The process by which glycogen is

Follow-up Test CC2 converted back to glucose-6-

2023 phosphate for entry into the

glycolytic pathway:
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Glycolysis
* Indicates required question Glycogenolysis
Lipogenesis
Email* Gluconeogenesis

Your email It can be referred to as a

One of the models to represent a hyperglycemic agent:
carbohydrate that represents the 2 points

compound in the cyclic form that is insulin

glucagon
more representative of the actual epinephrine
structure: glucocorticoids
2 points
Which among the different types of
Fisher Projection Diabetes Mellitus has insulin
Haworth Projection
Hemiketal Ring Projection resistance with an insulin secretory
Hemiacetal Ring Projection defect?
The following is considered as 2 points

disaccharides, except: Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus
2 points Other specific types of diabetes
glycogen Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
maltose
glucose A 30 year old pregnant woman has a
lactose GDM screening test performed 26
Encompasses the conversion of weeks of gestation. Her physician
glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate to chooses to order 50 grams oral
glucose: glucose load. Her serum glucose
level is 150mg/dL at 1 hour. What
2 points
should occur?
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis 2 points
Lipogenesis This confirms DM; give insulin
Gluconeogenesis This confirms DM; dietary intake of
carbohydrates should be lessened.
This is suspicious of DM; an OGTT should be Nelson-Somoygi method
performed. Glucose Oxidase method
This is an expected glucose level in a pregnant Benedict’s Method
woman. Ortho–toluidine method (Dubowski

Which of the following is not One of the test for DM that is based on
characteristic of sever the principle that the glucose
hyperglycemia? concentration in blood specimens
2 points drawn 2 hours after a meal is rarely
Ketonuria elevated in normal individuals, while
Glycosuria it is significantly increased in diabetic
Hypoglucagonemia
patients:
Polyuria
2 points
Glucose is unstable when blood is
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
permitted to clot and stand Epinephrine Tolerance Test
uncentrifuged at room temperature Insulin Tolerance Test
Post–prandial Blood Glucose Test
and the average decrease is about
___ per hour. Which of the following is
2 points characterized by spaticity,
7% decebration, hih urinary
10% catecholamine and ay cause death in
5%
infancy?
15%
2 points
One of the chemical methods for
Type VIII-Adenyl kinase deficiency
glucose under Alkaine Copper Type I-von Gierke disease
Reduction methods that most Type II-Pompe disease
Type VI-Her’s disease
accurate redox method and believes
to be a measure of true glucose, Caused by excessive insulin secreted
because of the saccharoid free PFF: by insulin –producing pancreatic islet
2 points cell tumors (insulinomas), non–
Neocuprine pancreatic tumors that produce
Nelson-Somoygi substances with insulin–like activity,
Folin Wu
hepatic dysfunction, glucocorticoid
Benedict’s Method
deficiency, sepsis or depleted
Considered as the most specific non– glycogen stores:
enzymatic method for glucose 2 points
determination:
Factitious hypoglycemia
2 points Postprandial hypoglycemia
Spontaneous hypoglycemia specimen must be treated in a
None of the above
manner that will ensure that:
HbA contains several minor 2 points
hemoglobin components, identified
Glutamine formation in-vitro is avoided
as the following except: The transamination process continuous in-vitro
The deamination process continuous in-vitro
2 points
Ammonia formation in-vitro is avoided
HbA1a
HbA1b Elevated ammonia is observed in
HbA1c which of the following?
HbA1f
2 points
Small quantities of urea (<10% of the
Hepatic coma
total) are excreted through the: Diabetes mellitus
Kidney failure
2 points
Reyes syndrome
Liver
Urinary Bladder Reabsorption of 98% to 100% of the
GI tract uric acid from the glomerular filtrate
Muscle tissues
occurs in the?
An enzymatic method for BUN in 2 points
which phenol color reagent and alkali
distal tubules
hypocholorite reagent are added glomerulus
which is measured colorimetrically: loop of henle
proximal tubules
2 points

Karr method A method in uric acid detection in

Berthelot reaction method which the uric acid in serum, plasma
Ortho–toluidine method (Dubowski) and urine reduce an alkaline
Fearon reaction
phosphotungstate solution to a
What endogenous substance may “tungsten blue”:
cause a positive interference in the 2 points
urease/glutamate dehydrogenase
Caraway method
assay? Folin method
Benedict’s method
2 points
Archibald method
Creatinine
Glucose Which of the following diseases is
Cholesterol associated with decreased uric acid
Ammonia
levels?
When a blood ammonia 2 points
determination is performed, the blood
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome The following are the sources of error
gout
Fanconi's syndrome for creatinine clearance, except:
poor kidney function 2 points

Approximately ____ of creatine is as serum creatinine increases, some creatinine is

secreted by tubules
transformed into creatine every 24
some meds increase or decrease tubular
hours. secretion
patient must be properly hydrated, urine flow
2 points
must be sufficient
5% None of the above
2%
8% In nesslerization method, an orange-
4% brown end-product dolor indicates:
In Jaffe reaction, color development 2 points

between __________ is not much nitrogen content is moderate

important but the temperature of
solution while it is being read is
important.
2 points
5-10 degrees Celsius
8-10 degrees Celsius
15-25 degrees Celsius
15-20 degrees Celsius
Plasma concentration of creatinine is
nitrogen content is low
nitrogen content is high
ammonia content is falsely high
Which of the following solution
denatures the protein, unfolding them
as the bonds that form the
secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structures are broken?
2 points

____________ to the clearance of sulfuric acid

creatinine. hydrochloric acid
picric acid
2 points ammonium chloride
directly proportional
inversely proportional What is the basis for the Kjeldahl
None of the above technique for the determination of
All of the above serum total protein?
Which of the following may increase 2 points

creatinine concentration measured Quantification of the nitrogen content of the

by the Jaffe reaction? protein
Determination of the refractive index of proteins
2 points Quantification of peptide bonds
Ultraviolet light absorption by aromatic rings at
glucose
280 nm
ascorbate
alpha-keto acids
All of the above
A basic structure of protein in which spina bifida

the shape or structure that results Also known as orosomucoid which is

from the interaction of more than one a major plasma glycoprotein that is
protein molecule, or protein subunits, negatively charged even in acidic
held together by noncovalent forces solutions lending to its name:
such as hydrogen bonds and 2 points
electrostatic interaction:
Alpha-1-globulin
2 points Alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein
Beta-1-microglobulin
Primary structure Alpha-1-antitrypsin
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure A protein that is primarily measured
Quaternary structure
along with blood and urine copper
Prealbumin has a half-life of______, tests to aid in the diagnosis of
so blood concentrations of Wilson's disease:
prealbumin decrease faster than do 2 points
those of other proteins with a longer
haptoglobin
half-life when protein synthesis is transferrin
inhibited. Gc-globulin
ceruplasmin
2 points

4 days
Which total protein method requires
1 week copper sulfate, potassium iodide in
2 days sodium hydroxide, and potassium
24 hours
sodium tartrate in its reagent
The following diseases may indicate system?
decreased albumin level, except: 2 points
2 points
Kjedahl
liver disease Folin-Ciocalteu
kidney disease Biuret
heart failure Ultraviolet absorption
skin asthma
An immunoglobulin that cannot cross
Conditions associated with an the placenta, but it is the only
elevated AFP concentration include, immunoglobulin synthesized by the
except: neonate:
2 points 2 points
neural tube defects IgM
anencephaly IgG
presence of twins
IgD sulfate/bisulfate pair
IgE
A reciprocal relationship exist
Considered the “gold standard” for between:
diagnosis of acute coronary
2 points
syndrome (ACS) in which the blood
sodium and potassium
supply to the heart muscle is calcium and phosphate
suddenly impeded: chloride and CO2
calcium and magnesium
2 points

Myoglobin Of the total serum osmolality, sodium

C-reactive protein chloride and bicarbonate ions
Cardiac Troponin
CK-MM, CK-MB, CK-BB normally contribute approximately
what percent?
Is the smallest and most dense
2 points
lipoprotein particle, is synthesized by
8
both the liver and the intestine: 45
2 points 75
92
LDL
HDL Primary aldosteronism results from a
Chylomicron
Lipoprotein (a) tumor of the adrenal cortex. How
would the extracellular fluid be
Which of the following results would affected?
be the most consistent with high risk
2 points
for coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Decreased sodium, increased potassium
2 points Normal sodium, decreased potassium
45 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and 210 mg/dL total Increased sodium, decreased potassium
cholesterol Decreased sodium, decreased potassium
20 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and 250 mg/dL total
cholesterol Increased total serum lactic
55 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and 170 mg/dL total dehydrogenase (LD) activity,
cholesterol
confined to fractions 4 and 5 is the
50 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and 180 mg/dL total
cholesterol most likely to be associated with:
2 points
The most important buffer pair in
plasma: pulmonary infarction
hemolytic anemia
2 points myocardial infarction
acute viral hepatitis
phosphate/biphosphate pair
hemoglobin/imidazole pair
bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair
Regan isoenzyme has the same
properties as alkaline phosphatase
that originates in the:
2 points

skeleton
kidney
intestine
placenta

The laboratory receives a request

that assays for urinary aminolevunilic
acid, porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin,
and coproporphyrin are to be
performed on a patient. Which of the
following will not contribute to the
integrity of the sample when these
assays are performed on the same
urine specimen?
2 points

Addition of HCl
Refrigeration
Use of brown bottle
24-hour urine collection

Which of the following laboratory

result is not characteristic of a
complete obstruction of the common
bile duct?
2 points

Negative fecal urobilinogen and urobilin

Negative urine urobilinogen
Negative urine bilirubin
Excretion of a pale-colored stool