 75° (i tan 1° Canswer (9 sin 75° = sin(4s° + 30°) = sin45* cos 30° + cos-45°sin30° [i sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cos AsinB] A, 1 tet vary) v2 Bt ae s (Giijtan 15° = tan(4s° - 30°) tan 45° tan 30" ss tan(a a) = SABA =tan iranian ae (oa T+ tandtandl 3-1 _N3=4 vB=1 Woe1 W341 VE-1 - cos — x)eos(%=y) ~sin(E—2)sin(%—y) = since +39 Canswer 6 Ls = cos (#~x) cos $=y) ~sin(&—x)sin(Z—y) = cos [(G-x)+G-y)] [+ c0s A cos B ~ sin Asin B = cos(4 + B)] = cos [£— (x +y)] =sinGe+y) =RHS ee) tand nb (Ca) and tan(A— 8) = +7 on AtanBl T+ tan tanz 14+tann eee ea © (tay "rotenoneMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (lass 11) Question 8: cos(ir +x) cos(-2) Prove that: OS 4 2) CO) conte sin(x — x) cos (+x) Eanswer 8: Lg = £0843) cos(—x)___~ cos cose sin(n—x)cos(F+x) sin@r—2)(~sinx) [cos is negative in second and third quadrant but positive in fourth] eS [- sinis positive in second quadrant aoe = cot?x = RHS Question 9: Prove that cos (2 +1) cost) [oot(S2—x) +eou2r +9] =1 answer 9: us = cs 22) ete 49 for =a) +ocor os is positive in first and fourth quadrant] + eotis positive in first and third quadrant] = sinx cos [oot (2 —x) + cot(en +2)] = sin.x.cos x [tan x + cot] = sins cos [SRE + S58 sin xcos [PERE] — ante cost = 1 = RHS Question 10: Prove that: sin(n + 1)xsin(n + 2)x + cos(n + 1)x cos(n + 2)x = cosx Eanswer 10: LHS = sin(n + 1)xsin(n + 2)x + cos(n + 1)x cos(n + 2)x = cos[(n + 2)x—- (n+ Dx] [+ cos Acos B + sin Asin B = cos(A— B)) = cos[nx + 2x —nx =x] = cosx = RHS Question 11: Prove that: cos (* +x) ~ cos (*~ x) = -V2sinx Eanswer 11: Ls = cos (24 2) — cos (=x) [ees = -28in(22) sine = -2sin (x7) sin 4-8] 2 = -2sin sin = ~2sin (9) sin [= sin is positive in second quadrant] =-2x 4 xsine = —v2sinx = RHS SraMathematics Sepia Mehantsiel (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (clas 11) in? 6x — sin? 4x = sin2xsin 10x Eanswer 12: LHS = sin? 6x — sin? ax. Sin 6x + sin 4x)(sin6x — sin 4x) sn () (= an) nS] At and sind ~sinB = 2cos' = RHS [+ 2sin Acos A = sin 2A] Question 13: Prove that: cos® 2x ~ cos? 6x = sin 4x sin 8x Eanswer 13: LHS = cos* 2x — cos* 6x (cos 2x + cos 6r)(cos 2x — cos 6x) ~ [bcos 22 ® oo (2aae nem =e a ave A [rosea + con = a = eos 4xcos(~23)][=2 sin 4x sin(=23)] 2 cos 4x cos 2x)(2sin 4x sin2x) [+ c0s(-8) = cos and sin(—8) = ~ sind] a and cos A —cos B = (2sin 2x cos 2x)(2sin 4x cos 4x) = sin 4x sin 8x = RHS [+ 2sin cos A = sin 2A] Question 14: Prove that: sin 2x + 2sin 4x + sin 6x = 4.cos* xsin 4x Eanswer 14: LHS = sin2x + 20in 4x4 sin 6x sn 6x + sin 2x + 2sin 4x [asin (S22) cos(&S2] + 2sinax [sina in sin 4x cos 2x + 2sin 4x sin 4x (cos 2x +1) sin 4x [(2.cos? x ~ 1) + 1] [+ c0s24 = 2cos* a1] cos? xsin 4x. = RHSMathematics Senha adantsiel (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (clas 11), Question 5: Prove that: cot 4x (sin 5x + sin 3x) = cot x (sin Sx — sin 3x) Eanswer 15: LHS = cot4x (sin 5x + sin 3x) Sr tbe) (Se — 3x Ase AWB sate SoG] fone saent tnt A [2sin4xcos x] = 2c0s 4x cosx ~@) Sine RHS = cotx(sin Sx ~ sin3x) = cots[ecns(22)sm(E29]— esina sino = zeor4*2 an 2] [2cos 4x sin x] = 2eos 4x cosx ~@ From the equation (1) and (2), LHS = RHS ‘Question 16: cos9x—cosSx __sin2x Prove that; 2° 7E— COS im 17x sin3x cos 10x Eanswer 16: Lg = £089 = 608 Sx Sine sinde ~2sin $52) sin GE 2s CE A+B A sin and sin A ~ sin B = 2.cos Question 17: sinSx + sin3x cosSx Feos3x answer 17: Prove that sinsx-+sin3n cose ode asin 252) cos GH 2m (FE os EE) cos + cos B 2sin 4x cosx LH A+B A-B 2 id sind + sin B = 2 si and sin-+sinB = 2sin ; = Feos tx cosx ~ costx = tandy = RHSMathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (lass 11) Question 18: Prove thats Se = tan = answer 18: sinx=siny _200(242 pace UNS = cost cosy * Fe0s E52) cos (Eq extent belay nt = 2005422 an cos (7) mm AY) = tan(&2) = nus Question 19: answer 19: sg _sinetsinae _ 255") cos so SE a ae er [rowa-teosn= zens Bees #=2 and sin snd = 2s Bens?) _2sin2x cos(—x) = Yeos 2x cos(—x) cot, LAS = Sntx = cos? my eae ll) [osina sina = 2s P= —(cos? x — sin? x) ~ 2 2 cos 2x sin(—x) — eos 2x an (sn) = ind and cos20 = sti? = 2sinx = RESMathematics Sepa kadantsiel (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (clas 11), Question 23: cos 4x 4 cos 3x + cos 2 Sind t sind sin answer 24: rng S028 #c083x teosx _ (cose cos2x) + cosx sind +sin3x+sin2x (sin4x + sin2x) +sin3x eos (2422) cos (5% pain (22) cos Hy 2e) + ana [rowa-tes Prove that ) + cossx cos 3x cos x + cos3x Sindx cose + Sin 3x Question 22: Prove that: cot x cot 2x — cat 2x cot 3x — cot 3x cot x answer 22: cot(2x +2] 5 t2xcots = 1 cotx + cot 2x > cot 2xcotx — 1 = cot3x (cotx + cot 2x) cot 3x cotA cot B ~ 1 cotB + cota ot 3x cot(A + B) = > cot2xcotx 1 cot3xcotx + cot 3x cot 2x > cot2x cotx — cot 3x cotx — cot 3x cot 2x = 1 Question 23: 4tanx(1—tan? x) Prove that:tan de =F Eanswer 23: 4tanx (1 ~ tan?) tan x + taxMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Exercise 3.3) (Glass 11) Question 24: rove that: cos 4x = 1 —Bsin? x.cos? x Eanswer 24: LHS = cos 4x = cos 2(2x) = 2sin? 2x = 1 — 2(sin2x)? [ e0s24 = 1-2sin? A] = 2(2sinx osx}? [r sin2A = 2sin A.cos A] = 1—24sin? x cos? ») = Bsin? x cos? x = RUS Question 25: rove that: cos 6x = 32 cos¢ x — 48.cos* x + 18.cos?x —1 Eanswer 25: LHS = cos 6x = cos 2(3x) = 2eost 2-1 [+ 0824 = 1—2sin? 4] (4 cos? x ~ 3cosx}?—4 [+ eos34 = 1—2sin? A] = 2(16c0s* x + 90s? x — 240s" x) — 2 cos®x ~ 48 cost x + 180s? x — = RHSMathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter-3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Glass 11) Question 1: Prove that:2.cos- cos a answer t: Ls =2 5 cos + cos = = 2eosH cosh + cost + cose nom nom ae, Sn = cos (E+ 3h) + c05(K TE) +cosse + cosze [y ZeosA.cosB = cos(A +B) + cos(~ B)] 10r | Br Be Se cos sy + cos sy + cos Ty + cos: 1 B 3 13 = cos(n= 35) + con = 28) +c + con itt Ts emetic conde con 4 on 8+ on SE =o=ni8 Question 2: Prove that: (sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x —cos x) cosx = 0 Eanswer 2: LHS = (sin3x + sin.x) sinx + (cos 3x ~ cosx) cos x = (ten oo con Ate AWB A+B A-B [rsina sing = 2sin4 29 cosA=4 aut cos —cosB = —25in“t9 sin A (2 sin 2x cos x) sinx + (—2 sin 2x sin.x) cosx sin2ysinzc0sx—2sin 2esinxcos = RHS Question 3: . Prove that: (cosx + cosy)? + (sinx — sin y)® = 4 cos? = answer 3: LHS = (cos.x + cos y)? + (sin x — sin y)? = (soos! *% cos) + (20007 $2 an 2) [rcosd-+cos = 200847 cosA =F and. sind —sin 8 = 2005423 sind aEFY goto 4 at-7 (scot = coe SY) a a2) aE+V (oe or Pes = 4eost = Ras Question 4: Prove that: (cosx ~ cosy)? + (sinx ~ sin y)? = 4sin? > Eanswer 4: LHS = (cos x — cosy)? + (sinx — sin y)?Mathematics Sepa aaa (Chapter- 3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (ass 13) xty x-y\? xtyox-y? asin’ 22 sin®2) + (200522 in?=Y) B and sin A—sin. ase sint 5%) + (cost = sine“) (1022 F (om 2 Ge 5") Question 5: Prove that: Eanswer 5: cas. cos 2x sin 4x nx + sin 3x + sinSx + sin 7x = LHS = sinx + sin3x + sinSx + sin 7x (sin 7x + sinx) + (sin Sx + sin 3x) Tet Sx+3e = asin cos 4+ 2sin cos: sin 4x cos 3x + 2sin 4x cosx = 2sin 4x (cos 3x + cosx) = 2sin 4x (2.cos 2x e082) = 4c0sx cos 2x sin 4x = RUS Question 6: rove that {27 +8in5x) + (sin9x + sin 3x) (cos Te + €08 5x) + (cos 9x + cos 3x) Eanswer 6: nig = £07 + sina) + (sin x + sin) (cos 7x + cosSx) + (cos9x + cos 3x) Txt 5x 5, 7x~ 5x ox+3r (2sin 225% cos 52) + (2ein 2+ 2 cos (eos SE p, EDD) 5 (2095 EEE EB) (20s 2 cos FPA) +. (2 sy * cos * =F) TF cost TF and sina +sin8 = 2sint cos 4 (sin6x cos) +(sin6xe0s3x) (cos 6x cos x) + (cos 6x cos 3x) ssin 6x (cosx + cos 3x) cos 6x (cos x + cos 3x) sing an 6x [sews cosb = 20 Pee n6x = RHS cos xMathematics (www.tlwartacademy.com) (Chapter-3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Glass 11) uestion 7: : ax Prove thatssin x + sin 2x ~ sinx = 4sin.x cos cos Eanswer 7: LIS = sin 3x + sin 2x —sinx = (sin3x —sinx) +sin2x. = (coos sn =) sinze [ssina sing = 20 = (2eos an 2#2 ; - = tom arems + 2anxcosx [esma= dein acosal = 2sinx (cos 2x + cos x) = 2sinx (om coe®=2) ir = ins (con cos) = Asin cosco® = mis Findsin5 , cos’ and tan in each of the following: Question 8: 4 tanx = ~3,x in quadrant Eanswer 8: 2 : at 16 _ 25 sectx = a xait(-3) -14$-5 = secx = ~3 [+ xlies in quadrant Il and secis negative in quadrant It] _3 cosx =~ vein quadrant Il, jae 45252 22 inqurant aX _1-cosxMathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter-3) (Trigonometric Functions) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (lass) Question 3: 1 cosx = ~5.x In quadrant answer 9: ; wdrant ill oncxs es © in quadrant ih ooxe—fainandntl ansrs z= Esps Finan x_1-cosx_1-(-3)_143 4 2 ens x x omnia [+ $s in quadrant and sins postive in quadrant] sin 2 cosk 2 Question 10: 1 sinx = 5, in quadrant I, a Eanswer 10: 15 16 Tr cose =~ [+ xlles in quadrant and cos is negative in quadrant I] a x Bc x xinquadrant Il 5 sxsm > 2<5<" 5 inquadrantl. 44V5 oyMathematics (vonstwartacndemy con) (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Exercise 4.1) (Gass 133, (Question 1: Express the following complex number in the forma + tb. (St) ( Eanswer Question 2: Express the following complex number in the form a ++ ib. (° +1"? Eanswer 2: Pe = (OPR4 OL = +E. [r= and? = -1] +00 Question 3: Express the following complex number in the form a + 1b.i-® answer +i Oe Or Question 4: Express the following complex number in the form a + tb.3(7-+ 17) +i(7 +17) Eanswer 4: 307 +17) 47 417) = 214 A+ = 2142817 = 144281 Question 5: Express the following complex number in the form a + tb. (1~1) ~ (1+ 16) Eanswer (=O= (1416) 21-14 1~-61= 2-71 ‘Question 6: Express the flowing complex number inthe form a + wb. (2-+42)- (4403) Eanswer 6: 2, 5 Bot Question 7: Bepress the folowing complex number in theform a + b.[(2+12)+ (4-413)] =(—$+0) Eanswer 7: (Gee (edl-C$) 3 peasy atte 3 aieMathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Exercise 4.1) (Glass 11) (Question &: Express the following complex number in the form a + ib.(1—i)* Canswer 8: (-0' = (-0FF = (1+ = 2 = 1-1-2407 -2i)? = 40? = 4(-1) 4410 Question 9: Express the following complex number inthe forma + ib, (!+ 34)" Eanswer 9: +s) =@) +0743 1 : fe lige 131435. GD? = 4270 435 XH 3X5 X 91 1 ont Be - yt 2748+ 90 = 5-274 1-9 t 1 1-243 242 = (y~9) 26 = pr) -28= =p = 8 Question 10: Express the following complex number in the form a + (b. Eanswer 10: Question 11: Find the multiplicative inverse ofthe following complex numbers: 4— 3 answer 11: Let Z = 4 - 3i then Z=4 + 3i and |2| = V4? +3? = VI649 = V25=5 ‘Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of Z (= 4~3/) is given by +31 4a 2 25°25" Question 12: Find the multiplicative inverse ofthe following complex numbers: V3 + 3i Eanswer 12: Let = V5 +31 then Z = VB ~ 31 and [2 = \V5" +32 = VSF9 = VF ‘Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of Z (= V5 +31) is given by z ae w=Mathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Exercise 4.1) (Glass 11) Question 13: Find the multiplicative inverse of the following complex numbers: —i Eanswer 13: Let Z = 0~ithen Z= 0+ cand |Z| = VO = OFT = VT ‘Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of Z (= 0 ~ is given by 1 Question 14: Express the following expression in the form of a + ib: (3 +iv5)(3-W5) Wr) - (3-0) answer 14 (3 +iv5)( (42) - W3-W) WE + (a5 —Si? 9 +5 VE+iva- V+? Wii Wai _ Nz a v2,Mathematics toveietadentcael (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) {alas 11) a [« +Q)] Eanswer 1, . +] -loe tell =f = 1+] =h1-# 1 = + 083 $3 DCE = 1 =F 31-30 =-1+i-3it3 [» @=-1) 2 Question2: For any two complex numbers 2, and 2, prove that: Re(ayz2) = Re 2 Re zz = Imz, Imzy. ‘Answer Lotz) =x, + iy) and z, =x, + iy ‘Therefore, 2,22 = (x, + iy, MX, + iy) = 44x; + mye t ix, + V2 me + in ye + “We bf @=-] = Qt, — VaY2) + (Gaye + may) Now Re(2y22) = x42 — Yaa = Re % Re 22 ~ Im % Im 23 Questions: peduce (2g <2) 0") tote standard fom, Eanswer 3: D2) Go4iy_[14i- 2-49] 3 48 (are) a) - Feiner |) “1491 13-40 ard) ® 149i) (3-41) “BATH 2TE~ 362 _ 3 4310436 Ma FeealGei)-aessiwmae sores 33431 _ 334311 101 204=5)) 334310 (14450) _ 462+ 1654434141551? 30745991 _ 3074-5991 204-5) * G44 5 a = GFT 2096 — 257) ~ 20096 + 25) 307 + 5991 _ 307-+5991 _ 307 | 599, 2e2D wz an aaMathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Glass 11) Question 4: We ty= [22 prove thats? + y# = SO xa by= [EF provethatx? + y? = 52 Eanswer 4: fa-io_ fami crid_ fact iad ibe ibd 200% lea” [em id “eid =F __ fac + tad = the + ba a ere lac+ bd, (ad ~be) ead * ceed? | -1) Squaring both sides, we have actbd | ad~be act bd (r= yy? = tO Beyer eee (e-o)? = By get apgel 8 HY ay = Se aoa (act bay | fad — bey, 2-99-20 = (SE) (Ga)! ‘Comparing the real and imaginary parts, we have ayn act bd ad —be e-Y care mM Mare we knowt that (x? + y2)? = @? YY + Qn? mean ay = (Scmey (a ba Pct + bid? + 2abed | ata? + bc? — 2abed ait y= aaa) * (era) “eee + ade ag yaya M22 + DE? + abd? + Dtc? _aX(c? +d?) + DUC? +2) 2 ty Oe ee (2 +d? )(a? +4) _ a? +B? Cae ere Question 5: tet May =2-tm=1 +6 find RE Eanswer ntmtl 2-itititl 4 _ 2 1ti Aomtt i 2a+i, =VPaP =Mathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) {class 11) Question 6: _ +i? ayy OED? Wat b= SEO, prove hata? +62 = EAI, answer 6: @+o Here.a+ ib = G2 os 2 + 12 + 2xi t+i2x xt 2x satih= sae aes] FT Tea ‘Comparing the real and imaginary terms, we have 2x weet oy pp (BLY (2 rower +'= (E4) + Ge atta eet det xt eet ae? ate gaet tt? Getaie ‘Otel @eei — Gxtei? “Gril -2+1Find (ome answer 7: (re (2) Kez _ (2-)(-2+)_ -44+21+2i1— rat 4i¢d GH 2H (_=6 + 3i + 81-477 2 Gi) Im( exec 1 2% @2-D)2+) 2 “Therfore, tm & =im(5 +01) Question 8: Find the real numbers x and y if (& ~ iy)(3 + Si) is the conjugate of -6 ~ 24%, Ennswer 8: Given that: (x —iy)(3 + 50 is the conjugate of -6 ~ 241 = B45) =-6+ 241 3 3x +51 — 3yi —Syi? = 6 + 248 S3r+(Gx-Sy)itsy=-642 Fe + Gx +5y) + Gx —3y)i = 6+ 244Mathematics (www.tlwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) ‘Comparing the real and imaginary parts, we have 3x+Sy=-6 (I) and Sx—3y=24 = Q) Putting the value of yin equation (2), we get sx=3( 3) = 4 Form the equation (1), we have 3 = 25x +184 9x = 120 > 34x = 102 Question 9: +0a+)-G-0G-) a-90+0 = OFF = Van2 Question 10: M6 Gey)? = 1+ tothen show that 42 = 462 =", Eanswer 10: Given that: (x + iy)? = +0 21+ (OY +3x%() + 3x()? = ut iv 30 -iy? + Bry Sry wl 3 (2 = axy?) +1Bxy — 9 Comparing the real and imaginary parts, we have =utiv us=3ry? and v=3rty-y* =3y? and 2 = 3x? ” y ht lant ay?4 ety? Ry a * tx — dy? = 4G? — y2)Mathematics toveieMadantaet (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (alas 11) (Question 1: B-a fecand £ are different complex number with |f| = 1, then find Eanswer 11: We know that ~ (e)( ler 1a £)_ OB ap— ab +00 1-af—ap+ «app fe 2z=bPI le ial =1) Question 12: Find the number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation 1 ~ é|* = 2%. Eanswer 12: Given that: [1 =(vPFR) = (V2) =2" avian ‘Thus, Oi the only integral solution of the given equation. ‘Therefore, the number of nonzero integral solutions ofthe given equation is 0. Question 13 IF(@-+ i)(c + id)(e + iA)(@-FIR) = A + 1B, then show that (a2 + bA\(C? + d)(e2 + f2)(92 +N?) = A? + Be, answer 13: Given that: (a+ i)(e+ i@)(e + if)(g + th) = A+B Mat ye + idy(e + )(o + ih)| = [a+ iB > |a+ idlle+idlle + ifllg + inl =|A+06] [> leyzal = ble Squaring both sides, we have (HDI + ENE + YGE HH) = A+BMathematics (wrtwartacndemy com) (Chapter- 4) (Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations) (Miscellaneous Exercise) {alas 11) 1+" Tr 2 (eyMathematics Sapa Medcatcatl (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (cas 11) (Question 1: Solve 24x< 100, when (8) xis a natural number, cxisan integer. answer Given that: 24x < 100 100 25 er 30, when (@_ xisanatural number. il) x isan integer. ‘Answer 5 5 aor sxe ax<-G (@ xis anatural number, - We know that there is no natural number less than~ 3 “Thus, when xis anatural number, there is no solution ofthe given inequality (ii)x is an integer, ‘The integers es than 2 a -5,~4,-2 “Thus, when xis an integer, the solutions ofthe given inequality are. 6, Hence, in this case, the solution set is {... -5, ~4, -3}. Question 3: Solve 5-3 <7, when (D xisan integer. (i) x 1s a real number. Answer 3 Given that:5x=3<7 sore axctt sre2 3 (@ xisan integer. ‘The integers less than 2 are . ~4,~3,-2,-1, 0,1, ‘Thus, when xis an integer, the solutions of the given inequality ae ... ~4,~3, ~2,~1, 0,1. Hence, in this case, the solution sets (.. ~4,~3, -2,~1,0, 1, xisareal number. When xis a real number, the solutions of the given inequality are given by x< 2, that is, all real ‘numbers x which are less than 2. ‘Thus, the solution set ofthe given inequality is x€ (~c0, 2).Mathematics Sapte edartcatl (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (asst), Question 4: Solve 3x+8 >2, when (0 xisan integer. (Gi) xis areal number. answer 4: Given that: 34+ 8>2 33x56 0 ox> Sx>-2 ( xisaninteger. ‘The integers greater than ~2 are -1, 0,1, 2s. ‘Thus, when xis an integer, the solutions ofthe given inequality are ~1, 0,1, 2 Hence, in this case, the solution set is {-1, 0, 1,2, ud (i)xisa real number. ‘When xis a real number, the solutions of the given inequality are all the real numbers, which are greater than -2, ‘Thus, in this case, the solution set is (2, 9) Question 5: Solve the following inequality for real x: 4x +3 < 6x +7 Eanswer 5: 4x4 3< 5x47 3443-7 < Sx 47-7 4x4 < Sx 3 4x-4- ax < Sx- ax ster ‘Thus, all real numbers.x, which are greater than ~4, are the solutions of the given inequality. Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (~4, <0). Question 6: Solve the following inequality for real x: 3x ~7 > Sx ~1 Eanswer 6: 3x-7 > Sx-1 = 3x-7 + 7/55x- U7 3 3x > Sr +6 = Bx- Sx > Sx + 6- Sx 3-2 >6 6 S-1>5 0 2-eRS ax<-3 ‘Thus, all real numbers a; which are less than ~3,are the solutions ofthe given inequality. Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (~00, ~3). Question 7: Solve the following inequality for real x: 3(x — 1) < 26¢~3) Eanswer 7: 3(x- 1) S 2-3) 3x3 < 2-6 3 3x-343 5 2x-643 = 3x <2x-3 = 3x- 2x < 2x-3- 2x > x<-3 ‘Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to~3, are the solutions ofthe given inequality. Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (~20, -3Mathematics (wwww.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (Class 11) Question 8: Solve the following inequality for real x: 3(2 — x) = 2(1— x) Canswer 8: 3@- x) 2 20-9 = 6- 3x = 2-2x = 6- 3x + 2x 3 2- 2x + 2x 36-122 3 6-1-6 22-6 B-r2-4 ox<4 ‘Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 4, are the solutions of the given inequality. Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (-20, 4] Question 9: Solve the following inequality for real x xtteten 273 Eanswer 9: xegeeen 2143+) <1» fi fo 26 ‘Thus, all real numbers »; which are less than 6, are the solutions of the given inequality. Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (=o, 6). Question 10: Solve the following inequality for real x: d ee of-f>1 = BIE > 12-2>6 Fras ae umber whch thn- athlon ot en neal Hee ton even ncautng SC ase Question 11: Solve the following inequality for real x 3@¢=2) _5(2=2) 5S a answer 11: 3-2) 52-9) 5 a Be Sx (10,6 O45 _ 50418 esate? os Sas ‘Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given inequality Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (~00, 2}Mathematics Sanaa Mecstcatl (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (as 11) Question 12: Solve the following inequality for real x 3(E+4)23@-0 Zanswer 12: 3(E+aata-o oB-fa-a-2 a4 3-2 -120 xs 120 ‘Thus, all real numbers s; which are less than or equal to 120, are the solutions of the given inequality. Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (~09, 120}, Question 13: Solve the following inequality for real x: 2(2x +3) - 10 < (x= 2) Eanswer 13: 2(2x +3) = 10 < (x ~2) S4r46-10<6r-12 3 4x—4c6x-12 > 4x-Gx<-1244 Hd <-8 soxc-4 xpd ‘Thus, all real numbers x, which are greater than 4, are the solutions of the given inequality Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (4, <0). Question 14: Solve the following inequality for real x: 37 (Gx +5) 2 9x—8@—3) fanswer 14: 37 (Gx +5) = 9x—B(x—3) 3 37-3x-529x-Bx +24 332-3eExr424 3 -Bx-x 224-32 4x 2-8 Se ax2-2 Sxs2 ‘Thus, all real numbers a, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given inequality Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (-v0,2} Question 15: Solve the following inequality for real x x Gx-2)_(7e=3) Eonoud 3 ‘Answer 15: x Gr-2) aa x Sx 2 7x 3 =< tage 9 15x=100r + 84x | 1049 60 5 xl a-ae< <-axs4 Sis °-* * ‘Thus, all real numbers x, which are greater than 4, are the solutions of the given inequality Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality is (4,22).Mathematics iaaieavameraett (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (asst), Question 16: Solve the following inequality for real x (Q@x-1)_ Gx-2)_ @-x) Biemein Q@x-1), Gx-2) x 2 za 573 ane nase te 40-7444 70 aA ME says axed oes? ‘Thus, all real numbers s, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given inequality Hence, the solution set ofthe given inequality i (~20, 2} Question 17: Solve the following inequality and show the graph of the solution on number lin: 3x-2<2x+1 Eanswer 17: Bx-2< 2x41 S3x-2<142 — Sx3 ‘The graphical representation of the solutions ofthe given inequality is as Follows: A a os 6 4 2 0 2 + 6 8 Question 18: Solve the following inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line: Sx-323x-5 Canswer 18: Sx-323x-5 9§x-3x>-S4+3 9 2x2-29x>-1 ‘The graphical representation of the solutions ofthe given inequality is as follows: - Eee ° T 2 onemee Question 19: Solve the following inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line: 3C.= x) < 2044) Eanswer 19: 31-0) < 2x44) 33-3 < 2x48 —3x-2x <8-3-Sx>54-x>1 34<-1 ‘The graphical representation of the solutions ofthe given inequality is as follows: -_ = 2 & 0 1 2 sm 4 Question 20: Solve the following inequality and show the graph ofthe solution on number tine: x Ge-2)_ (x-3) E answer 20 5s SIF 15x =S0x442e 1049 Tx 30 15 BO is F ‘The graphical representation of the solutions ofthe given inequality is as follows:Mathematics tape Medcatcatl (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (as 11) Question 23: Ravi obtained 70 and 75 marks in first two-unit test. Find the number if minimum marks he should get in the third test to have an average of a east 60 marks answer 21 Let xe the marks obtained by Ravi in the third unittest. Since the student should have an average of atleast 60 marks 0 704754 OATS 8 60 21s +12 100 ox235 Hence, the student mast obtain a minimum of 35 marks tohave an average of atleast 60 marks. Question 22: To receive Grade ‘A’ ina course, one must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in five examinations (each of 100 marks). IF Sunita's marks in first four examinations are 87, 92, 94 and 95, find minimum ‘marks that Sunita must obtain in fifth examination to get grade'A’ in the course. Eanswer 2: Let rbe the marks obtained by Sunita in the fifth examination. Im order to receive grade ‘A’ in the course, she must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in five examinations, ‘Therefore, 87492494495 44 5 368 +x 2450 sx 282 Hence, Sunita must obtain greater than or equal to 82 marks in the fifth examination. 90 Question 23: Find all pairs of consecutive odd positive integers both of which are smaller than 10 such that their sum {is more than 11. Eanswer 2: Let x be the smaller of the two consecutive odd positive integers. Then, the other integer is x +2. Since both the integers are smaller than 10, therefore xt2<10 sx< 10-2 ax<8.@ Also, the sum of the two integers is more than 11. a+ (x42) > 11 Sx+2>u Swx>u-2 a wx>9 3 ax Sx>45 ofti) From (i) and (ii), we obtain that the value of x can be 4,5,6 or 7. Since x is an odd number, x can take the values, § and 7 Hence, the required possible pairs of numbers are (5,7) and (7, 9).Mathematics Sapte Medcatcatl (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Exercise 5.1) (cas 11) Question 24: Find all pairs of consecutive even positive integers, both of which are larger than 5 such that their sum is less than 23. answer 24: Let be the smaller of the two consecutive even positive integers. Then, the other integer is x-+ 2. Since both the integers are larger than 5, ws =a) ‘othe sum ofthe two integers ess than 23 P@HDC S2EDED 9 2CIB-2 Bx <2 exc ar<0s .@) From (1) and (2), we obtain 5 << 105. Since «is an even number, so xcan take the values, 6,8 and 10. Hence, the required possible pairs are (6,8), (8, 10) and (10, 12). Question 25: ‘The longest side of a triangle is 3 times the shortest side and the third side is 2 em shorter than the longest side. Ifthe perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm, find the minimum length of the shortest side, Eanswer 25: Let the length ofthe shortest side of the triangle be x cm. ‘Then, length of the longest side = 3x cm and the length ofthe third si Since the perimeter ofthe triangle is at east 61 cm, 3 x43x+ Bx -2) 2619 2x-22 6197x263 3x29 Hence, the minimum length of the shortest side is 9 em. (@Bx-2)cm Question 26: ‘Aman wants to cut three lengths from a single piece of board of length 91cm. The second length is to be 3em longer than the shortest and the third length isto be twice as longs the shortest. What are the possible lengths ofthe shortest board ifthe third piece is to be atleast Sem longer than the second? [Hint:Ifx is the length of the shortest board, then x, (x + 3) and 2x are the lengths of the second and third piece, respectively. Thus,x + (x + 3) + 2x < 91and 2x > (x + 3) + 5] Eanswer 26: Let the length of the shortest piece be x cm. Then, length of the second piece and the third piece are (a + 3) emand 2x em respectively Since the three lengths are to be cut from a single pieee of board of length 91 em, xt(+3) + 2g 91 sart3s0 a4 301-3 = 4x < 88 axs2 Oy Also, the third piece is at least 5 em longer than the second piece. ate 243) 45 amr 2x+8 x28 ~@ From (1) and (2), we obtain,8 < x < 22 ‘Thus, the possible length of the shortest board is greater than or equal to 8 cm but less than or equal to 22m.Mathematics tepate Mekentiet (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (lass 11) (Question: Solve the following inequality: 2 <3x-4.<5. Eanswer 1 rei 4<5 m2e4ek-444e5 44 S6s3ce9 S2exs3 Therefore, all the real numbers, x, which are greater than or equal to 2 butless than or equal to 3, are the solutions ofthe given inequality. The solution set forthe given inequality i [2,3] Question 2: Solve the following inequality: 6 < ~ 3 (2x~4) < 12, Eanswer 2: 6s ~3(2x-4) <12 3 2s-(2x-4) <4 3-222 4-4 34-2223 4-4 3222x>0 S1zx>0 Hence, the solution set for the given inequality is (0, 1}. aueston3: Solve the following inequality: -3.< 4—™!-< 18, answer 3: one eauctncm a-2eaet S2>x2-4 Hence, the solution set for the given inequality is [-4, 2]. Question: Solve the following inequality: ~15 < answer 4: -15< peed) <0 3-75 <3(x- 2) 50 3-25 -24 5x-1< 24 answer 7: Sx +1 >-24 > Sx 5-25 3x>-5..0) Sx-1< 24 3 Sr <25 3x<5.() From (1) and (2), it ean be concluded that the solution set forthe given system of inequalities is (-§, 5). The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as, tt Question 8: Solve the following inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line, 2exe-N2-x Eanswer 8: Ax-N 2-x 3 x46>2-x Saxtr>2-6 a ar>-4 3 x>-1.@ From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is (-1, 7). The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as, = 7Mathematics ineerebenerett (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (lass 13) (Question 9: Solve the following inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number ine. 3x-7>2(x-6), 6-x > 11-2x answer 9: 3x-7 > 2(4-6) 3 3x-7>2n-12 3 3x-2x>-12+794>-5 =) 6-x> 11-26 Soxt2x> 11-6 >x>5 2 From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is (5,29) The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as a TTT Ts Solve the following inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number 5(2x-7)-3(2x +3)<0, 2x +19 <6x + 47 answer 1 S(2x- 7)- 3@x +3) $0 = 10x-35-6r-9 <0 = 4x 44s 0 Sars 44 exsu.@ 2x +19 < 6x +47 = 19-47 < 6x- 2x 3-28 s ax 3-71. From (1) and (2), it ean be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is [-7, 11} The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as S34 os 6 8 wm ‘Question 11: ce ee (Gvanciau ever (confi oleae = answer 11: Sai ont tet beet SOT an 77 Pattee ofr weha w 436 of (c+ 640) 8 i >To" t Tog * 040 > zap + 640) 2 dr 5120 444-2560 3 5120-2560 > 44-24 3 5120-2560 > 2 3 2560> 2% 312005 a) ‘This resulting minture isto be less than 6% boric acid. 25h 1+ BY of 610 < 6% of (+ 610) a ! > Tyo + Tog * O40 > Fyq + 640) 3214 5120 < 6x4 3040 3 5120-3840 <6x-2 3 1280<4¢ 3320 25(1125 + x) < 45 «1125 < 30(1125 +x) > S(1125 +x) < 9x 1125 < 6(1125 +x) = 5625 + Sx < 10125 < 6750 + 6x = Sx < 10125 ~ 5625 < 6750 ~ 5625 + 6x = 5x < 4500 < 1125 + 6x = Sx < 4500 and 4500 < 1125 + 6x > x < 900 and 3375 < 6x 3 x < 900 and 562.5.< x ‘Thus, the required number of litres of water that isto be added will have to be more than 562.5 but less than 900.Mathematics topcase (Chapter- 5) (Linear Inequalities) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (lass 13) (question 14 1Q of a person is given by the formula Where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age. IF 80 < IQ < 140 for a group of 12 years old. children, find the range oftheir mental age. Eanswer 14: Itis given that fora group of 12 years old children, 80 <1Q< 140 0 Fora group of 12 years old children, CA = 12 years Putting this value of 1Qin (i), we obtain MA 8055) x 100 < 140 > 960 = MAx 100 < 1680 960 1680 = TS MASS 9.60 < MA < 16.80 ‘Thus, the range of mental age ofthe group of 12 years old children is 9.60 < MA < 16.80.Mathematics femipa Been ial (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.1) (Glas 11) (Question : ‘Write the first five terms of the sequence whose n" term is a, = n(n + 2). answer 1: Given that Substituting a, = 1(1 +2) 44 +2) Hence, the required terms are 3,8, 15, 24and 35. (+2) ,2,3,4,and 5, we have a, =3(3 +2) =15 Question2: Write the first five terms ofthe sequence whose n* term is dy answer 2: Given that: ay = Substituting n= 1,2,3,4,and 5, we have Hence, the equired termsare?,2, Question: Write the rst five terms ofthe sequence whose '® term is ay = 2" answer 3: Given that: ay = 2" Substituting n= 1,2,3,4,and 5, we have a =2= a Hence, the required terms are, 4,8, 16and 32. Question 4: \Write the first five terms ofthe sequence whose nt term is ay Canswer 4: Given that Substituting = 1, 2,3,4,and 5, we have axi-3_ 1Mathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.1) (Glass 11) Question 5: Write the first five terms ofthe sequence whose n"™ term is aq = (—1)"?5"*1 answer 5: Given that: ay = (—1)""15"1 Substituting n= 1, 2,3,4,and 5, we have a, = (5 ay = (“54 ay — (ays! = a, = Cys as = (-1)-355+ = 5¢ = 15625, Hence, the required terms are 25, ~125, 625, Question 6: P45 Write the first five terms ofthe sequence whose n® term is ay = n™—— Canswer 6: Given that: a, = n= Substituting n= 1, 2,3,4,and 5, we have Hence the equi terméae2/2/2,21 and, ‘Question 7: Find the indicated terms of the sequence whose n'® term is ay = 4n — Eanswer 7: Given that ag = 4n—3 Substituting 9 17, qe have Substituting m= 24, we have yy = 4(24) 3 = 96-3 = 93 uesons Fine ndatedtermaf the sequence whose tem a, = ey Eanswer:Mathematics feng Baten ial (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.1) tas 1) Question 9: s a Find the indicated terms of the sequence whose n"® term is a, = (~1)""'n*; ag. answer 9: Given that corn Substituting n= 9, we have, ay = (—1)"-198 = 9 Question 10: " n(n=2) Find the indicated terms of the sequence whose n term i ay = "C=; ao. EAnswer 10: n(n 2) Given that: dy, = Substituting 1 = 20, we have 20(20-2) _20x 18 _ 360 e203 Ba Question 1: ‘Write the first five terms of the sequence and obtain the corresponding series: 4 = 3,dy = 3dq.1 + 2foralln > 1. ‘Answer 11: Given that: a; = 3,4, = 3aq-s + 2foralln > 1 Substituting = 2,3, 4,and 5, we have 4; = 34.4 +2 = 34, +2=3K342=11 3 = 345.4 +2 = 3a; +2=3X11+2=35 y= 3ay. +2 = 3a; +2 = 3X35 +2 = 107 5 = Bas. +2 = 3ay +2 = 3X 107 +2 = 323 ‘Therefore, the required terms are 3,11,35,107 and 323, Hence, the corresponding series is 3+ 11 +35 +107 + 323 + Question 12: Write the first five terms ofthe sequence and obtain the corresponding series: -1a, =n 22 Eanswer 12: Given that: a, = ~1,dy = “=4,n 22 Substituting 2= 2,3,4,and3, we haveMathematics fenipe Baent ial (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.1) (Glas 11) (Question 33: Write the irs five terms ofthe sequence and obtain the corresponding sei Gy =a; = 2dq=A,4-1, 0 >2, Eanswer 13: Given that: a, = a, Substituting = 3,4, and 5, we have 3 = 454-1 2-1 = ayy—2 1-1 a5 = 454-1 o-1 Hence, the required terms are 2,2,1,0 and ~ Hence, the corresponding series is 2+2+1+0+(-1) Question 14: The bon seuence dened bya = andy = eye Foye. > 2 rind! fr n= 1.23.45 answer 1 Given that: 1 = a; = a and dy = y+ Gn-2 Substituting n= 3,4, and 5, we have Puttingn = Lin Putting n = 2 in 4, Putting n = 3 in rng = 42 eae Ov Putting n = 5 in swe have “34Mathematics acreage (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.2) {class 11) (Question 1: Find the 20"and n'* terms ofthe G P35. Eanswer 1: ere, the first term a= > and the common ratior 2 2 (3)(0)" = dante, er 3 a= ar = (8) (2) = anton = ‘Question 2: Find the 12° term ofa GP. whose 8*term s 192 nd the common ratio is 2, Ehnswer2: Common ratio,r = 2, Let abe the first term ofthe GP. 192 > ay = @@) x3 aa- p= 3x2" = 3072) ‘Therefore, a2 = art! Question 3: ‘The 5,8!" and 11°%terms ofa GP. are p, gand s respectively. Show that q Eanswer 3: Let abe the firstterm and rbe the common ratio of the GP. According to the given condition, 5 .@)Mathematics (www.tlwartacademy.com) (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.2) (Glass 11) Question 4: ‘The 4 term of a GP. is square of its second term, and the first term is ~ 3. Determine its 7® term, answer 4: Let abe the first term and re the common ratio ofthe GP. a= We know that,a, = ar", a= ar} = (-3)r3and a= ar According to the question, 3)? = [C3)rF So3r= ro =-3 ‘Therefore, ay = ar" = ar® = (~3)(~3) Hence, the seventh term of the GP. is -2187. =(3)r 2187 ay Question 5: Which term ofthe following sequences: (2)2,2¥2.4, is 1287 (0)¥5,3,393 18 7297 =27 sr =2 : an=13 Hence, the 139 term ofthe given sequence is 128, (0)V5.5,5V3 Here,a = VBandr Let ay = 729 3 va(v3)"* = 36 =@)E sn=12 Hence, the 12% term ofthe given sequence Is 728. 35 Here,a = 1 nt bai iad 19683 a 19683 1a 23@) =n=9 @ -@'-@ Hence, the 9th term of the given sequence is 75555Mathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.2) ‘cis auestoné For what vale Qf x, the ibe 2 Z inG.P.? or wat vues ofthe numbers ~2..2 rein Eanswer 6: Here,~2,2,—2 areinG.P. ee ~~ aren inept = Hence, for 4, the given numbers will be in GP. Question 7: Find the sum to indicated number of terms in the following geometric progressions: 0.15,0.015,0.0015,...20 terms Eanswer 01s Here,a = 0.15 and r = > aa. Su 1 20 $5.0 Toa = gll- cn") Question 8: Find the sum to indicated number of terms in the following geomettic progressions: VIVE, 3V7, n terms Eanswer va Here,a = V7 andr = 7 v3 5, <2@"=D V7[(v3)"=1]_ v7[(3)"=3] va4_ V3 +1) [32-3] oe aa eae eee Question 9: Find the sum to indicated number of terms inthe following geometric progressions: 1,~a,a*, a, ...n terms (ifa # ~1). answer 9: Here,a = Land a5, <2 a@_ 1 Cay" T-Ca) ~ itaMathematics fenipeBaient sot (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.2) (clas 11) (Question 30: Find the sum to indicated number of terms in the following geometric progressions: 23 ,x5,x7, ...n terms (ifx # +1). Eanswer 10: 5.0 MPa Aeron Question 11 Evaluate: Y'(2 +38), Eaanswer 11: Yer) =24)+C+ HAHN HF AHI) 3@!4—1) H 2x14 4ST Hog 3) 274 3ogu_ 2+5(3" 1) Question 12: ‘The sum of iestthree terms ofa GPs 2 and thelr products 1 Find the common ratio andthe terms Eanswer 12: Let a, ar and ar?be three terms of a GP. 39 According to question, sum of first three terms a + ar + ar? = == @ 10 (2) Product of terms a xarxar?=1 = a*r' Dividing equation (2) by (1), we have atartar? 39 altrtr 39 ar 0 r 0 2 10r?=29r+10=0 107? =25r—4r410=0 | > Sr(2r—5)-22r-5) = = 10+ 10r + 10r? = 397 = (r-2@r-5)=0 2 from (1),we havea xz 55 2. 5 (ay? 5 2 Theres tems 6a andartaregventy 3 5x2 an 5 from (1),we havea x5 ‘Therefore, the three terms a,ar and arare given by 2,05 = Frland 5.Mathematics (www.tlwarlacademy.com) (Chapter- 8) (Sequences and Series) (Exercise 8.2) (Glass 11) Question 13: How many terms of GP. 3,3°, 3%, .. are needed to give the sum 120? Eanswer 13: ‘The given GP. is 3,37,33, Here,a = Sandy => Let n terms ofthis G.P. be required to obtain the sum as 120. 313" 1] eat _ 120 Hence, four terms ofthe given G.P. are required to obtain the sum as 120. Question 14: ‘The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the next three terms is 128, Determine the first term, the common ratio and the sum to nterms of the G.P. Eanswer 14: Letthe GP. be a, ar,ar?,ar3, ‘The sum of first three terms of aG.P. is 16, therefore, a + ar + ar? = 16 sa(l+ré¢r’) = 16 (1) ‘The sum ofthe next three terms is 128,s0 ar + ar* + ar* = 128 ear(l tr +r?) = 128 (2) Dividing equation (2) by (1), we obtain arfitrtr'] 1B | 5 “alltr+r] 16 ne = Putting the value of rin equation (1), we have a(1+2+2?) = 16 = 7a=16 16 ar" 1) _Per-1_ 36, Now,s, =" 4 s,- a Seren Question 45: Given a GP. with a= 729 and 7 term 64, determine Sr Fanewer 15: Given that: a= 729 and 7™term 64 (2y” 2y") vont os, 2E-O) LO) peop 22 aN =r n= t 2871 3 3 = 2187 [| = 2187-128 = 2059 ~ 2187, ~