‫‪Unit 7 : Health & Safety.

‬‬
‫‪Vocabulary.‬‬
‫‪allergy / allergic‬‬ ‫حساسية ‪ /‬حساس‬ ‫‪a title‬‬ ‫لقب ‪ /‬عنوان‬
‫‪bedding‬‬ ‫الفراش (كسوة السرير)‬ ‫‪CPR‬‬ ‫انعاش القلب‬
‫‪dust‬‬ ‫تراب ‪ /‬غبار‬ ‫)‪danger (s‬‬ ‫خطر ‪ /‬مخاطر‬
‫‪blanket‬‬ ‫بطانية‬ ‫خدمات الطوارئ ‪emergency services‬‬
‫‪wrap‬‬ ‫يلف ‪ /‬يغلف‬ ‫‪first aid‬‬ ‫االسعافات األولية‬
‫‪evacuate‬‬ ‫يغادر ‪ /‬يخلى مكان‬ ‫‪breathe / dirt‬‬ ‫يتنفس ‪ /‬قذارة‬
‫‪burn‬‬ ‫يحرق ‪ /‬يحترق‬ ‫‪deep cuts‬‬ ‫جروح ‪ /‬حفر عميقة‬
‫‪hygiene‬‬ ‫النظافة الشخصية‬ ‫‪keyboard‬‬ ‫لوحة مفاتيح‬
‫‪hygienic‬‬ ‫صحى‬ ‫‪chopping board‬‬ ‫لوحة تقطيع‬
‫‪hygienically‬‬ ‫بطريقة صحية ‪ /‬صحيا ً‬ ‫‪properly‬‬ ‫كما ينبغى ‪ /‬بطريقة مناسبة‬
‫‪immediately‬‬ ‫فى الحال ‪ /‬فورا‬ ‫‪kitchen sponge‬‬ ‫ممسحة المطبخ‬
‫‪at least‬‬ ‫على األقل‬ ‫‪a tissue‬‬ ‫منديل ورقى‬
‫‪sneeze‬‬ ‫يعطس‬ ‫‪regularly‬‬ ‫بانتظام‬
‫‪healthy life‬‬ ‫حياة صحية‬ ‫‪extra‬‬ ‫اضافى‬
‫‪head injury‬‬ ‫إصابة فى الرأس‬ ‫‪warm, wet places‬‬ ‫أماكن دافئة و رطبة‬
‫‪injured / a cut‬‬ ‫مُصاب ‪ /‬جرح‬ ‫‪plaster‬‬ ‫دهان ‪ /‬لصقة‬
‫‪bottom‬‬ ‫قاع‬ ‫‪skin problems‬‬ ‫مشاكل البشرة‬
‫‪Research shows‬‬ ‫ُتظهر االبحاث ‪@...‬‬ ‫‪soapy water‬‬ ‫ماء بصابون‬
‫‪Be hurt / killed‬‬ ‫يُصاب ‪ /‬يُقتل‬ ‫‪running water‬‬ ‫مياه جارية‬
‫‪possibility‬‬ ‫احتمالية‬ ‫‪wear gloves‬‬ ‫يرتدى قفازات‬
‫مساعدة طبية أساسية ‪basic medical help‬‬ ‫‪touch soil‬‬ ‫يلمس التربة‬
‫‪phrase / quickly‬‬ ‫عِ بارة ‪ /‬بسرعة‬ ‫‪food waste‬‬ ‫بقايا الطعام‬
‫‪nearby / trousers‬‬ ‫مجاور ‪ /‬بنطال‬ ‫‪mild burns‬‬ ‫حروق متوسطة‬
‫‪cleaners‬‬ ‫منظفات‬ ‫‪gardening‬‬ ‫اعمال الحديقة‬
‫‪replace / soil‬‬ ‫يستبدل ‪ /‬تربة‬ ‫‪a separate bin‬‬ ‫سلة منفصلة‬
‫‪pets‬‬ ‫حيوانات أليفة‬ ‫‪bookshelf‬‬ ‫رف الكتب‬
‫‪more often‬‬ ‫مراراً ‪ /‬مرات عديدة‬ ‫‪pressure / links‬‬ ‫ضغط ‪ /‬روابط‬
‫‪every time‬‬ ‫فى كل مرة‬ ‫‪trust / the UK‬‬ ‫يثق ‪ /‬المملكة المتحدة‬
‫ألكثر عدد من المرات ‪as often as possible‬‬ ‫‪actions‬‬ ‫أفعال‬
‫‪interpret‬‬ ‫يترجم فوريا ً‬ ‫‪online‬‬ ‫على النت‬
‫‪available / articles‬‬ ‫متاح ‪ /‬مقاالت‬ ‫‪open‬‬ ‫مفتوح‬

‫‪1‬‬
question (v.) ‫ يراجع‬/ ‫ يفحص‬/ ‫يشك فى‬ back hurting ‫ألم الظهر‬
report / surprising ‫ مدهش‬/ ‫تقرير‬ other research ‫ابحاث أخرى‬
DOs & DON’Ts ‫ما يجب و ماال يجب‬ the same topic ‫نفس الموضوع‬
Once a week ... ،‫ذات اسبوع‬ metal part ‫الجزء المعدنى‬
clean up ‫يقوم بالتنظيف‬ electrical cables ‫كابالت الكهرباء‬
respond ‫يستجيب‬ Wake up! ‫أستيقظ‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

take …in ‫يستنشق الهواء‬ think about ‫يفكر فى‬
take … out ‫يُخرج الهواء‬ move around ‫يتنقل فى الجوار‬
take ….off ‫ يأخذ اجازة‬/ ‫ يخلع‬/ ‫ٌتقلع‬ around the house ‫داخل المنزل‬
talk to …. About @... ‫ عن‬.. ‫يتحدث لـ‬ complain about ‫يشتكى بشأن‬
belong to …. ‫ ينتمى لـ‬/ ‫يخص‬ tie up ‫يربط‬
grow in … )‫يتكاثر فى (مكان‬ fall on the floor ‫يقع على األرض‬
protect …. Against ‫@ من‬.... ‫يحمى‬ close to the floor ‫قريب من األرض‬
carry … into … .. ‫ الى داخل‬.. ‫يحمل‬ a home for ‫موطن لـ‬
Do CPR ‫يقوم بإنعاش القلب‬ full off = filled with ‫مملوء بـ‬
move … away from ‫ بعيداً عن‬.. ‫ينقل‬ in a fire ‫أثناء أى حريق‬
Keep the bin clean ‫حافظ على نظافة السلة‬ a building on fire ‫مبنى مشتعل‬
make it difficult to ‫يجعل من الصعب أن‬ Be lying on the ground ‫راقداً على االرض‬
contact with @... ‫اتصال مع‬ on a website ‫على أحد مواقع النت‬
going into a house ‫يدخل الى اليبت‬ at the door ‫على الباب‬

Collocations‫ز‬
contain bacteria ‫يحوى بكتيريا‬ stay clean ً ‫يظل نظيفا‬
remove bacteria ‫يتخلص من البكتيريا‬ follow the rules ‫يتبع القواعد‬
carry bacteria ‫يحمل بكتيريا‬ break the law ‫يخالف القانون‬
change bedding ‫يغير كسوة الفراش‬ stay clean ً ‫يظل نظيفا‬
come home ‫يأتى للبيت‬ check his breath ‫يفحص تنفسه‬
become ill ‫يمرض‬ do something ‫يفعل شئ ما‬
drop food ‫يُسقط الطعام‬ say sorry ‫يتأسف‬
give medical care ‫يقدم رعاية صحية‬ have an allergy to ‫لديه حساسية تجاه‬
give advice ‫ يسدى نصيحة‬/ ‫يعطى‬ have exams coming up ‫لديه امتحانات قادمة‬
2eceive advice ‫يتلقى نصيحة‬ come back again ‫يعود مرة أخرى‬
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get angry / dirty ‫ يتسخ‬/ ‫ يغضب‬put pressure on ‫يضع ضغوط على‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
full filled / crowded / busy empty / hungry / thin
dirty muddy / mean / dishonest clean / decent / moral
bottom base / foot / underneath top / surface
at least not less than utmost
wrap cover / fold / surround uncover / reveal / disclose
evacuate empty / remove / abandon remain / continue / stay
burn light / heat / hurt / pain freeze
chop cut / divide / hack join / unite
interpret interpretation interpretive / interpretative

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
dust dust dusty
wrap wrapping wrapped
evacuate evacuation evacuated
burn burn / burning burning / burnt / burnable
endanger danger (s) dangerous
dirty dirt dirty
breathe breath breathless
replace replaceability replaceable
remove removal removable / removed
grow growth grown / growing
advise advice advisable / advised
injure injury injured / injurious
respond response responsive

Spot The Difference.

allergy sensitivity
research search
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 breathe breath
remember remind
ask for ask about
hygiene sanitation
rule role
law low
translate interpret
article essay
replace place / put
regularly gradually

Read the following carefully.

.Listening :.
Nurse: Today, I’m going to tell you what to do if you find a person who is lying on
the ground and not moving. Call the emergency services immediately. Then
you must check if there are any dangers near to the person, like electrical
cables. If there are any dangers, move the person away from them. When you
know they’re safe, shout ‘Hello!’ or ‘Wake up!’ and see if the person responds.
If the person doesn’t respond to you, put your face next to their face so you
can check their breathing. If the person isn’t breathing, the emergency services
will tell you how to do CPR so you can help the person start to breathe again.
Reading.
Hygiene at home: Seven DOs and DON’Ts for a healthy life
1. Take your shoes off:
The bottoms of your shoes can carry a lot of bacteria into you house. You
should always take your shoes off at the door.
2. No more dust:
Dust quickly comes back again after you’ve cleaned. However, dust can make
it diffucult to breathe and it can cause skin problems. You should clean your
house or flat as often as you can.
3. Wash the kitchen floor:
Food and drinks can easily fall on the kitchen floor. You should clean your
kitchen floor at least once a week. You should use warm, soapy water so you
can remove all the bacteria.
4. Change your bedding:

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 We spend a lot of our time asleep in bed. You should change your bedding at
least once every two weeks so bacteria can’t live in it.
5. Wash your hands after spending time with your pets:
Research has shown that contact with pets early in life can protect you against
allergies. But animals can also carry bacteria. If you touch your pet, you
shouldn’t touch anything else until you’ve washed your hands.
6. Stay clean in the garden:
You should wear gloves if you’re going to touch soil in the garden because it
can contain bacteria. You should wash your hands when you’ve finished
gardening, too.
7. Don’t forget to keep your bins clean:
A lot of bacteria can grow in your bin. You shouldn’t leave your bin open.
Hygiene rules around the world
- In the UK, you must put your food waste in a separate bin. In Thailand, you must
take your shoes off before going into someone's house.
- In the USA, you should offer to help clean up after dinner at a friend's house.
Dangerous Trousers!
Research has shown that you should only wear a pair of trousers for one day.
Bacteria can grow quickly in your trousers, so it’s a bad idea to wear them for
more than one day.
Always wash your hands!
Research has shown that people who wash their hands every time they come
home from outside don’t become ill as often as people who don’t.
How are you? I’m well, but I’m writing to ask for some advice. Do you remember
my neighbour, Mrs Zeinab? She had an accident last year and now she doesn’t
go out much. It isn’t easy for her to clean. I went to her flat yesterday and the
bins were full. The floor and kitchen were dirty, too. She complained about her
back hurting and I think she needs help, but I have a lot of exams coming up.
What do you think I should do?

Work-book Texts
Most people like to keep their homes clean, but there are many places that we
don’t think about and so they become full of dirt and bacteria. Research shows that
the deep cuts in chopping boards are often a home for bacteria because people don’t
clean them properly. Bacteria often move around our homes when we touch things,
so phones, tablets and computer keyboards often have a lot of bacteria on them, too.
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However, bacteria really love warm, wet places and so your kitchen sponge probably
has more bacteria than anything else in your home. Experts say that it’s most
important to wash our hands regularly. If we touch animals, we should wash our
hands, and we need to use a tissue when we sneeze to stop the bacteria spreading in
the air. They suggest using plastic chopping boards and giving them an extra clean
once a week. We should replace kitchen sponges every two weeks, and we can buy
special cleaners for phones, tablets and computers.

How are you? I hope you had a good weekend at the beach. Samy told me
about the argument you had with Hany. I think it would be a good idea to say that you
are sorry for getting angry. Stay calm and explain that he should ask you before he
borrows your things. I’m sure he will realise that he made a mistake and he will say
sorry too. Why don’t you talk to him tomorrow? I suggest talking to him in the morning
because he is usually busy on Sunday afternoons. Now I hope you can help me with
my problem. Do you remember that I was planning to clean my house at the
weekend? Well, I was busy and I forgot about it! The problem is that my parents are
coming home tomorrow and the house is really dirty. There’s dust everywhere and
there’s a strange smell in the kitchen! What should I do? Help!

Video Script
We need food to live, but if our food isn’t prepared hygienically, we can
have some serious health problems. That’s the reason why food hygiene is very
important, both in restaurants and shops, and at home. Before you start
cooking, you must wash your hands, so that there’s no bacteria on them. If you
have long hair, you should tie it up so no hairs will go into the food you’re
cooking. After that, you can take your ingredients, knives and other equipment
and start preparing the food. You must wash fruit and vegetables first. You
mustn’t touch the metal part of the knife while you’re using it.

Definitions.
blanket a warm cover on a bed
burn damage to the body caused by fire or heat
wrap cover something with cloth or paper
evacuate leave a place because it is not safe
immediately very quickly, without waiting
bacteria very small living things that cause diseases
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 breathe taking air in and out of your body
danger the possibility of being hurt or killed
CPR something you do to help someone take air in and out of their
body. ( Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation ‫( انعاش القلب الرئوى‬
first aid basic medical help given quickly
research studying something to find new facts about it
respond doing something when someone talks to you

Language Notes.
 soil: ‫تربة خصبة‬ - These plants only grow in a muddy soil.
 ground: )‫ أرض (خارج المنزل‬- Don't sit on the ground. You'll get wet.
 floor: ‫ دور‬/ ‫ طابق‬/ )‫ أرضية (المنزل‬- He lives in a flat on the second floor.
 dust: )‫ ذرى‬/ ‫ غبار (بالبيت‬/ ‫ تراب‬- We should remove this dust from houses.

 contain )‫ يحتوى على (ما يوجد داخل شئ ما‬- What does this box contain?
 include )‫ يشتمل على (جزء من كل ويمكن فصله‬- The list includes your name.
 consist of )‫ يتكون من (كل األجزاء‬- What does this dish consist of?

 help ……. inf. / to + inf. - I’ll help you do / to do your homework.

 spend time + v-ing / adj. … - I spent three hours asleep. / watching this film.
 stop …… + v-ing ….. - The policeman stopped him escaping.
 make …. inf. / adj… - Getting up late made it difficult for us to catch the train.
 keep ….. adj. …… - We should keep our food clean and healthy.

 When + v-ing … ‫ حقيقة‬/ ‫ عادة‬- When driving, you must stick to the right.
 On + v-ing … ‫ لمرة واحدة‬- On seeing Hani, I told him what happened.

 so much information / some salt / any advice / a lot of research …‫اسم ال يعد‬
 so many people / some books / any students / a lot of bacteria …… ‫اسم يعد‬
 Research has shown that …… ‫اسم ال يعد يعامل معاملة المفرد مع الفعل‬.

after / as soon as / when

‫ مضارع بسيط‬/ ‫مستقبل‬
before / by the time ‫مضارع تام أو بسيط‬
‫ أمر‬/ should
till / until
- You should wash your hands when you’ve finished gardening, too.
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- You shouldn’t touch anything else until you’ve washed your hands.
- It’s most important to wash your hands after you have touched your pets.
 a pair of shoes / trousers / jeans …. is / has …….. ‫الفعل مفرد‬
 Someone / Nothing / What + else ………. ً ‫ أيضا‬/ ‫آخر‬

Language Functions.
Giving Advice & Making Suggestions
- In my opinion, you should .................. - Why don’t you .................?
- In my opinion, you must .................. - I’d advise you to .................
- I think it would be a good idea to ............... - I think you should ………..

 Choose the correct answer:

1. We can no longer have confidence in the quality of the air we ……………….
a. breath b. breeze c. breathe d. breathing
2. My friend was given ……….….. by a medical doctor, to save his life.
a. CPR b. BCE c. DVD d. USA
3. You must leave immediately. You’re in great ………………. here.
a. dangerous b. danger c. safe d. safety
4. It’s illegal to use the fire alarm except in case of ……………….. .
a. fluency b. allergy c. frequencyd. emergency
5. The body often ………………… to stress by becoming ill.
a. responds b. calls c. answers d. asks
6. She has an …………………. to cow’s milk
a. alligator b. alacrity c. allergy d. energetic
7. The disease ………………… at least 120 people in England last year
a. saved b. rescued c. killed d. cured
8. There were four or five boxes …………….. toys and books.
a. containing b. consisting c. including d. sustaining
9. My brother and I always had ……………… rooms.
a. despair b. desperate c. promisingd. separate
10. Her forehead was ……………. with sweat.
a. vet b. wet c. shit d. net
11. It isn’t yet known whether these chemicals are ……………… to humans.
a. dangerous b. fabulous c. fascinating d. attending
12. We were told to stay …………… as help was on the way.
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 a. calm b. claim c. column d. cattle
13. Protestors threw stones at police, who …………….. with rubber bullets.
a. amended b. mended c. intended d. responded
14. Air ........................ has reached dangerous levels in some cities.
a. pollutionb. population c. expression d. evacuation
15. The public was not aware of the …………… from nuclear tests in Korea.
a. endanger b. endangered c. dangerous d. danger
16. There were clouds of …………….. in the distance as the truck approached.
a. cluster b. master c. mystery d. dust
17. Don’t …………….. any more wood; we’ve got enough.
a. shed b. sob c. cup d. chop
18. She picked up a ……………. and began cleaning the edges of the sink.
a. socket b. snatch c. sponge d. fork
19. My chest felt painful, and I was ………………. uncontrollably.
a. weaving b. coughing c. covering d. raffling
20. She …………………….. that she never had any time to herself.
a. applied b. complemented c. complimented d. complained
21. I took a long ………………… before speaking again.
a. breathe b. breath c. breeze d. breathing
22. Most people nowadays are aware of some of the …….. rules of healthy living.
a. basic b. base c. boss d. please
23. Restaurants are closed if they fail to maintain minimum standards of ……… .
a. sanitary b. hygiene c. hygienic d. healthy
24. Environmental groups want a total …………. on the dumping of nuclear
waste.
a. promotion b. prohibition c. cultivation d. proportion
25. Always wear ………. on your hands when gardening in order to protect them.
a. helmets b. socks c. gloves d. trousers
26. The dust was everywhere and she started coughing and …………….. .
a. realizingb. releasing c. squeezing d. sneezing
27. It’s hard these days to make a living from the …………….. .
a. soul b. seal c. sail d. soil
28. Teachers have to …………………. love among pupils.
a. publish b. speared c. print d. remove
29. Don’t …………….. with me – you know I’m right.
a. urge b. rage c. enlarge d. argue

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30. Anyone caught driving dangerously will automatically lose their ………….. .
a. lining b. credit c. thirst d. licence
31. You’d better come in or you’ll get ………………. .
a. witty b. pet c. wet d. wood
32. ………………. the cabbage finely and cook it in boiling salted water.
a. Cup b. Chop c. Solve d. Direct
33. We …………………… the stains on the wall with a fresh coat of paint.
a. suffered b. complained c. shaved d. covered
34. What’s the ………………. of her new book?
a. address b. title c. motel d. terrible
35. Do you know what ………………… volcanoes to happen?
a. makes b. lets c. reasons d. causes
36. She had thick black hair and smooth dark ………………
a. leather b. skin c. scout d. leader
37. A healthy lifestyle includes having a nutritious diet and good personal …..… .
a. title b. emergency c. fantasy d. hygiene
38. The authorities carried out several air ……..…….. for survivors of the crash.
a. researches b. searches c. curses d. verses
39. Smoking can seriously damage your …………..….. .
a. sound b. sane c. health d. well
40. Their cars have a reputation for ……………… and reliability.
a. safety b. safe c. safer d. safely
41. He walked away suffering from nothing more than ………………. pride.
a. injures b. injured c. injury d. injure
42. To keep it clean put it in warm ……………. water every two weeks.
a. sloppy b. ropy c. soapy d. copy
43. It is against the ……………….to park your car here.
a. know b. law c. clue d. below
44. Fortunately, there’re things we can do to help keep our homes and families ... .
a. safe b. safari c. safety d. save
45. Don't ………………… him a cigarette, he's trying to give up.
a. offer b. effort c. gives d. offend
46. She is 85 and still in very good …………….. .
a. filthy b. wealthy c. healthy d. health
47. Calm ………………….! The matter has been resolved.
a. off b. out c. down d. up
48. The residents of the city expressed …….. disapproval of unnatural products.
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 a. bedding b. emergency c. blanket d. casuality
49. A sailing ship can make no progress at all in a ………………… calm.
a. deed b. dead c. death d. dying
50. As long as I'm ……………….. that man will never set foot in my house!
a. life b. breathing c. having d. defaming
51. He puts in so little effort, as if he has an ………………… to hard work.
a. hygiene b. sanitation c. allergy d. curious
52. Susan ………………… the instructions into Harry's ear.
a. bathed b. breathed c. whisper d. exploded
53. I've been living abroad for 20 years, but I still consider the UK as my native ....
a. source b. soil c. sin d. suffer
54. It's important to ………………. friends when they are in need.
a. deal b. aid c. evacuate d. attain
55. . ……………… the top of the cake with icing sugar.
a. Publish b. Dig c. Drill d. dust
56. When she was sick, Linda asked her neighbors for ……………….. .
a. assist b. aid c. supportive d. death
57. The wet ground ………………… my shoes.
a. solved b. toiled c. coiled d. soiled
58. ………………..…. is very important in hospitals.
a. Clean b. Cleans c. Cleaned d. Cleanliness
59. Can you predict what will …………….… wrong if you eat bad food?
a. come b. go c. leave d. travel
60. People should take care of their personal ………………… .
a. sanitation b. flu c. hygiene d. infection
61. Cleanliness protects us …………… infections.
a. into b. with c. against d. of
62. Children's hands may be covered …………… germs.
a. with b. from c. of d. at
63. Hygiene is your ………….. cleanliness.
a. general b. own c. public d. generous
64. We should follow the ……………….… of hygiene.
a. roles b. rolls c. reels d. rules
65. Insects eat ….………. which contains a lot of germs.
a. dusk b. clean c. sock d. dirt
66. My uncle ………………… much because he smokes cigarettes.
a. eats b. coughs c. shocks d. ducks
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 67. The doctor …….….. him too much advice but he didn't follow it.
a. took b. did c. made d. gave
68. A few years ago, she …………………. a serious lung disease.
a. improved b. developed c. provided d. supplied

Language Focus
Should / must / mustn’t.

1. Subj. + should + Inf = Subj. + ought to + Inf

‫ كما تستخدم إلعطاء‬،‫ للتعبير عن اقتراح أو رأى المتكلم فى ما هو أفضل‬should ‫تستخدم‬

: ‫نصيحة (فى االمور الشخصية واآلداب واالرشادات العامة) بمعنى هذا أفضل من غيره‬
- You should take exercise. - You ought to apply for this job.
- You should travel by plane.It’s much faster.
- He should join a sports club. It will help him to keep fit.
- Should we take a rest after school? What should we do?
: should ‫والتعبيرات التالية تساوى استخدام‬
- If I were you, I'd + Inf … - It is advisable to + Inf
- It is desirable to + Inf - I advise you to + Inf
- It is a good idea (for you) to + Inf - I suggest + v-ing
- It would be a good thing to + Inf - You'd rather + Inf
- It's important ( for you ) to + Inf - You'd better + inf
- You’d rather eat fresh food. It’s healthier.
- We suggest inviting all our friends to our party next week.

2. Subj. + shouldn't + Inf = Subj. + oughtn't to + Inf

‫ للتعبير عن اقتراح أو نصيحة بعدم فعل شئ أو رأى المتكلم فى ما هو‬shouldn't ‫وتستخدم‬

:)‫ليس من الصواب فعله (االرشادات العامة‬
- You shouldn't eat with dirty hands. - You oughtn't to smoke.
: shouldn't ‫والتعبيرات التالية تساوى استخدام‬
- It is not advisable to + Inf - It's inadvisable to + Inf
- I suggest not + v-ing - I advise you not to + Inf
12
 - It's not a good thing to + Inf - If I were you, I wouldn't + Inf ……

3. Subj. + must + Inf = Subj. + have to / has to + Inf

:‫ عن الضرورة و اإللزام من وجهة نظر المتحدث أو بسبب المتعارف عليه‬must ‫ تعبر‬-
- I’m late. I must leave now. - You must respect your parents.
:‫ من وجود قواعد عامة أو قوانين ال يمكن تعديها‬f‫ عن نصيحة قوية تنبع‬must ‫ تعبر‬-
: )‫(مثل قواعد الصحة العامة والشخصية‬
- You must pay your taxes. - You must obey school rules.
- You must stop smoking. It’s destroying your health.
: ‫ فعل شئ ما‬f‫ عن دعوة حارة وتذكير النفس واالخرين بضرورة‬must ‫ تعبر‬-
- You must come around and see us.
: ‫ غالبا عند وجود ضرورة لسبب خارج عن ارادة المتحدث‬have / need to ‫ تستخدم‬-
- We have to go to school today. We have important exams.
: must / have to ‫ والتعبيرات التالية تساوى استخدام‬-
- It's necessary ( for you ) to + Inf - It’s a rule.
- It's a necessity ( for you ) to + Inf - You are obliged to + Inf
: ‫ وتساوى‬needn’t + inf ‫ الحظ أن نفى الضرورة يكون بـ‬-
Subj. + don't / doesn't + have / need to + Inf
- It's still early, you don't have to hurry.
- She doesn't need to buy sugar, there is much.

4. Subj. + mustn't + Inf

: ‫ للتعبير عن المنع والتحريم والحظر والنصيحة القوية ضد كل ما يضر‬mustn't ‫ نستخدم‬-

- You mustn't park your car here. It's forbidden.
- You mustn't touch an infected bird.
: mustn't ‫ والتعبيرات التالية تساوى استخدام‬-
- It's forbidden / prohibited / banned to + Inf / from + v-ing
- It's not allowed ( for you ) to + Inf
- You are not allowed / permitted to + Inf
@ Choose the correct answer :
1- You …………….. eat too much salt.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
13
2- When driving, you …………….. always stop at the red light.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
3- We …………….. to have different bins everywhere for food waste.
a) should b) must c) ought d) mustn't
4- There’s a lot of dust on the bookshelf. You ……….. clean your room more often.
a) should b) must c) need d) have
5- We ………….…. drop any food on the floor in the library.
a) needn’t b) oughtn’t c) shouldn't d) mustn't
6- I think you ……….. keep a person still if he or she has broken his or her arm.
a) ought b) must c) ‘d better d) shall
7- You …………….. talk when the teacher is explaining things to you.
a) should b) must c) oughtn’t d) mustn't
8- I …………….. breathe here. Please, open the windows.
a) can’t b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
9- You …………….. wash your hands after working in the garden.
a) should b) need c) shouldn't d) mustn't
10- You …………….. eat food after it falls on the floor.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
11- It’s better ………………. your keyboard frequently.
a) clean b) cleaning c) to clean d) to cleaning
12- You ...…….. drive a car without holding a driving licence. It's against the law.
a) oughtn’t b) needn’t c) shouldn't d) mustn't
13- It’s …………..to wash your hands very carefully with soap and a lot of water.
a) banned b) desirable c) forbidden d) prohibited
14- You ...................... clean your table even if it looks clean.
a) are allowed b) must c) need d) should
15- When you cook frozen food, you ....................... heat it to about 75°C or more.
a) need b) must c) ‘d like d) ought
16- We …………….. always cook chicken before we eat it.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
17- You’ve an important test at school next week. You should ..….. revising now.
a) start b) starting c) started d) to start
18- You ……………. always boil tap water before you drink it.
a) shouldn't b) can't c) mustn't d) should
19- You ………………. eat any food that smells bad.
a) must b) mustn't c) ought to d) oughtn’t

14
20- Rice …………….. have water in order to grow.
a) must b) should c) had better d) ought to
21- If you have touched an infected bird, you ……………… wash very well.
a) shouldn't b) must c) can't d) could
22- Children …………….. taught to respect their elders.
a) should be b) had better c) has to be d) must have
23- A: I’m putting on weight. B: You …………….. go on a diet.
a) ought b) had to c) needed to d) should
24- A: I’ve got a cold. B: Then you’d …………….. stay in bed.
a) need to b) better c) have to d) should
25- You ……………… cross the roads without looking. It’s dangerous.
a) needn’t b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have to
26- You ……………… turn on the central heating. It’s automatic.
a) must b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have to
27- The exams are next week. I ………………… work harder.
a) must b) mustn't c) has to d) don't have to
28- You …………….. do your homework. If you don’t, you’ll fail the examination.
a) must b) had to c) had better d) might
29- We ……………… leave now or we’ll miss the plane.
a) should b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have to
30- You …………….. park here as ther’s a no “No parking” sign.
a) have to b) can c) shouldn't d) mustn't
31- It’s a …………… to get a doctor at once.
a) necessary b) must c) should d) advice
32- You ……………….. park here. It says a “No Parking” area.
a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) don’t have to d) won’t
33- We haven’t got much time. We …………….. hurry.
a) needn’t b) must c) don’t have to d) has to
34- You ……………… throw away food if you think it is bad or poisonous.
a) mustn't b) ought c) shouldn't d) must
35- You ………….…… always take your shoes off at the door.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
36- In Thailand, you ….… take your shoes off before going into someone's house.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
37- You …………….. do it now. You can do it this afternoon.
a) mustn’t b) had better c) needn’t d) should
38- Vegetables …………….. be washed carefully.
15
 a) has to b) have to c) ought d) might
39- Do you think I ………………. tell the teacher what happened?
a) have to b) should c) need d) ought
40- Drivers ……..…….. stop their cars when the traffic lights are red.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
41- You ………………… drink this. It is poison.
a) shouldn't b) mustn't c) oughtn't d) needn't
42- You should ……….………. your parents and teachers.
a) obeyed b) obeys c) obey d) obeying
43- You ………….…… clean your kitchen floor at least once a week.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
44- In the UK, you ………….…… put your food waste in a separate bin.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
They suggest using plastic chopping boards and …………them an extra -45
.clean
a) give b) to give c) giving d) to giving
46- You ………….…… wash your hands, so that there’s no bacteria on them.
a) ought b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
47- You ………….…… touch the metal part of the knife while you’re using it.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
48- You ………….…… wash fruit and vegetables before you eat them.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
49- You …………….. park here. It's forbidden.
a) must b) mustn't c) ought to d) shouldn’t
50- It would be a good idea …………….. a lot in your free time.
a) read b) reading c) to read d) reads
51- You ……..…………. to eat sweets between meals.
a) oughtn’t b) mustn't c) ought d) shouldn’t
52- You ……………. smoke in hospitals. It's against the law.
a) must b) mustn't c) ought to d) shouldn’t
53- If I were you, I ……….……… take exercise.
a) will b) should c) would d) ought to
54- I think it is better ………………. the seatbelt when you drive.
a) wear b) wearing c) to wear d) wears
55- You'd better ………………. a first class ticket to travel by train.
a) get b) getting c) to get d) gets
16
55- It isn't ………………. to walk on the grass. Never do it.
a) banned b) forbidden c) prohibited d) allowed
56- You ………….…… clean your house or flat as often as you can.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
57- If you touch a pet, you ……….…… touch anything else until you’ve washed
your hands.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
58- In the USA, you ……..… offer to help clean up after dinner at a friend's house.
a) should b) need c) shouldn't d) mustn't
59- We ……..… to use a tissue when we sneeze to stop the bacteria spreading.
a) should b) must c) need d) mustn't
60- I ……… talking to him in the morning because he is usually busy after noon.
a) ‘d rather b) must c) ‘d better d) suggest
61- You ………….…… change your bedding at least once every two weeks.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
62- I advise you ………………… so many sweets.
a) to eat b) eating c) not to eat d) not eating
63- It's ………………. to go to the gym more often to keep fit.
a) advise b) advice c) advisable d) advising
64- You …………….. allowed to drive at more than 110 kph on the motorway.
a) aren’t b) don’t c) haven’t d) isn’t
65- It’s necessary for us ………………. economical.
a) be b) being c) are d) to be
66- Children are forbidden from ………….……. in the lake.
a) swimming b) to swim c) not to swim d) not swimming
67- I ……………….. you to relax after a long tiring work.
a) advise b) advice c) advisable d) advising
68- There is a "No Smoking " sign. We ………………… smoke here.
a) must b) mustn't c) should d) shouldn't
69- Drivers ……..…….. stop their cars when the traffic lights are red.
a) should b) must c) shouldn't d) mustn't
70- To drive a car, one …………………. get a licence first.
a) must b) mustn't c) should d) shouldn't

Exercises On Unit 7.

3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

17
 Humans, unlike many other animals eat everything. We require both
vegetable and meat to be fully healthy; though some humans manage to survive
reasonably healthily whilst consuming no animal products at all, finding their
protein mainly in nuts and seeds. To carry out its many complicated functions, the
human body requires different chemicals and substances. All of the nutrition we
take in can be put in 1 of 7 categories. These are proteins, carbohydrates, fibre,
minerals, vitamins, fats and water.
Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. Proteins allow the body to
repair itself and grow. Fibre aids the digestive system. Minerals and vitamins are
required for many reasons; lack in any vitamin or mineral can lead to illnesses.
Vitamins are essential for normal growth and development. Fats are often
unnecessary, and many are bad for you. The body doesn't need to take in most
fats, but the fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6.
The body is around 70% water. If water isn't consumed, the body will
dehydrate. The body loses water in excretion, sweating and breathing. It is advised
you should have a balanced diet, taking in food from each of the food groups, in
proportion.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1- ……………………… provides us with energy.
a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Minerals d) Fibre
2- Our body loses water in ………………………… .
a) excretion and sweating only. b) sweating and breathing only.
c) excretion, sweating and breathing. d) none of the previous
3- The word " these " refers to …………………… .
a) nutrition b) catalogues c) categories d) dialogues
4- Everyone should have a ……………………….. diet.
a) balanced b) one c) fixed d) alone
B) Answer the following questions:
5- What does the human body need to carry out its functions?
6- Why does the human body need different chemicals and substances?
7- Find the meanings in the passage meaning:
a) very important b) shortage
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
One of the results of technology and pollution grown is the increase of
water pollution throughout the world. According to a United Nations report the
18
 future of all life on earth will be endangered if man does not control contamination
of the environment. It’s time we realized the full extent of the dangers that face
mankind. For instance, here in Egypt, look at our River Nile. It is strange to see
how everything is thrown into it as if it were our litter basket. Instead of keeping it
clean and pure, we pollute it. We, ourselves, not our enemies, dirty it with our own
hands. Some farmers wash themselves, their clothes, their animals, their pots and
pans in its water. They even throw away their dead animals, and birds into it.
Some people living in cities and towns throw their old tyres and broken bottles and
rusty tins into it. Factories throw their waste chemicals and garbage. In this way
the Nile water gets poisoned, kills fish, poisons land, weakens crops and destroys
health. So it would be foolish to shut our eyes to the dangers of pollution that man
causes to the very thing on which his life depends. Please, keep our Nile clean.
B) Choose the correct answer :
1- The best title for this passage is ………………… .
a) air pollution b) noise pollution c) water pollution d) the Nile
2- Contamination means ……………….. .
a) full extent b) realize c) pollution d) environment
3- Technology led to …………………. of the Nile.
a) pollution b) dangers c) poison d) growth of population
4- The opposite of the word pure is …………………. .
a) impure b) umpire c) disperse d) allure
A) Answer the following questions :
5- In what way has technology led to the increase of water pollution?
6- How do people in the countryside dirty the Nile?
7- Why does the writer describe the people who pollute the Nile as “enemies”?

4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:

a) Healthy food b) How to protect ourselves from infection
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1- Vitamins are very essential for good health. Their absence causes serious diseases. Foods that
contain vitamins are often called protective foods because they protect us from many serious diseases.
2- Research has shown that you should only wear a pair of trousers for one day. Bacteria can grow
quickly in your trousers, so it’s a bad idea to wear them for more than one day.

19
‫‪3- Some people prefer the simple and healthy life of the country. There, they avoid the smoke of‬‬
‫‪factories, the speed of city life and the crowded means of transport. They also enjoy the fresh country air‬‬
‫‪and the beauty of nature.‬‬
‫‪4- You should be careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Eating certain foods can make‬‬
‫‪it easier for the digestive system to work.‬‬
‫‪5- Washing your hands properly can help prevent the spread of the germs like bacteria and viruses that‬‬
‫‪cause you to catch diseases and infections.‬‬
‫‪b- Translate into English:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬يجب علينا أن نستخدم أحدث الطرق التكنولوجية فى جميع مجاالت االنتاج فى مصر لكى نفى بمعايير التصدير المطلوبة فى كثير‬
‫من دول العالم‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫‪ -2‬كان للعلماء والمفكرين العرب أثرا كبيرا على الحضارة الغربية‪ ،‬فكثير منهم كانوا روادا فى العديد من فروع العلم والثقافة المختلفة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬تثبت األزمات ان الشعب المصرى بتسامحه وحضارته عصى على التفرقة والنزاعات التى أدت الى انهيار كثير من المجتمعات‬
‫والدول فى المنطقة حولنا‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬يعتمد تقدم أى أمة على تعاون أفرادها ووحدتهم مع تمسكهم بالعلم والقيم التى يعتمد عليها المجتمع والتى تتوارثها األجيال على مر‬
‫العصور‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬يجب أن تهتم الحكومة بالمشروعات القومية الكبرى التى توفر فرص العمل وتدعم خطط التنمية وتزيد فرص النمو االقتصادى‬
‫واالجتماعى مما يؤدى الى ارتفاع مستوى المعيشة‪.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫‪Unit 8 : Robots.‬‬
‫‪Vocabulary.‬‬
‫‪The robot‬‬ ‫االنسان األلى‬ ‫‪a translation‬‬ ‫ترجمة‬
‫‪navigate‬‬ ‫يبحر ‪ /‬يحدد االتجاهات‬ ‫‪an app‬‬ ‫تطبيق الكترونى‬
‫‪vehicle‬‬ ‫مركبة ‪ /‬سيارة‬ ‫)‪a quiz (quizzes‬‬ ‫مسابقة معلومات‬
‫‪familiar‬‬ ‫مألوف‬ ‫‪a chat‬‬ ‫دردشة ودية‬
‫‪invention‬‬ ‫اختراع‬ ‫‪feedback‬‬ ‫رد فعل ‪ /‬تغذية راجعة‬
‫‪GPS‬‬ ‫نظام تحديد المواقع العالمى‬ ‫‪learning online‬‬ ‫التعلم االلكترونى‬
‫‪hybrid car‬‬ ‫سيارة هجين‬ ‫‪summary‬‬ ‫ملخص‬
‫‪click‬‬ ‫ينقر ‪ /‬نقرة (ضغطة)‬ ‫‪documentary‬‬ ‫وثيقة ‪ /‬موثق‬
‫‪button‬‬ ‫زر (فى مالبس أو لوحة)‬ ‫‪texts‬‬ ‫نصوص‬
‫‪a tablet‬‬ ‫كمبيوتر لوحى‬ ‫‪human being‬‬ ‫أنسان ‪ /‬بشر‬
‫‪transport‬‬ ‫المواصالت ‪ /‬ينقل‬ ‫‪make notes‬‬ ‫يعمل مالحظات‬
‫‪stress‬‬ ‫توتر ‪ /‬ضغط‬ ‫‪foreign languages‬‬ ‫لغات أجنبية‬
‫‪philosopher‬‬ ‫فيلسوف‬ ‫‪a thing of the past‬‬ ‫شئ من الماضى‬
‫‪printing press‬‬ ‫الصحافة المطبوعة‬ ‫‪programme‬‬ ‫برنامج ‪ /‬يبرمج‬
‫‪technological device‬‬ ‫جهاز تقنى‬ ‫‪feel sure‬‬ ‫يشعر بتأكد‬
‫‪memory‬‬ ‫ذاكرة‬ ‫‪most cars‬‬ ‫معظم السيارات‬
‫‪school work‬‬ ‫عمل مدرسى‬ ‫‪benefit‬‬ ‫فائدة ‪ /‬يستفيد‬
‫‪school project‬‬ ‫مشروع دراسى‬ ‫‪whether‬‬ ‫سواء ‪ /‬اذا‬
‫‪air coditioning‬‬ ‫تكييف هواء‬ ‫‪luxury‬‬ ‫ترف ‪ /‬فخامة‬
‫‪comments‬‬ ‫تعليقات‬ ‫‪exactly‬‬ ‫بالضبط‬
‫‪really useful‬‬ ‫مفيد حقا ً‬ ‫‪Not exactly‬‬ ‫ليس بالضبط‬
‫‪need to‬‬ ‫فى حاجة الى‬ ‫‪brainstorm‬‬ ‫عصف ذهنى‬
‫‪even if‬‬ ‫حتى لو‬ ‫‪guess / imagine‬‬ ‫يخمن ‪ /‬يتخيل‬
‫‪for example‬‬ ‫على سبيل المثال‬ ‫‪fortunately‬‬ ‫لحسن الحظ‬
‫‪consequences‬‬ ‫نتائج ‪ /‬عواقب‬ ‫‪electricity‬‬ ‫كهرباء‬

‫‪21‬‬
global ‫عالمى‬ engine ‫ موتور‬/ ‫محرك‬
positioning system ‫نظام تحديد المواقع‬ long distances ‫مسافات طويلة‬
abroad ‫فى الخارج‬ shops / companies ‫ شركات‬/ ‫محالت‬
machine ‫آلة‬ shopping list ‫قائمة تسوق‬
cleaning ‫التنظيف‬ communication ‫ تواصل‬/ ‫اتصال‬
admit / argue ‫ يجادل‬/ ‫يعترف‬ somewhere ‫مكانا ً ما‬
software ‫برامج كمبيوتر‬ What type ‫@ ؟‬... ‫ما نوع‬
smartphone ‫تليفون زكى‬ directions ‫اتجاهات‬
cost ‫ تكلفة‬/ ‫يُكلف‬ mean / petrol ‫ بنزين‬/ ‫ يعنى‬- ‫يقصد‬
positive ‫ايجابى‬ personal details ‫تفاصيل شخصية‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

find out ‫يكتشف‬ drive the engine ‫يشغل المحرك‬
go out ‫يخرج‬ Be controlled by ‫يتم التحكم فيه بواسطة‬
get around ‫ يسافر‬/ ‫يتنقل‬ write down ‫ يسجل بالكتابة‬/ ‫يدون‬
concentrate on ‫يركز على‬ Be programmed to ‫مبرمج على‬
find information about ‫يجد معلومات عن‬ Be interested in ‫مهتم بـ‬
find information for ‫يجد معلومات لـ‬ riding on a bicycle ‫يركب على دراجة‬
careful about ‫حريص بشأن‬ turn on / off ‫ يقفل‬/ ‫يفتح‬
go long distances ‫يسافر لمسافات طويلة‬ In conclusion ‫ونتيجة لذلك‬
travel a long way ‫يسافر مسافة طويلة‬ in the 20th century ‫فى القرن العشرين‬
do a lot more things ‫يفعل أشياء أكثر بكثير‬ in just five minutes ‫خالل خمس دقائق فقط‬
give opinion about ‫يعبر عن رأيه فى‬ On the one hand ‫من ناحية‬
need help with ‫يحتاج مساعدة بشأن‬ On the other hand ‫من الناحية األخرى‬
familiar with ‫مألوف لدى‬ There’s a danger with ‫هناك خطر بشأن‬
communicate with ‫يتواصل مع‬ from one place to another ‫من مكان آلخر‬
know how to @..... ‫يعرف كيفية‬ worried about ‫قلق بشأن‬

Collocations‫ز‬
put … together ً ‫ معا‬... ‫ يضع‬get information ‫يحصل على معلومات‬
have an effect on ‫ له تأثير على‬collect information ‫يجمع معلومات‬
enjoy free time ‫ يستمتع بوقت الفراغ‬share information ‫يشارك معلومات‬
do well / badly ً ‫ سيئا‬/ ً ‫ يؤدى أداءًأ حسنا‬take years ‫يستغرق سنوات‬
discuss consequences ‫ يناقش النتائج‬save money ‫يوفر مال‬
22
cycle around ‫يتجول بالدراجة‬ find an answer ‫يجد إجابة‬
press a button ‫يضغط زر‬ leave a comment ‫يترك تعليق‬
offer advantages ‫يقدم مميزات‬ go / get online ‫يدخل على النت‬
get somewhere ‫يصل لمكان ما‬ cause problems ‫يسبب مشاكل‬
get answers ‫يحصل على االجابات‬ lead to problems ‫يؤدى الى مشاكل‬
make life easier ‫يجعل الحياة أسهل‬ relax and have fun ‫استرخ واستمتع‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
benefit advantage / profit loss / damage
collect gather / raise / get scatter / divide / distribute
navigate guide / direct / drive mislead
useful hepful / effective / proper useless / vain / worthless
positive effective / productive negative / useless
advantages merits / upsides / pros demerits / downsides / cons
extreme severe / radical / harsh moderate / mild / average
stressful tough / hard / strained relaxing / easy / calm
online connected offline

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
invent invention invented / inventive
translate translation translated / translatable
benefit benefit beneficial
collect collection / collective collected / collective
use usage / usability used / useful / usable
cost cost / costing costly / costless
navigate navigation navigational / navigable
transport transportation transportable
memorize memory / memorization memorial
document documentation documentary
hybridise hybridisation hybrid

23
 Spot The Difference.
electric electrical
like as
app application
invention discovery
quiz competition
translator interpretor
account maths
collection variety
cycle drive
sail fly
post puplication
memory souvenir
advice tips
improve prove
degree grade
event incident
electric electronic
article composition
address title

Read the following carefully.

.Listening :.
Ahmed: Well, the reason that we have the internet is so that people in different
countries can talk to each other very easily and get answers to their
questions very quickly. Although we need this fast and easy communication,
it can lead to problems if people spend too much time talking online and
don’t work or study enough. I wouldn’t say that the internet has caused a lot
of problems, but I think it has caused some.
Mustafa: The problem with the internet is that it makes people feel like they aren’t
good enough. If you go online, you see all these photos of beautiful people
on luxury holidays and you think ‘Why isn’t my life like that?’ This makes
some people really unhappy. Perhaps we should all concentrate on our own
lives and our own friends and not use the internet anymore.
------------------------------------------------------------------
24
Amal: Technology is so useful when you’re learning something, Hana! You can
find the information you need really quickly. If you don’t understand a word
when you’re reading a text, you can find the translation for it.
Hana: You’re right, Amal, but does that really help you to learn? I think that if you
learn something, you remember it and you can use it when you’re talking or
writing. Technology can’t help you remember things or write texts.
Amal: Well, not exactly, but if you use a language app, for example, you can do
quizzes about new words to help you remember them. And there are apps
that give you feedback on your writing so you can do it better next time.
Hana: I understand what you’re saying. That’s just not the way I learn. I prefer
using a pen and paper and making notes in my notebook. I don’t need a
smartphone.
Amal: That’s OK. Everyone’s different. For me, the best thing about using
technology to learn is that you can chat to people from all over the world
online. That’s really nice when you’re doing your homework on your own. If
you have questions, they’ll help you.

Reading.
What is the best invention that we have today
and why is it so great?
The internet is the best invention that we have today. You can find
information about anything you’re interested in. It’s really useful if you need to find
out something for a school project, for example. I’d never be able to do my
homework without it! The internet also makes life easier in your free time. You can
buy anything you want online with a click of a button. You can also communicate
with your friends easily, even if they live abroad.
GPS (Global Positioning System) is the best invention. GPS helps you to
navigate your journey from one place to another. You can use it when you visit a
town that you aren’t familiar with. In the past, people needed maps to get around,
but GPS is more useful because it just tells you what to do. If you don’t know how
to get somewhere, the technology will tell you exactly where to go.
Most cars, buses and other vehicles need petrol, but petrol is becoming
more expensive. What would we do if we didn’t have petrol? Fortunately, we now
have hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles use both petrol and electricity to drive the
engine. For this reason, the vehicle uses a lot less petrol. There are also cars that

25
are only electric. At the moment, they cannot go long distances, although they are
useful to travel short distances, like to school or to the shops.
I have chosen the robot as the best invention. A robot is a machine that is
controlled by a computer. Robots can do some of the things that people can do,
like cleaning or putting parts together in a car factory. We have had robots for a
long time, but today robots can do a lot more things than robots could do in the
past. In my opinion, the robot is the best invention because it makes people’s
lives easier and it helps companies to save money when they make things like
cars.
- I like technology a lot and I use it every day. It helps me find information for my
school work and I can buy things easily online. But technology isn’t always a
good thing. It can lead to a lot of stress and it can stop people enjoying their
free time.
- I don’t know what I would do without technology! It makes life easier and you
can do things so much faster. And how would we travel without technology?
You can travel from Cairo to London in just five hours in a plane!

Work-book Texts
Is technology always a good thing?
This question has been asked for many years but has anyone found an
answer? On the one hand, there are always dangers with new technology. More than
two thousand years ago, a Greek philosopher called Socrates was worried that writing
things down would stop students using their memories. In the 16th century, following
the invention of the printing press, a Swiss philosopher called Conrad Gessner
thought that books would give people too much information. And in the 20th century,
many people thought that the radio would make it difficult for students to think about
their studies. On the other hand, technology usually offers some advantages. Books
and writing are seen as positive things today and most people think that their
advantages are more important than any disadvantages. In conclusion, perhaps it
takes many years before we can see clearly whether new technology is good or bad.

Hala: Hi Randa. Did you watch the documentary on technology last night? I must say
that it was really surprising!
Randa: No, I didn’t but my brother told me about it this morning. Now he’s worried
that his phone is collecting information about him.

26
Hala: Yes, I understand why he thinks that. The documentary said internet
companies are collecting information about us. For example, they know where we
go because they can find that information is in our GPS.
Randa: I don’t use GPS, so that’s OK. But can you imagine life without the internet?
Hala: No, I guess not. On the one hand, it's very useful for many things. But on the
other hand, we should be careful about what we do with our personal details and
who we give them to.
Randa: Yes. I have to admit that's true. I never share my personal information online.
And now my brother won’t even turn on his phone.
Hala: That seems extreme. I think we should be fine if we are careful. I would argue
that we need to think carefully about the information we share.

Video Script
Will people need to learn foreign languages in the future? Or will
technology speak them for us? Some people think that if apps and translation
software continue to improve over the next ten to twenty years, language
lessons will become a thing of the past. But can an app or a piece of software
really communicate like a person can? They can definitely translate words, or
even whole sentences, from one language to another. But they can’t smile at the
person you’re talking to and show them that you really mean what you’re saying.
When you speak in a foreign language, you speak to another human being and
human beings find it difficult to become friends with smartphones or computers –
we are programmed to prefer other human beings. That’s why we can feel sure
that learning languages still has a future.

Definitions.
translation words changed into another language.
app software on your smartphone.
quiz questions to find out how much you know.
chat to communicate with other people online.
feedback information about how well or badly you did something.
find out learn something that you didn’t know before.
get around travel from place to place.
go out leave your home to do something fun with other people.
robot a machine that is controlled by a computer can do some of the

27
 things that people can do.
hybrid vehicles that use both petrol and electricity to drive the engine.
GPS an app that navigates your journey from one place to another.

Language Notes.
 In the end, ……. - In the end, he found his kidnapped son.
 At the end of + ‫… مفعول‬. - At the end of the film, he found his son.
 By the end of + ‫… مفعول‬. - By the end of the day, they had painted the flat.

 Discovering that he was a theif, I told the police at once.

= When I discovered that ………… v-ing ‫يمكن ربط جملتين باستخدام‬

 prefer + v-ing … ‫ يفضل بصفة عامة‬- I prefer reading detective stories.

 prefer + to + inf. … ‫يفضل لمرة واحدة‬- I prefer to read a comic story now.

 Wherever ‫ اينما‬/ ‫ فى أى مكان‬- Watch him wherever he goes.

 Whenever ‫ حيثما‬/ ‫ فى أى وقت‬- Call me whenever you need help.
 Whoever ‫ مهما يكن‬/‫ أى شخص‬- Say I’m busy whoever ask to meet me.
 Whatever ‫ ايا ً كان‬/ ‫ أى شئ‬- I’ll eat whatever you cook.
 Whichever ‫ ايهما‬/ ‫أى شئ‬ - I’ll buy one of the two; whichever you choose.

 The + ‫…… صفة مقارنة‬., the + ‫ كلما‬........ ‫ صفة مقارنة …… كلما‬.......

- The earlier you start the better.

 much / a lot / far + ‫ بكثير‬.…… ‫ صفة مقارنة‬- There will be a lot less petrol.
 a little / a bit / slightly + ‫ صفة مقارنة … بقليل‬- He’s a little taller than me.

 hundred thousand million billion - ‫ال ُتجمع طالما سبقها رقم مفرد أو جمع‬
- Two thousand years ago, there was a big flood in this area.
- Thousands of people refused the new tax. - ‫ولكن الحظ الجمع بدون اسم قبلها‬:

 everyday ‫ صفة تسبق اسم‬- This is my everyday routine.

 every day ‫ ظرف يأتى فى آخر الجملة‬- I go to work on the bus every day.

 even if + ‫ تناقض‬- I’ll come with you even if I’m busy.

28
 ready for + v-ing / noun … ‫ جاهز لـ‬- We are ready for leaving the school.
 ready to + inf. … ‫ مستعد لـ‬- We are ready to join the competition.

 help + inf. = help to + inf. ….. - Help me (to) carry this box.
 help ….. with + )‫اسم (نشاط‬ - I’ll help you with the washing up.
 help ….. in + )‫اسم (مجال‬ - This helps in tourism industry.

 thanks for … ‫ شكراً على‬- Thanks for your help. You're very kind.
 thanks to. … ‫ بسبب‬/ ‫ بفضل‬- Thanks to technology, our lise is better.
.‫ تصف الفاعل‬ing ‫ تصف المفعول بينما الصفات المنتهية بـ‬ed ‫ الصفات المنتهية بـ‬: ‫ الحظ‬-

Language Functions.
Discussing causes and results
- The reason that we have …………… is so that ……………… .
- Although we need ………….. it can lead to …………………. .
- The problem with ………………… is that ………………… .
- Perhaps we should / shouldn’t ……………………………. .
- One day, we will all be able to …………………………… .

 Choose the correct answer:

1. I like reading ( inline – online – outline – offline ) posts about the advantages of
new technology on different websites.
2. I read an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of ( making – doing –
meeting – having ) technology in the house.
3. We had a fruitful discussion ( on – in – at – for ) how technology can improve
learning.
4. He later realized the ( sequences – consequences – squads – squires ) of his
bad deeds.
5. People have different views ( related – relating – relation – relationship ) to
technology.
6. The internet is the most useful invention if you need help ( at – about – for –
with ) your school work.
7. Hybrid vehicles use ( either – neither – each – both ) petrol and electricity to
drive the engine.
8. You can find information about anything you’re ( interested – fond – excited –
interesting ) in.
29
9. I ( had – would – did – could ) never be able to do my homework without the
internet.
10. By just a few ( clocks – clicks – cloaks – clauses ) on the mouse you can buy
what you want.
11. To operate this machine just press this ( desk – button – parton – bitty ).
12. We can also ( contact – communicate – connect – touch ) with your friends
easily through the internet .
13. GPS stands for Global ( Positioning – Positioned – Positional – positions )
System.
14. The Chinese were the first to ( do – make – invite – give ) the invention of
papyrus .
15. What qualities shoud you have to ( make – be – do – invent ) a good inventor?
16. GPS helps you to ( navigate – investigate – magistrate – state ) your journey
from one place to another.
17. You can go from place to ( other – another – others – either ) places easily by
using GPS.
18. When he moved to his new neighborhood , he wasn’t ( famous – known –
familiar – shown ) with this area.
19. Some tourists use maps in Cairo to get ( in – round – around – random ).
20. GPS can just ( tell – say – mention – expect ) you what to do.
21. Most ( vehicles – carts – carriages – horses ) need fuel to run.
22. ( Hybrid – Hybird – Highlight – high heels ) vehicles use both petrol and
electricity to drive the engine.
23. In some cars ( electric – electrical – electricity – electronics ) is needed to
drive the engine.
24. People will use more ( electric – electrical – electricity – electronics ) cars in
the near future.
25. We can see them in the ( distant – distance – destination – destiny ).
26. Something that is well-known to you and easy to recognize is ( fabulous –
knowing – familiar – shown ).
27. ( Sail – Walk – Navigate –Travel ) is to find a way when you are travelling from
one place to another.
28. He was asked to quit as he wasn't familiar ( in – at – of – with ) the team
member .
29. I have chosen the robot ( like – as – such as – similar ) the best invention.

30
30. A robot is a ( tool – machine – appliance – advice ) that is controlled by a
computer.
31. They left home to ( make – do – give – have ) something fun with other
people.
32. I always ( make – do – have – give ) fun with my young children .
33. My friend has installed an ( air conditioning – air conditioner – air condition –
condition ) at his home recently .
34. Robots can ( do – make – give – take ) a lot of things that can help us in our
daily life .
35. Robots help many companies ( safe – save – safety – safely ) a lot of money.
36. You should make a good ( choose – shoes – choice – chose ).
37. All what he says to me is ( usual – usually – unusual – visual ) true.
38. You need some help ( in – with – on – at ) your homework.
39. When I need something concerning my work , I ( look – find – research –
serve ) online.
40. You should have a good ( degree – grade – grid – label ) to get through the
final exam.
41. He was praised for the great project he had ( made – done – given – taken ).
42. You should never share your ( personnel – personally – person – personal )
information online.
43. What would you do if you couldn’t use the internet ( never – ever – every –
over ) again?
44. Using the internet sometimes ( do – make – causes – finds ) problems.
45. His illness is a direct ( cause – result – reason – justification ) of drinking
polluted water.
46. I have to ( tell – deny – advert – admit ) that what you have said is true.
47. Egypt is a ( leader – leading – leadership – leadless ) country in the region.
48. Polluting the air will lead to ( destroying – destroy – be destroying – have
destroyed ) the world.
49. One day, we ( are – will – can – have ) all be able to explore the outer space.
50. You should ( tell – talk – give – take ) an opinion about this matter.
51. How can technology help us to ( teach – learn – explain – qualify ) about our
world?
52. People should use ( worlds – words – wards – weirdoes ) to communicate
with each other and to talk.

31
53. The documentary I watched last night was really ( surprise – surprised –
surprising – surprisingly ).
54. When you change words into another language, then you are ( transplanting –
translating – transporting – transforming ).
55. You can find ( at – on – of – out ) a lot of information online.
56. I had a ( speak – chat – chit – sheet ) with him on WhatsApp yesterday.
57. The information about how well or badly you did something is called ( feed
buck – feedback – feed rack – feed sack ).
58. I want to know the ( coast – cost – coarse – cast ) of an online course.
59. Language ( apes – ups – apps – abs ) are useful because they can help us to
remember words.
60. You should ( prove – proof – improve – approve ) your language to get this
job.
61. You should write things ( up – down – on – with ) when you are learning
something.
62. I think the tablet is a very important ( tool – appliance – invent – device ).
63. I watched a documentary ( on – of – with – for ) technology last night.
64. Technology may be ( stress – stressed – stressful – stresses ) and can stop
people enjoying their free time.
65. What is the advantage of having ( so – too – such – very ) an expensive car.
66. Nowadays , the car can find the place you want to ( arrive – reach – visit – get
) to easily.
67. She has a very good ( memorial – memory – memorized – mortal ) she can
remember many people shemet years ago.
68. I love travelling and ( inventing – exposing – discovering – looking ) new
cultures and meeting new people.
69. When you travel ( aboard – broad – board – abroad ) you should learn foreign
languages well.
70. He likes to cycle around town as he prefers to travel on ( cars – vans – planes
– two wheels ).

Language Focus.
Conditionals ‫الجمل الشرطية‬
The Zero Conditional.

32
 ‫‪If / When‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬مضارع بسيط ‪+‬‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫تستخدم ‪ if‬فى الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن عادات متكررة وقوانين وحقائق ثابتة غالبا ً ما تكون‬
‫علمية كقوانين الطبيعة أو الفيزياء أو الفلك ‪:‬‬
‫‪-If plants don’t get enough water, they die.‬‬
‫‪-If you heat ice, it melts.‬‬ ‫‪- If I'm free, I go to the library.‬‬
‫ويمكن إستخدام ‪ when‬بدالً من ‪ If‬فى الحالة الصفرية‪( .‬وخصوصا فى الحقائق)‬
‫‪- When you boil water, it turns into steam.‬‬
‫‪- When I'm thirsty, I drink water.‬‬
‫ويمكن أن تستخدم الحالة الصفرية في المبنى للمجهول ‪:‬‬
‫‪- If metals are heated, they expand.‬‬
‫‪- Metals contract when they are cooled.‬‬
‫‪The First Conditional.‬‬
‫مضــــارع بسيـــــــط‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪will‬‬ ‫الــمـــــصدر ‪+‬‬
‫‪If‬‬
‫‪ ,‬أمـــر – نـــهي – رجـــــاء‬ ‫مضــــارع بسيــــــــط‬
‫‪- If you meet Osama, give him this letter please.‬‬
‫‪If the sun shines, we will go out - .‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬امكانية ( احتمال ) حدوث شيء في المستقبل‪.f‬‬
‫‪ -2‬توقعات ( تنبؤات) أو وعود في المستقبل‪.If you play well, you will win - .‬‬
‫‪ -‬مــالحــظــات ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬يمكن استخدام ‪ can, may, might, should, must, had better, let’s‬بدال من ‪will‬‬
‫‪ -2‬يمكن تكوين سؤال علي الحالة األولي بـ ‪What‬‬
‫?فعل الشرط (مضارع بسيط) ‪ + do + if +‬فاعل ‪What + will +‬‬
‫?‪- What will you do if you get a job‬‬
‫‪ -3‬يمكن استخدام ‪ Should‬بدال من ‪ if‬في الحالة األولي ويأتى بعدها الفاعل ثم المصدر‪:‬‬
‫‪- If he studies hard, he will succeed.‬‬
‫‪- Should he study hard, he will succeed.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬نستخدم الحالة االولى وليس الحالة الصفرية اذا وجد بالجملة كلمات محددة مثل ‪:‬‬
‫‪tonight, tomorrow, here, there, this, that, these, those‬‬
‫‪- If it rains tonight, I won't go out.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬أهم ما يم‪ff‬يز الحالة الص‪ff‬فرية أنها تع‪ff‬بر عن حالة عامة ليس لها عالقة ب‪ff‬أى زمن مح‪ff‬دد أما‬
‫الحالة األولى فتعبر عن شئ له حالة محددة فى المستقبل‪ f‬أو الحاضر (لمرة واحدة) ‪:‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
- If it’s cold, people wear heavy clothes. )ً‫حالة عامة (دائما‬
- If it’s cold outside, we’ll wear our coats.)‫لمرة واحدة (اآلن‬
The Second Conditional.
If + ‫مــاضـــي بسيــط‬ , would + ‫الــمـــــــصدر‬
- If she studied, she would succeed.
:‫ في الحاالت االتية‬f‫ تستخدم الحالة الثانية‬-
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث غير محتمل فى المضارع أو افتراض مناقض للواقع أو حالة وهمية‬-1
- If I didn't feel so tired, I'd go out with you.
= I can't go out with you as I'm so tired.
- If I were rich, I would buy a car.
= Because I'm not rich, I can't buy a car.
If I were you, I'd see a - : ‫ إعطاء النصيحة فى المضارع‬-2

Notes ‫ مالحظات‬.doctor
: would ‫ بدال من‬could, might ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-1
- If he were strong enough, he could carry the heavy bag.
: f‫ ) مع كل الضمائر واألسماء في الحالة الثانية‬were( ‫ تستخدم‬-2
- If he were a doctor, he would help us.
: )If( ‫ ) بدال من‬Should( ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-3
- If he arrived early, he would meet us. ( Should )
Should ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫………… فاعل‬, …. will / would + inf ……
- Should he arrive early, he would meet us.
: ‫) ولها حالتان‬If( ‫) بدال من‬were( ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-4
:‫) وبعدها باقى الجملة‬---- Were( ‫) ونبدأ‬if( ‫– اذا كانت موجودة في الجملة نحذف‬
- If I were rich, I would help them. = Were I rich, I would help them.
: ‫– اذا لم تكن موجودة في الجملة نتبع الشكل اآلتي‬
Were + ‫ فاعل‬+ to + ‫ ……… مصدر‬, ……… would + inf ………
- If he studied hard, he would get high marks.
- Were he to study hard, he would get high marks.
: ‫) كاالتى‬If( ‫) بدال من‬Had( ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-5
Had + ‫ ………… فاعل‬, ……….. would + inf………
- If I had time, I would visit you. = Had I time, I would help you.
: ‫ وفي حـالـة السـؤال‬-6
34
 What + would ‫ فاعل‬+ + do + if +)‫? فعل الشرط (ماضي بسيط‬
- What would you do if your car was stolen? - I'd tell the police.
Unless = if not = except if.
: ‫ في النفي ولها نفس القواعد‬if ‫ بدال من‬unless ‫ تستخدم‬-
- If he doesn't study hard, he will fail the exam. (Unless)
- Unless he studies hard, he will fail the exam .
- If he didn't study hard, he would fail the exam. (Unless)
- Unless he studied hard, he would fail the exam .
: ing + ‫ في اإلثبات ويأتي بعدها اسم أو فعل‬if ‫ بدال من‬incase of ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-
- If you are strong, you will defeat your enemy.
- Incase of being strong, you will defeat your enemy.
- Incase of your strength, you will defeat your enemy.
: ‫ فى االثبات‬unless‫ في النفي أو بدال من‬if ‫ بدال من‬without, but for ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-
- If I don't finish early, I won't go home early. (Unless)
- Unless I finish early, I won't go home early. (Without)
- Without finishing early, I won't go home early.
: f‫ في الحالة الثانية‬without ‫ بدال من‬if it weren't for ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-
Without + ‫ اسم‬/ v-ing , would + ‫المصدر‬
If it weren't for + ‫ اسم‬/ v-ing , would + ‫المصدر‬
- Without / If it weren't for hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
: ‫ بدون أى تغيير‬If ‫ يمكن استخدام هذه الروابط بدال من‬-
If = Provided that = Providing = as long as = In case = only if
 Choose the correct answer :
1- If you ……………….. the time of his arrival, please tell me.
a) knew b) know c) had known d) will know
2- If you stand on the table, it …………………. .
a) will collapse b) would collapse c) would have collapsed d) has collapsed
3- He can borrow the money ……………..….. he pays it back tomorrow .
a) provided b) unless c) in case of d) without
4- He won't join the university ………….…..… he passes the exam.
a) unless b) but for c) in case of d) provided that
5- If you go out, please ……………… me some cookies.

35
 a) get b) will get c) would get d) would have got
6- ................................. he study hard, he will get high marks.
a) If b) Were c) Should d) Had
7- Don't ring me .............................. it's important.
a) if b) in case of c) but for d) unless
8- Take this medicine with you ............................ you feel tired.
a) if it b) unless c) in case d) without
9- You ........................... get there in time unless you hurry.
a) won't b) couldn't c) wouldn't have d) can
10- If you hear any news, .............................. you let me know immediately?
a) would b) should c) can d) might
11- If he ............................. late, we will go without him.
a) was b) were c) is d) can be
12- He won't catch the train if he .............................. soon.
a) didn't pack b) will not pack c) doesn't pack d) hadn't packed
13- If I had to add two long numbers together in my head, it …………….. me two
or three minutes.
a) takes b) will take c) would take d) can take
14- If I …………….. the numbers on papers, it is easier to add them.
a) see b) will see c) would see d) had seen
15- If I remember Ali's address, I …………… and tell you.
a) phone b) will phone c) would phone d) could phone
16- I'll help you with your homework if you ………………… it difficult.
a) find b) will find c) found d) had found
17- If you don't hear a person's question, ……………….. them to repeat it.
a) will ask b) would ask c) can ask d) ask
18- He …………………. a lot better if he shaved more often .
a) will look b) may look c) would look d) would have looked
19- If you ………………… what I say, ask your mother.
a) won't believe b) didn't believe c) don't believe d) hadn't believed
20- Without ………. the questions carefully, You couldn't answer them correctly.
a) read b) have read c) reading d) is reading
21- I ………………. very angry if he makes any more mistakes.
a) would be b) will be c) would have been d) might be
22- If I had no money, I ……………….. some from you.
36
 a) will borrow b) would borrow c) may borrow d) would have borrow
23- If water freezes, it ………………… into ice.
a) will turn b) turns c) would turn d) turned
24- If I ……………… thirsty, I'd drink some water.
a) were b) am c) had been d) have been
25- I wouldn't be able to read if I ………………… my glasses.
a) lose b) lost c) will lose d) had lost
26- If I can't sleep at night, I ………………… an aspirin.
a) take b) would take c) might take d) took
27- If I ………………… more time, I'd visit my friends in Dubai.
a) has b) had c) had had d) has had
28- If I …………………. a good job, I will help my family.
a) gets b) will get c) got d) get
29- Learning will be fun ………………… you work with a friend.
a) if b) unless c) without d) in case of
30- If you sleep badly tonight, you ………………………. tired tomorrow.
a) feel b) felt c) will feel d) would feel
31- ………………. your help, he wouldn't get the job.
a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Should
32- If dinner is not ready, I ………………. without it.
a) go b) will go c) would go d) would have gone
33- If I ………………. a prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job .
a) win b) won c) had won d) can win
34- Water ……………….. if it is heated.
a) will vaporize b) vaporizes c) might vaporize d) would vaporize
35- If it ………………… , streets get wet.
a) rain b) rains c) will rain d) rained
36- ………………….. a proper plan, you can't reach your goals
a) Without b) If c) Unless d) In case of
37- What'd you do if you ……………….. a million dollars?
a) have b) had c) had had d) are having
38- Unless you ………………. polite, no one will like you.
a) were b) are c) will be d) is
39- Wood floats if it ………………… on water.
a) is put b) put c) was put d) will put
37
40- If you have a holiday, where ……….………. you spend it?
a) will b) would c) could d) did
41- If I have free time, I ……..……………. for a walk.
a) go b) will go c) would go d) went
42- What would you do if you…..……………… a hundred pounds?
a) find b) found c) will find d) would find
43- Plants die if they ………………….. get enough water.
a) didn't b) don’t c) won’t d) wouldn’t
44- ……………….. she takes the lesson, she will understand.
a) If b) Should c) Were d) Had
45- ………………. he studied, he would succeed.
a) Unless b) Should c) Were d) Had
46- We can't progress …………….…… hard work.
a) unless b) without c) if d) in case of
47- You can’t attend the party ………..……….. you have an invitation card.
a) Except if b) without c) if d) in case
48- Unless he …………………. early, he won't meet the manager.
a) doesn't come b) comes c) didn’t come d) came
49- …………………… he to work hard, he would earn a lot of money.
a) Unless b) Should c) Were d) Had
50- If you get high marks, I …………………. you a new mobile.
a) buy b) will buy c) would buy d) bought
51- They will find the lost boy ………………… searching carefully.
a) Except if b) without c) in case d) in case of
52- If you see Osama, …………………… him about the lost camera.
a) asked b) will ask c) would ask d) ask
53- Iron expands if it …………………… .
a) cool b) will cool c) cooled d) is cooled
54- If I feel tired, I usually ………………… to bed early.
a) go b) will go c) would go d) went
55- Unless there …..…………… a doctor on the train, the man would die.
a) is b) will be c) was d) would be
56- If ……………….. you, I wouldn't put off my homework.
a) I was b) I’m c) I were d) I will be
57- If someone will ring the doorbell, don’t let them in.
38
 a) ring b) will ring c) rings d) rang
58- I will help you if I could, but in fact I ……………….. .
a) couldn’t b) can c) can’t d) could
59- Without the Nile, we ………………… of thirst.
a) will die b) die c) would die d) died
60- I would write to him if I knew his address, but I ……………….. it.
a) know b) didn’t know c) knew d) don’t know
61- If I ………… a camera, I would take a photo of the family party.
a) had b) have c) has d) would have
62- If you …………… very fast, you'll catch your train.
a) ran b) running c) runs d) run
63- If my friend ………… from Italy, I'll show him around Cairo.
a) come b) comes c) is coming d) came
64- If I ………….. enough money, I'd buy a second-hand car.
a) have b) will have c) would have d) had
65- Unless he ……………… his lessons, he wouldn't pass the exams.
a) didn't study b) had studied c) studied d) hadn’t studied
66- ………………. I a bird, I'd fly.
a) Had b) Were c) If d) Should
67- He could go for a swim if he …………….. a swim suit.
a) has b) have c) had d) were
68- Steam condenses if it …………….. cooled.
a) was b) were c) is d) been
69- If he had enough time, he would come with me. Unforyunately, he …….….. .
a) wasn’t b) didn’t c) isn’t d) doesn’t
70- If ………….., would you lend me a hundred pounds?
a) possible b) was possible c) is possible d) possibly

Exercises On Unit 8.
2- Complete each space with one word:
1- I have a photographic memory for numbers. So, if I 1)……............ at a list of
telephone 2) …………….., I could repeat them to you a few minutes later. I
have always found it very easy 3)…………….. remember names. If you show
me a list of ten names and phone numbers, I 4)……….…….. look at them and
immediately 5) ………………. them back 6)…………… you.
39
2- In my opinion, the most important invention in the 20th 1).......................... has
been the plane. It has made 2)…………........ world a smaller place. Just think,
you can get on a 3)…………………… at Cairo International Airport and be in
London in four 4) …………… a half hours. However, the disadvantage of these
vehicles is that 5)…………….. cause air and 6) ………………. pollution.
3- No one can deny that the computer is one 1) ……… the modern wonders of the
world. It 2)……………… an important part in technology because it is more
accurate and faster 3)...................... human beings. It can 4).........................
used in banks to control bank accounts. It can also be used to 5) ……………..
plane tickets and to communicate 6)...................... relatives.
4- Thirty years 1) ……………….., computers were huge machines. Not everyone
2)…………..…… buy them because they were so expensive. Today, there 3)
……….…… millions of cheap computers in offices and homes 4) …………….
the world. In some countries, many people have one or more computers, which
are connected 5) ...................... the internet to shops, banks etc. More people
can shop, pay their bills and 6)………….… many other things by the computer.
5- I 1)……….….. got a very good memory. For example, I am good 2) ……………
remembering names. This is very useful 3)………… me, because I’m a teacher
and I often 4) ………….. to remember students' names. So, if I had 40 students
in a new class tomorrow, I 5)………….. know all their names 6)…………… the
end of my second lesson with them.
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
We have seen a scientific revolution in the 20th century. We have seen
different inventions. These inventions have made our human life more
comfortable and happier. One of the most important inventions has been the
aeroplane which helped the passengers onto a plane at Cairo International Airport
and be in London in four and a half hours . However, the disadvantage of the
aeroplanes is that they cause air and noise pollution.
Another invention is the telephone which helps us to telephone anywhere in
the world and to talk to somebody immediately. But its only trouble is the
expensive calls. Nowadays, there are millions of cheap computers in use in
offices and homes and many of them are connected to the internet.
In the twenty-first century these developments will continue to change our
lives in the future. Scientists may invent machines that enable man himself to fly

40
from one place to place. One day, you may go to buy a flying-suit of your size.
You will witness sky traffic accidents. You may visit your flying-suit mechanic to
repair your wing or your suit motor.
B) Choose the correct answer :
1- What does the writer expect to see in the twenty-first century?
a) flying plane b) flying bird c) flying machine d) flying superman
2- Developments will ……………………………
a) stop b) go on c) come to an end d) disappear
3- The flying-suit machine ……………………………
a) has come true b) is the writer's imagination
c) has been invented d) is a fact
4- Which modern inventions does the passage tell us about?
a) bus, telephone and aeroplane b) bus, computers and aeroplane
c) computers, telephone and aeroplane d) mobile, telegram and aeroplane
A) Answer the following questions :
5- What disadvantage do aeroplanes have?
6- What do you think the most important discovery in the text is? Why?
7- Do you think scientists will discover new things in the future? Why?
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Online learning is becoming more popular today, as more people have
access to computers and the internet. You can study whenever you choose and
you can find a wealth of information on the internet. Lessons do not last for a
limited length of time. So, teachers can answer any questions you may have. Yet,
online students cannot share and discuss ideas in the way they do in a classroom.
Besides, the equipment needed is expensive.
When you’re attending a traditional class, you go to school at prearranged
times. You are expected to be in class and you are forced to keep up with your
instructor’s assignment schedule or risk failing the course. With an online learning,
there is probably no one checking your progress on a regular basis. You may be
given some guidance along the way, but you and you alone are usually
responsible for working your way through the course. Since you can work at your
own pace, some people find themselves putting the work off until they don’t have
enough time to finish the requirements.
A) Choose the correct answer:
41
1. Expensive equipment is needed for .................
a) attending a class b) learning online
c) guiding your way d) sharing class ideas
2. You will risk failing a traditional course if you...................
a) do not attend class b) put up with your work
c) find a wealth of information d) check your progress
3. The passage discusses ................... types of learning.
a) two b) three c) five d) several
4. The word "wealth" here means...................
a) money b) a big amount c) property d) bank account
B) Answer the following questions:
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
6. What about punctuality in both kinds of learning?
7. Which kind of learning do you prefer? Why?
4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:
a) The pros and cons of mobile phones.
b) How to spend your leisure time.
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1- We have to cope with the technologically developed methods of cultivation. Modern
methods of rice cultivation result in big improvement in production. No longer are the
traditional methods efficient in this respect.
2- Communication has become easier and the chance for individuals to obtain mass
information at a great speed has become available. This has resulted in a feverish race
among nations to obtain advanced technology.
3- Great efforts are exerted to develop the industry of information technology as it is the
language which the world is communicating with at present and for long years to come.
4- The internet is used everywhere for many different purposes. It is used by professionals to
exchange information. It is also used by amateurs to write or chat to each other
electronically.
5- Egypt is stepping giant steps towards modernization. This needs a lot of new criteria and
measures. We should take this into consideration, particularly in our educational system.
b- Translate into English:

42
‫‪ -1‬يحذر الخبراء من االستخدام المفرط للتليف‪nn‬ون المحم‪nn‬ول وخاصة من ج‪nn‬انب الش‪nn‬باب‪ ،‬ألن ذلك قد ي‪nn‬ؤدى الى مش‪nn‬اكل‬
‫صحية ونفسية واجتماعية خطيرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬يعتقد الكث‪nn‬ير من الن‪nn‬اس أن الص‪nn‬حف الورقية س‪nn‬تختفى فى غض‪nn‬ون س‪nn‬نوات قليلة بس‪nn‬بب اعتم‪nn‬اد الن‪nn‬اس على مواقع‬
‫االنترنت للحصول على األخبار‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬تحقق أفالم الخيال العلمى وأفالم الحركة أرباحا ً كبيرة فى جميع أنحاء العالم بسبب اعجاب الش‪nn‬باب بها ألنها تج‪nn‬ذب‬
‫أهتمام من يبحث دائما ً عن اإلثارة والمتعة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬لألنشطة الرياضية والفنية واالجتماعية دوراً هاما ً فى العملية التعليمية لذا يجب أن تكون جزءاً أساس‪nn‬يا ً فى أى منهج‬
‫وذلك ألنها تجعل المدرسة مكانا ً جذاباً‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬رغم فوائها العديدة‪ ،‬فإن مواقع التواصل االجتماعى أحيانا ً تتسبب فى نشر الشائعات وخلق الفوضى فى المجتمع ل‪nn‬ذا‬
‫يحذر الخبراء من األستخدام‪ n‬السيئ لها‪.‬‬

‫‪.Unit‬‬ ‫‪9 : A Good Education.‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary.‬‬
‫‪an orphan‬‬ ‫يتيم‬ ‫‪a boarding school‬‬ ‫مدرسة داخلية‬
‫‪a governess‬‬ ‫جليسة ‪ /‬مرببة أطفال‬ ‫‪STEM subjects‬‬ ‫المواد العملية‬
‫‪a housekeeper‬‬ ‫مديرة منزل‬ ‫‪appreciate‬‬ ‫يُقدر‬
‫‪a servant‬‬ ‫خادم ‪ /‬خادمة‬ ‫‪head teacher‬‬ ‫مدرس أول‬
‫‪cruel / bully‬‬ ‫قاسى ‪ /‬بلطجى ‪ -‬يبلطج‬ ‫‪dead parents‬‬ ‫أبوين ميتين‬
‫‪a famous author‬‬ ‫مؤلف مشهور‬ ‫‪businesses‬‬ ‫أعمال ‪ /‬شركات‬
‫‪a wealthy aunt‬‬ ‫عمة ثرية‬ ‫‪engineering‬‬ ‫الهندسة ‪ /‬هندسى‬
‫‪cousins‬‬ ‫اوالد وبنات العم اوالخال‬ ‫‪failure‬‬ ‫فشل ‪ /‬تراجع‬
‫‪a good education‬‬ ‫تعليم جيد‬ ‫‪For instance‬‬ ‫على سبيل المثال‬
‫‪an owner / own‬‬ ‫مالك ‪ /‬يملك‬ ‫‪previous job‬‬ ‫وظيفة سابقة‬
‫‪a French girl‬‬ ‫بنت فرنسية‬ ‫‪under control‬‬ ‫تحت السيطرة‬
‫‪unkind / employ‬‬ ‫قاسى ‪ /‬يوظف‬ ‫‪so-called‬‬ ‫المسمى ‪ /‬كما يُسمى‬
‫‪a fire / a secret‬‬ ‫حريق ‪ /‬سر‬ ‫‪bridge‬‬ ‫جسر ‪ /‬كوبرى‬
‫‪unhappy lives‬‬ ‫حياة غير سعيدة‬ ‫‪realise‬‬ ‫يُدرك‬
‫‪kindness / honesty‬‬ ‫العطف ‪ /‬األمانة‬ ‫‪equipment‬‬ ‫أجهزة ‪ /‬جهاز‬
‫‪reasons‬‬ ‫اسباب ‪ /‬مبررات‬ ‫‪knowledge‬‬ ‫معرفة‬
‫‪a summary‬‬ ‫ملخص ‪ /‬تلخيص‬ ‫‪experiments‬‬ ‫تجارب معملية‬
‫‪instead of‬‬ ‫بدالً من‬ ‫فنان ‪ -‬رسام ‪ /‬موسيقى ‪artist / musician‬‬
‫‪importance‬‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫‪inventor‬‬ ‫مخترع‬
‫‪level‬‬ ‫مستوى ‪ /‬منسوب‬ ‫‪problem solver‬‬ ‫َحالل المشاكل‬
‫‪In fact‬‬ ‫فى الحقيقة‬ ‫‪his later life‬‬ ‫حياته فيما بعد‬
‫‪43‬‬
upset / upset / upset ‫يزعج‬ keep trying ‫استمر فى المحاولة‬
a waste of time ‫مضيعة للوقت‬ words go together ً ‫كلمات تأتى معا‬
electrician ‫كهربائى‬ As well as this ‫باإلضافة الى ذلك‬
a business ‫ شركة‬/ ‫عمل‬ keen / understand ‫ يفهم‬/ ‫حريص‬
a good start ‫بداية جيدة‬ a newspaper ‫ صحيفة‬/ ‫جريدة‬
rather than ‫فضالَ عن‬ a copy / copies ‫ ُنسخ‬/ ‫نسخة‬
otherwise @......... ‫و إال‬ local bookshop ‫محل بيع كتب محلى‬
school timetable ‫جدول مدرسى‬ abilities ‫قدرات‬
a large house ‫بيت كبير‬ confidence ‫ثقة‬
a huge garden ‫حديقة ضخمة‬ real effort ‫مجهود حقيقى‬
home-schooling ‫التعليم المنزلى‬ for a while ‫ لفترة من الزمن‬/ ‫للحظة‬
come round ‫ فجأة‬... ‫يزور‬ lovely / glad ‫ مسرور‬/ ‫جميل‬
quite unusual ‫غير معتاد الى حد ما‬ long before ‫@ بكثير‬... ‫قبل‬
critical thinking skills ‫ النقدى‬f‫ التفكير‬f‫مهارات‬ As a consequence @.... ‫ونتيجة لذلك‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

work for / with ... @... ‫ مع‬/ ‫ يعمل لدى‬apply for ‫يتقدم بطلب لـ‬
keep in touch with ‫ يظل على اتصال بـ‬save him from ‫ينقذه من‬
lose touch with ... ‫ يفقد األتصال مع‬live with ... in … @... ‫@ فى‬... ‫يعيش مع‬
do an online course ‫ يقوم بدوره على النت‬Be sent away to ... ‫يتم ارساله بعيداً عن‬
pick yourself up ‫ تستعيد ثقتك بنفسك‬help each other ‫يساعد بعضهم البعض‬
the only way to ‫ الطريقة الوحيدة لـ‬wait a little longer ‫ينتظر لفترة أطول‬
carry on ‫ يستمر‬a long way from ‫مسافة بعيدة عن‬
worried about ‫ قلق بشأن‬return to ‫يعود الى‬
believe in ‫ يثق فى‬/ ‫ يؤمن بـ‬move to ‫ينتقل الى‬
get on well with ‫ ينسجم مع‬not right for everyone f‫ للجميع‬f‫ليس صحيحا‬
make it easier to ‫ يجعل من األسهل‬succeed in ‫ينجح فى‬
spend no money ‫ ال ينفق أى مال‬feel lonely ‫يشعر بالوحدة‬
advertise for a job ‫ يضع عنوان لوظيفة‬six years later ‫بعدها بست سنوات‬
angry with ‫ غضبان من‬In the 19th century ‫فى القرن العشرين‬
argue with ‫ يتجادل مع‬She didn’t care ‫لم تهتم‬
help with ‫ يساعد فى عمل ما‬feel positively about ‫يشعر بشكل ايجابى‬
continue with work ‫ يبقى فى عمله‬show her to her room ‫يرشدها لغرفتها‬

Collocations‫ز‬
44
make friends ‫يكون صداقات‬ start a fire ‫ يشعل حريق‬/ ‫يبدأ‬
become friends with ‫يصبح صديقا ً لـ‬ enjoy her job ‫تستمتع بعملها‬
become a teacher ً ‫يصبح معلما‬ fail her test ‫تفشل فى اختبارها‬
leave the school ‫يترك المدرسة‬ lose her job ‫تخسر وظيفتها‬
change schools ‫يغير المدرسة‬ make a mistake ‫يرتكب خطأ‬
bring success ‫ يجلب النجاح‬/ ‫يحقق‬ get a good education ‫يحصل على تعليم جيد‬
earn money ‫يكسب مال‬ do things better ‫يقوم بأشياء بشكل أفضل‬
hurt others ‫يؤذى اآلخرين‬ watch a TV program f‫يشاهد برنامج تلفزيونى‬
teach children ‫يُعلم األطفال‬ read a text ‫يقرأ نص‬
send e-mails ‫يرسل بريد الكترونى‬ practise maths ‫يحل رياضيات‬
break his back ‫ينكسر ظهره‬ make electricity ‫ ينتج كهرباء‬/ ‫يصنع‬
receive a reply ً‫يتلقى ردا‬ build an engine ‫يصمم محرك‬
change an idea ‫يغير فكرة‬ start school ‫يبدأ الدراسة‬
keep … under control ‫يُبقى تحت السيطرة‬ take …home ‫ للمنزل‬... ‫يأخذ‬
keep …. warm ً ‫ دافئا‬... ‫يُبقى‬ run open days ‫يقضى أيام مفتوحة‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
own possess / dominate lack / need
bully threaten / hurt / force help / aid / relieve / please
cruel brutal / savage merciful / compassionate
increase grow / rise reduce / decrease
servant maid / footman master / mistress
failure decline / breakdown success / improvement
expert prosessional / master amateur / inexperienced
apply employ / practice / use ignore / stop / deny
earn score / collect / gain lose / miss / spend

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
fail failure failing
live life / living alive / lively
employ employable / employed
45
 employment
fire fire on fire
equip equipment equipped
appreciate appreciation appreciative
practise practice practiced / practicable
bully bullying / bully bullied
educate education educated / educational
fail failure failing / failed
include inclusion inclusive
apply application applicable / applied
confide confidence confident

Spot The Difference.

later latter
realise recognise
fewer less
quite quiet
expert experienced
instead instead of
owner partner
lose miss
recuce decrease
learning education
successful successive
advertise announce
level standard
equipment device

Read the following carefully.

.Listening :.
Teacher: We don’t know much about Jane’s early school days, but I imagine she
had gone to school before she moved to her aunt’s house, as we know she
could read. We also know that she was sent to a boarding school after she
had upset Mrs Reed and her cousin John.

46
Omar: What’s a boarding school?
Teacher: It’s a school where children live as well as study. In the past, there were
boarding schools for rich children and ones like Lowood House for children
who weren’t rich. And of course some rich children were taught at home.
Governesses, like Jane, were employed to teach them.
Ali: My cousin, Kemal, had lessons at home.
Teacher: Did he, Ali? Why was that?
Ali: He had to stay at home for six months because he’d broken his back when
the school term started. He wanted to go to school, but he’d already made
lots of friends and they came round to see him, so it wasn’t too bad.
Teacher: Did a teacher come to his house every day?
Ali: No. He was sent an email every day with the work that his friends were doing
in school, but my aunt helped him when he couldn’t understand it.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Dareen: Dad, I don’t want to change schools. I want to go to school with my
friends.
Father: It’s not so bad, Dareen. You know, my family used to travel, and I was
taken to lots of different countries. So, I’d been to lot of different schools
before we came back to Egypt. You can make new friends at a different
school.
Dareen: I like my friends at my school now.
Father: It is easy to keep in touch with your friends. I always see you on your
phone. I lost touch with the people I’d gone to school with.
Mother: If you don’t change school, maybe you can do an online course. Some
extra lessons will be helpful. Mona’s mother said that Mona had had lots of
problems in school before she started having extra lessons.
And they say some of these online courses are fantastic. They can
understand what your level is and give you work that’s just right for you. In
fact, you were given a new computer to help you study.
Father: And you can chat with other students online, too. Just like you do at
school.
Mother: Mona’s mother says Mona has really improved with so much help from
her online teachers.
Dareen: But, Mum, I learn a lot at school now. I only failed the test because I’d
been ill when I took it.

47
Father: OK. OK. We’ll leave things the way they are for now and then we can
discuss it again after your exams at the end of the year.
Dareen: OK. Thank you.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Girl 1: I don’t think that everyone needs to go to university. I fact I think it’s a
waste of time for some people.
Girl 2: That’s true. If you know you want a job doing something practical, like
being an electrician, or if you have a great idea for a business, why not start
immediately?
Girl 1: Exactly.
Boy 1: I know in some countries, children start school really early, but I think three
is too young. I mean, at that age all children want to do is play!
Boy 2: I’d say the opposite. The earlier you start the better. It will give you a good
start in life.
Boy 3: They say that your school days are the best days of your life and I think
that’s probably true. It’s not just about learning, it’s also about making friends
and learning to help each other.
Boy 4: You’re right. My parents both loved school and made really good friends
there.
Girl 3: If you’re really ill, then it’s great that there are ways of learning at home so
that there isn’t a break in your education. But, otherwise, you should go to
school.
Girl 4: I don’t agree with you. There are lots of advantages with learning at home.
There isn’t any bullying, for instance.
Girl 5: I don’t think people understand how important education really is for young
people. I mean, what kind of a future can you have without a good education
these days?
Girl 6: A lot of people have good lives without doing well at school. I’m completely
against this idea that education is the only way to do well.

Reading.
Jane Eyre
Charlotte Brontë was born in England in 1816. She and her two sisters all
became famous authors. Charlotte Brontë’s most famous book is Jane Eyre . It was
written in 1847.

48
 Jane Eyre was an orphan who lived with her cousins and her wealthy aunt, Mrs
Reed. The family was unkind and they did not want Jane to live with them. Jane was
sent away to school. Jane was happy to go to Lowood School, but the owner, Mr
Brocklehurst, was very cruel, so the students lived unhappy lives.
Finally, cruel Mr Brocklehurst was told to leave the school. Six years later, Jane
became a teacher at Lowood School. After two years, Jane decided to apply for a job
as a governess. Governesses were often employed by rich families. She started to
teach a young French girl called Adèle at a big house called Thornfield Hall. The owner
of the house was Mr Rochester. Jane enjoyed her new job and became friends with
Mrs Fairfax, the kind housekeeper.
One night, there was a fire at Thornfield Hall. Jane saved Mr Rochester from the
fire. He said that the fire was started by a servant called Grace, but Grace did not lose
her job. Jane did not understand, but she thought that there was a secret in the house.
Jane decided to leave Thornfield Hall, but she could not forget it.
Before Mrs Reed allowed Jane to leave the room, Jane had become ill. A doctor
had visited Jane before and told Mrs Reed that it would be better if Jane went to live at
a nearby school. The girls were cold at the school because the head teacher had
spent no money to keep it warm. After Jane had advertised for a job in a newspaper,
she received a reply.

STEM SUBJECTS
Science, technology, engineering and maths were taught in schools long before
the invention of the internet. However, we now live in a time when these subjects are
more important than ever. This does not mean that music, history, languages and other
subjects are not important.
However, understanding the so-called STEM subjects can be an important
bridge to a good job in the future. Many businesses do not have enough people with
knowledge of the STEM subjects. For that reason, they are keen to give jobs to young
people with these skills.
In the past, STEM subjects were often seen as difficult. To change this idea,
many businesses now run open days at which students can try building car engines,
using a bike to make electricity, or playing computer games to practise maths.
Schools, too, are helping students to realise that these subjects can be both
interesting and fun for boys and girls of all abilities. Schools might not have the
equipment to build engines, but many now use different experiments and computers so

49
that students can learn by doing things, and not just by reading a text. This also helps
with critical thinking skills which students can use in other subjects.
It is said that 80% of jobs in the future will need students to have skills in the
STEM subjects. Of course we will also need artists, musicians, language teachers and
other experts, but skills in STEM subjects will help students to become the problem
solvers and inventors of the future.
Work-book Texts
Karim: My name is Karim and I love to read. I had read another one of Charlotte
Brontë’s books called Villette before I decided to buy a copy of Jane Eyre.
They didn’t have it in my local bookshop, so I kept going back to check.
Finally, I saw it on the shelf but then an old man took it. I spoke to the
owner of the bookshop and I explained that I had waited three weeks for the
book to arrive. He said there was nothing he could do, but then I heard
someone laughing. The old man said he had lost his copy of the book many
years ago, before I was born, so he didn’t mind waiting a little longer. He let
me buy it and when I got home, I knew I had been very lucky.

Speaker 1: I mean, it can’t be good for your confidence, can it? It’s got to get you
down.
Speaker 2: It was the best thing that ever happened to me. Everything had been
a bit too easy for me before, so I wasn’t ready for it. But then I had to make
some real effort.
Speaker 3: I hated it but, after feeling sorry for myself for a while, I could see my
mistakes and I knew what I had to do.
Speaker 4: My friends were lovely, but I just felt terrible and I kept on feeling
terrible. In fact, haven’t tried it again because it upset me too much.
Speaker 5: When you’ve made as many mistakes as me, you learn to pick
yourself up and carry on.

Dear Ellen,
I told you some time ago that I wanted to get a good job. I am glad to say that I
have found one as governess and I am quite happy. The house is not very large but it
is very comfortable and the gardens are huge. Although I earn less money than in my
previous job, I am working with kind, friendly people. I have two pupils: an eight-year-
old girl and a six-year-old boy. My job as a governess can be very difficult because
children have so much energy. I just hope I will not become ill trying to keep them
50
under control and make them happy. Well, I must continue with my work. I hope to
see you soon. Kind regards, Charlotte

Failure is necessary
People say that it is impossible to succeed without failure and even the most
successful people make mistakes. As well as this, many people believe in the
importance of learning from your mistakes.
Sometimes failure can make people work harder and do things better. As a
consequence, they appreciate success more because it hasn’t been easy for them.
For instance, when football players lose a match, they are sad but they learn how to
improve and do better next time.
On the other hand, success can make you feel positively about what you are
doing and it can give you a reason to keep trying. In addition, many people prefer to
forget their mistakes so they can have good memories about the past.
In conclusion, although it is possible to have success without failure, from my
point of view, it is better to fail sometimes in order to appreciate success more.

Video Script
Most young people go to school every day and have lessons with other
children, but not everyone does this. In some countries, students can learn at
home instead and their teachers are usually their parents. We call this way of
learning ‘home-schooling’. Home-schooling is useful for young people who live a
long way from a school, and it’s becoming more popular today because students
can easily use computers to learn wherever they are. Home-schooling is also
useful for students who are sick and cannot go to a school every day. A good
thing about home-schooling is that children can learn at a time and in a place
that’s best for them, rather than following a school timetable. But, on the other
hand, home-schooling isn’t right for everyone. Home-schooled children might
feel lonely because it can be harder for them to make friends. They may not be
able to do sports with other young people either.

Definitions.
governess a woman who teaches children in their home
orphan a child whose parents are dead
housekeeper a servant who looks after the whole house
cruel unkind and hurting others
51
servant a person who works for people in their house
keep in touch with to continue to have contact with
lose touch with to stop having contact
do an online course to study online
make friends to start a friendship with someone

Language Notes.
arrive in ‫ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﻛﺑﯾـر‬ He arrived in Cairo.
arrive at ‫ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﺻﻐﯾـر‬ He arrived at the airport.
arrive ‫ﯾﺻـل ﺑـدون مفعول‬ When did they arrive?
reach + object ‫ﺑـدون ﺣـرف ﺟـر‬ He reached the airport.
get to) ‫يصل ( بصعوبة‬ They got to Cairo airport.

start by + (v + ing) Can you start by telling us your name?

The speaker started with a description of
start with + ( noun ‫) اﺳـم‬
his journey to China.

win - Egypt will win the cup I hope. ( ‫ﯾﻔـوز ــ ﯾﻛﺳب ) ﻛﺄس ـ ﻣﺑـﺎراة ـ اﻧﺗﺧﺎﺑﺎت‬
beat - America could beat Sadam. ( ‫ﯾﮭـزم ـ ﯾﺗﻐـﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺷﺧـص أو ﻓـرﯾق‬
earn ( money / living ) ‫يكسب بجهد وتعب‬
gain ( ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب ـــ ﯾﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻰء ﻣﻌﻧوى ﻣﻔﯾد ) ﺧﺑـرة ـ ﻣﻌـرﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠـوﻣﺎت ـ ﺷﮭرة‬
‫وﺗﺷﯾر إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟوزن ـ اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ ـ اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ‬
- You gained a lot of information from the conference.
- Ali gained 3 kilos in weight in the last month.

other ‫ﯾﻌد) ﻻ اﺳم أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ و ( اسم ﺟﻣـﻊ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ ﺻﻔـﺔ‬

- I will visit other countries . - There was certainly other information.
three,..) (two, / no / any / many / each / every / some / the : ‫وتأتى أيضا بعد‬
- Please, John, bring the other chairs here.
- He gave me one book and kept the other one.
others ‫ﻣﻔﻌول أو ﻓﺎﻋل ﺿﻣﯾر ﻣﺣل ﺗﺣل‬
- Some people are rich; others are poor.
- Some writers are greater than others.
another one , few , two , three ‫أو ﻣﻔـرد اﺳـم ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ ﺻﻔـﺔ‬
- I will read another story. - He lost his job. He’s trying to find another.
- The woman lived for another ten days.
- I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
52
 foreigner ( ‫أﺟﻧﺑـﻰ) ﺷﺧـص ﻣن دوﻟﺔ أﺧـرى‬
- He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner.
foreign ( ‫ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬/ ‫ اﻟﺑﺿﺎﺋﻊ‬/ ‫أﺟﻧﺑـﻰ ) ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟوﺻف اﻟﺑﻼد‬
- Learning foreign languages is very important.
stranger ( ‫ﻏرﯾـب ) ﺷﺧـص ﻻ أﻋرﻓـﮫ‬
- I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is.

argue for ‫ينحاز لـ‬/ ‫ ﯾؤﯾد‬- He argued strongly for the proposal.
argue against ‫يقف ضد‬/ ‫ ﯾﻌﺎرض‬- They argued against the new tax.

work )‫الشغل – مكان العمل (اسم ال يعد‬

- I have got a lot of work to do. - Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
job )‫وظﯾﻔﺔ ـ ﻣﮭﻧـة – نوع العمل ) اﺳم ﯾﻌـد‬
- He has got a job as a teacher. - I have got a lot of jobs to do.
career - He started his career five years ago. ‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻔـرد‬
profession ( ‫ﻣﮭﻧـة ) ﺗﺣﺗـﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣؤھـﻼت وﺗـدرﯾـب‬
Teaching is a tiring profession.

learn ‫ ــ‬teach + ( to + inf ) ‫ ( ﺃﻭ‬how to + inf ) ‫ﯾﻌـﻠم ـ ﯾﺗﻌـﻠم‬

- She learns to cook. - She taught me how to write well.
know ‫ ــ‬show + ( how to + inf ) ‫ﯾوﺿـﺢ ـ ﯾﻌـرف‬
- She doesn’t know how to cook.

Language Functions.
Agreeing Disagreeing
That’s true. I’d say the opposite.
I’d go along with that. I’m completely against …
I couldn’t agree more. I’m not so sure.
You’re right. That’s not always true.
I suppose so. I don’t think so.
Exactly! I disagree.
I agree. I don’t agree.

 Choose the correct answer:

1. The teacher asked us to write a ( summarize – summer – summary –
sumered ) of Jane Eyre

53
2. We had a fruitful ( discuss – decisive – discussed – discussion ) on the new
novel.
3. The committee ( agreed – disagreed – objected – praised ) strongly on our
opinion. They all opposed it.
4. There are many writers who ( supposed – supported – opposed – denied ) and
advocated women's rights.
5. You should ( make – do – take – have ) a good reason for supporting her
suggestion.
6. Although they are twins, they are very ( differentiate – differ – duffer – different )
in personality.
7. He is a famous ( reader – authorized – author – router ) he writes great works.
8. Charlotte Bronte's ( more – many – must – most ) famous book is Jane Eyre.
9. He was born into a very ( poor – wealth – wealthy – worthy ) family. They had a
great deal of money.
10. Jane was happy ( to go – go – going – gone ) to Lowood School.
11. They have lead very unhappy ( life – live – lives – lifes ).
12. Mayada was told to ( leaf – lift – live – leave ) the school and join another one.
13. Jane decided to apply ( for – in – with – to ) join a job in teaching.
14. Haneen applied ( for – in – with – to ) writing for the new job.
15. All applicants should apply ( for – in – with – on ) the internet.
16. He found a new job ( like – as – such as – likely ) a worker in a big factory.
17. He has toiled all his life. He has worked ( like – as – such as – likely ) a
machine.
18. She found a new ( work – employ – employment – employer ) as a governess.
19. Her new ( job – employ – employment – employer ) is very kind and treats her
well.
20. He is a young ( employee – employ – employment – employer ) and he looks
forward to a promotion.
21. Many of the staff in our school who ( learn – teach – mention – take ) English
are not qualified.
22. When she was young she went to a school ( calling – call – called – calls ) the
New Generation.
23. He was very wealthy and ( owed – owner – owned – have ) a lot of money.
24. She mixed with other students and soon she ( started – made – became –
did ) a friendship with all.

54
25. The cigarette cased ( fire – a fire – fair – fur ) and the firemen came to put it
out.
26. The firemen could ( safe – safety –safely – save ) rescue the child from the
burning house.
27. The fire was ( done – started – began – put ) by a cigarette.
28. Because of his bad behaviour, he ( missed – lost – got – employed ) his job
and was fired.
29. He could have good ( work – job – employment – profession ) in a respected
company .
30. I aked him to keep the news as a ( scary – sacred – secret – scared ) but he
told all our friends.
31. You should be crowned with ( kind – honesty – polite – tender ) in your
dealings with others.
33. It is not easy to live in a house with ( other – another – others – authors )
family.
34. Which of his talk ( the most – best – the best – better ) explains his point of
view?
35. She knows well the ( important – import – importance – importee ) of having a
lot of money in this world.
36. The child whose parents are ( death – died – deadly – dead ) is brought up by
his aunt.
37. She earns her living by ( learning – teaching – explaining – knowing ) children
in their home.
38. She is a widow and ( looks – care – take care – bring ) for three young
children.
39. He is gentle and doesn't ( hurt – injure – shoot – wound ) other people's
feelings.
40. He is very wealthy and the ( own – owe – owner – owned ) of many factories
around the world.
41. Children ( with – at – about – from ) rich families are taught. at home by a
governess.
42. My mother cooked a ( greatly – usefully – wonderfully – lovely ) meal that we
enjoyed a lot.
43. You should invite all your friends ( at – of – in – on ) your birthday.
44. Many students attended ( a boarding – brooding – breeding – boarding )
schools in England in the past.

55
45. The step father was very cruel ( with – to – for – about ) his wife's children.
46. The children ( made – gave – did – had ) lessons with a teacher who came to
their homes in the past.
47. We celebrated at home instead of us ( go – to go – going – gone ) to a
restaurant.
48. His behaviour towards me is ( unusual – unusually – usual – lovely ) strange.
49. Learning at home today doesn't help students ( make – teach – educate –
get ) a good education.
50. She is ( doing – having – taking – owing ) problems dealing with other
students in her new school.
51. You should ( spend – keep – remember – cope ) in touch with your friends
while you are abroad.
52. Aya felt grieved when she ( passed – succeeded – failed – failure ) her final
exams.
53. I ( kept – lost – made – gave ) touch with all my primary school friends.
54. The course she had ( made – done – sent – took ) online was very useful in
her work career.
55. She refused the job she was ( taken – done – made – offered ).
56. It would be ( the best – most – better – the most ) if you look for another job.
57. She was born into a wealthy family and was well ( educated – education –
educating – educational ).
58. His new employment is very profitable. He ( earns – gains – wins – make ) a
lot of money out of it.
59. She was born into a wealthy family and received a good ( educated –
education – educating – educational ).
60. An (eight-year – eight-years – eight-year's – eight-years' ) -old girl won the
drawing competition.
61. She behaved badly with her teammates and as ( sequences – consequence –
result of – consequently ) she was fired.
62. On one hand he will get a loan and on the ( other – another – others – authors
) hand he will pay all his debts.
63. She has night classes. ( In addition to – Additional – In addition – additives ),
she works in a bank.
64. She could ( catch – get – cope – match ) on well with all the students in her
new school.

56
65. A good education always brings success in a student’s ( late – latter – lately –
later ) life.
66. STEM subjects can be an important ( mean – draw bridge – bridge – ways ) to
a good job.
67. This course suits students of all ( ability – disabilities – abilities – capable ).
68. These students are careless and need to be ( taken – done – kept – had )
under control.
69. In ( addition – consequences – conclusion – conclude ), they were divorced
after their great love.
70. At last they could ( reach – arrive – get – go ) a solution to their problem.
71. When I say something, she'd always say the ( opposite – opponent – opposes
– opposition ) me.
72. I ( will go – had gone – would go – did go ) along with you have said .
73. Your talk is right and I agree with it. I ( can't – don't – couldn't – will not ) agree
more.
74. Mr. and Mrs. Osman employed a ( governess – housekeeper – servant – maid
) to teach their children at home.
75. Hania never knew her parents because she is a / an ( maid – governess –
servant – orphan ).
76. That bully was very ( cruel – polite – strange – tender ) to the smaller boys, so
they told a teacher about it.
77. The ( housekeeper – orphan – tutor – nurse ) showed the guest to her room.
78. He was very (cruel – polite – strange – tender ). He was unkind and hurting
others.
79. A ( governess – housekeeper – servant – maid ) is a person who works for
people in their house doing the housework.
80. A ( governess – housekeeper – servant – maid ) a servant who looks after he
whole house.
81. A ( keeper – orphan – tutor – nurse ) is a child whose parents are dead.
82. A ( housekeeper – orphan – maid – governess ) is a woman who teaches
children in their home.
Language Focus
Past Simple Tense ‫زمن الماضى البسيط‬
 Form: ‫التكوين‬
Active ‫المبنى للمعلوم‬ ‫التصريف الثانى للفعل‬
57
 Passive ‫المبنى للمجهول‬ was / were + pp
Ex: At the age of seven, my parents took me to Jordon.
At the age of seven, I was taken to Jordon by my parents.
 Usage: ‫االستخدام‬
‫@ او حقيقة‬... ‫@ أو عادة فى الماضى‬... ‫ يعبر الماضى البسيط عن حدث بدأ وانتهى فى الماضى‬
@... ‫@ او تالحق فعلين‬... ‫@ او افعال منتهية مات اصحابها‬... ‫ أو سرد احداث قصة‬...... ‫منتهية‬
.‫ وهو دائما الحدث الثانى فى الماضى‬... ‫او افعال حدثت فجأة فى الماضى‬
- We met in 1987. - Taha Husein wrote many books.
- When I was young, I played every day with my friends.
:‫ يستخدم الماضى البسيط مع الكلمات اآلتية‬
Yesterday ‫ أمس‬- ago ‫ منذ‬- last .. ... ‫ الماضى‬- In the past ‫ فى الماضى‬- Once‫ذات‬
‫ مرة‬- once upon a time ‫ذات مرة‬- In ancient times ‫ فى العصور القديمة‬- one day
‫ فى يوم من األيام‬- In 1999 - when I was young - How long ago….?
: ‫الحظ الفرق فى االمثلة اآلتية‬
- The last time I saw the Cairo Tower was in 2015.
= I last saw the Cairo Tower in 2015.
= I saw the Cairo Tower two years ago.
= I haven't seen the Cairo Tower for 2 years / since 2015.
used to + inf. ‫اعتاد على‬
‫ للتعبير عن التناقض بين عادات أو مواقف فى الماضى و الحاضر‬+ used to ‫ نستخدم مصدر‬
?…… Did …. use to ‫ وفى السؤال‬+ didn't use to ‫وفى النفى مصدر‬
- He used to swim everyday. He doesn't do this now. = He no longer swims.
- He didn't use to smoke, but now he does.
+ didn't use + to ‫مصدر‬ :‫وفي حالة النفى نستخدم‬
- I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do.
+ did ‫ فاعل‬+ to + + use ‫مصدر‬ :‫وفي السؤال نستخدم‬
- Did you use to walk to school?

Past Perfect ‫زمن الماضى التام‬

 Form: ‫التكوين‬ had + p.p
.‫ يصف الماضى التام حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر فى الماضى‬
- When I got home, my wife had cooked the dinner.
:‫ يستخدم الماضى التام مع الكلمات اآلتية‬
After / As soon as‫ماضى بسيط‬ + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ + ‫فاعل‬
After + v. + ing / noun + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
Having + p.p. + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
58
 - After he had done his homework, he watched television.
After doing his homework, he watched television.
Having done his homework, he watched television.
.He parked his car as soon as he had found a place -
Before / By the time + ‫ماضى تام‬ + ‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬
Before + v. + ing / noun + ‫ماضى تام‬
- Before he parked his, he had found a place.
Before parking his car, he had found a place.
- By the time the police arrived the thief had escaped.
When ‫ماضى بسيط‬ + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ + ‫فاعل‬
When +‫ماضى تام‬ + ‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬
It was only when ‫ ماضى تام‬+ that + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ @..... ‫ أن‬.... ‫انه فقط عندما‬
- When he had read the novel, he watched TV.
When he watched TV, he had read the novel.
It was only when he had read the novel that he watched TV.
:‫ الحظ الفرق فى المعنى بين هاتين الجملتين‬
 When I arrived at the station, the train left. I caught the train.‫تالحق‬
 When I arrived at the station, the train had left. I missed the train. ‫تتابع‬
‫ ماضى بسيط منفى غالبا‬+ till / until + ‫ماضى تام‬
It wasn't until + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ that + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ @...... ‫@ أن‬...... ‫لم يكن حتى‬
- He didn’t park his car until he had found a place.
It wasn't until he had found a place that he parked his car.
Before / By + ‫ماضى تام‬ + ‫تاريخ قديم‬
- By 2010, we had built our house.
‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ because + ( ‫ماضى تام ) اذا سبق السبب النتيجة‬
- She came late because she had missed the train.
no sooner than
‫ فاعل‬+ had + hardly + p.p. when + ( ‫ حتى‬... ‫ لم يكد‬...) ‫ماضى بسيط‬
scarcely when
- He had no sooner gone shopping than it started to rain.
.‫ نضعها فى صيغة استفهام‬no sooner / hardly / scarcely ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بــ‬
No sooner than
Hardly + had +‫ فاعل‬+ p.p. + when + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
Scarcely when
- Hardly had they finished painting our new house when we moved into it.

59
 .‫ على معنى الجملة‬f‫ البد من استخدام الماضى التام إذا كان ذلك يؤثر‬
- He thanked me for what I had done.
- He was tired because he had worked for 14 hours.
.‫ اذا تتابع ثالثة افعال نضع االول فى الماضى التام والثانى والثالث فى البسيط‬:‫ الحظ‬
- After we arrived, we discovered that the flat had been robbed.
.‫ عالمات المضارع التام اذا جاء معها فعل اخر ماضى نستخدم معها ماضى تام‬:‫ الحظ‬
- When the police arrived, the thief had already escaped.

Active & Passive ‫المعلـوم و المجهــــول‬

‫المفعـــول‬ + V. to be ‫ التصريف الثالث‬+ + by + ‫الفـاعـل‬

Tense Passive
Past simple ‫ الماضى البسيـط‬was – were + pp
Past continuous ‫ المستمـر الماضى‬was – were + being + pp
Past perfect ‫ الماضى التـام‬had been + pp
Passive : The room was cleaned by her. ( past simple )
Passive : The flowers were being picked by the gardener. ( past continuous )
Passive : The lesson had been explained by the teacher. ( past perfect )
: ‫ ولكن نستخدم الصيغة التالية‬did ‫ ال وجود فى المبنى للمجهول لـ‬
was - were + not + p.p‫فى الماضى البسيط‬
He didn’t pay the bill. = The bill wasn’t paid.
: ‫ ) فى المجهول‬.to be + p.p ( ‫ ) نستخدم‬.to + inf ( ‫ فى حالة األفعال المتبوعة بـ‬
I want you to tell me the truth. = I want to be told the truth.
: ‫ ) فى المجهول‬.being + p.p (‫ ) نستخدم‬v.+ ing ( ‫ فى حالة األفعال المتبوعةـ بـ‬
I hate people telling me lies. = I hate being told lies.
Choose the correct answer:
1- At the age of seven, my parents ( are taking – were taking – took – take ) me to
Jordan.
2- He ( gave – was given – has given – had given ) a prize for a drawing of an
animal.
3- She fainted after she ( cook – was cooked – was cooking – had cooked ) the
dinner.
4- After my car ( was mending – had been mended – has mended – had
mended ), I went shopping.

60
5- As soon as my mother had arrived home, my father ( leaves – left – had left –
leaving )
6- As soon as he ( takes – has taken – will take – had taken ) the photograph, he
showed it to his friend.
7- After the robbers ( arrested – had been arrested – arresting – are arrested ),
they were taken to jail.
8- He ( refused – had refused – didn’t refuse – refuses ) to help his father until he
had finished his homework.
9- The injured woman ( takes – has taken – will take – had been taken ) to
hospital before she died.
10- I ( have seen – saw – would see – was seen ) him a few days ago.
11- He ( didn't use to – isn't used to – used – uses ) need much sleep, but he
does now.
12- ( Are – Is – Did – Does ) you use to play with dolls?
13- No sooner ( had – was – did – has ) he finished work than he slept.
14- Hardly had he seen the match ( than – while – when – after ) he turned off the
TV.
15- It was only ( when – till – after – before ) she had gone out that it rained
heavily
16- By 6.00, I ( had studied – study – have studied – would study ) English.
17- After Mai’d received Hany's e-mail, she ( sent – had sent – sends – send ) him
her reply.
18- Having ( finding – find – found – finds ) his mobile, Sami told his father .
19- ( Because – When – After – Till ) reading the story, I gave it to Salma .
20- He ( doesn't travel – didn't travel – hadn't travelled – travelled ) abroad until he
had graduated .
21- ( Having – Have – Had – Has ) had her dinner, she washed the dishes .
22- After ( had put – putting – put – puts ) my clothes on, I went out .
23- By the time I got to the party, most people ( are going – had gone – have
gone – go ) home.
24- They didn't leave the shop ( while – till – when – during ) they’d paid the bill.
25- She arrived at the station after the train ( leaves – was leaving – had left – has
left ), so she missed it.
26- Mr Jones ( learnt – had learnt – learns – was learning ) Arabic after he had
been to Egypt on holiday.

61
27- I ( had lived – lived – lives – has lived ) in the country before my family moved
to Alexandria.
28- Samira’s father had been a vet before he ( becomes – became – had become
– becoming ) a science teacher.
29- Abdu ( never went – had never gone – never gone – has never gone ) outside
Egypt before he went to Rome.
30- I was not as good as them because I ( had come – came – come – has
come ) from a poorer family.
31- No sooner ( mum had – has mum – had mum – did mum ) finished cooking
than we ate.
32- They had hardly done their homework ( than – then – when – while ) they
went out.
33- I was not hungry because I ( eat – have eaten – had eaten – have been
eating ) a lot of fruit.
34- The doctor didn't do anything as the patient ( died – has died – was died –
had died ) when he arrived at the hospital.
35- She went into the Petrol station because she ( run – has run – was run – had
run ) out of petrol.
36- ( After – Having – Before – When ) found the gold ring, I took it to the police.
37- They said I ( hadn't been – am not been – haven't been – wasn't ) as good as
them because I had come from a poorer family.
38- It was winter and I ( will be – had been – am – have been ) in that room every
day for weeks.
39- My cousin John hadn't Known I was there so when he ( had seen – will see –
has seen – saw ) me, he started to shout at me.
40- What a kind man he ( had been – has been – is – was ) when I first moved
there.
41- Ali looked tired this morning because he ( didn't sleep – hadn't slept – hasn't
slept – wasn't sleeping ) well.
42- Leila ( had been – has been – is – was ) late for school because she had
missed the bus.
43- Before I ( studied – was studying – have studied – had studied ) the map, I
had never known that England was so small.
44- Adel had never been outside Egypt before he ( had gone – went – was going
– has gone ) to Rome.

62
45- When we ( had sit – sat – were sitting – are sitting ) down for a rest, we had
already walked more than 15 km.
46- The ground was very dry because it ( isn't raining – wasn't raining – hasn't
rained – hadn't rained ) for months.
47- When Tarek saw Ahmed, he remembered thet they ( will meet – have met –
had met – met ) before.
48- Manal ( arrived – had arrived – has arrived – arrives ) home late, so her
cousins had already left.
49- What had you done ( until – till – after – before ) you came to school this
morning?
50- Where ( did you live – have you lived – had you lived – will you live ) before
you moved to your home?
51- Before ( switches – switched – switching – switch ) on the machine, he had
read the instructions.
52- Last week, We sold our car. We ( has – had – has had – had had ) it since I
was a student.
53- I had my lunch. After that, I ( went – gone – had gone – going ) out with my
friends.
54- The cups were dropped and ( broke – break – breaks – broken ) by her.
55- Fortunately, we found the mobile and the money we ( was lost – had lost –
were lost – got lost).
56- The thief was taken to prison after ( arrested – arresting – being arrested –
had arrested ) by the police.
57- A loud noise ( was woken – woken – woke – woked ) us up during the night.
58- The bank had ( robbed – been robbed – been robbing – robbing ) before the
police arrived.
59- The play ( was performed – performed – was performing – performs ) without
a break.
60- Ali ( didn't see – wasn't seen – hasn't seen – won't be seen ) at the party
yesterday.
61- They ( were deceive – were deceiving – were deceived – was deceived ) by
the appearance of the rich man.
62- Hundreds of crimes ( solved – solve – solves – were solved ) by Holmes.
63- Do you think the character in this story ( based – is basing – has based – was
based ) on a real person?

63
64- She ( was accused – has accused – had accused – was accusing ) of forging
money.
65- This picture ( painted – was painted – is painted – has been painted ) by my
friend last week.
66- The bus ( was broken – broke – breaks – has been broken ) down suddenly
yesterday.
67- Gulliver’s Travels ( writes – is written – was written – wrote ) by Charles
Dickens a long time ago.
68- Hardly had he reached the island ( than – then – when – while ) he found
himself alone
69- Jane ( didn’t allow – allowed – wasn’t allowed – did allow ) to go out until
Adele fell ill.
70- It wasn’t ( until – when – after – as soon as ) he had ridden the horse that it
threw him to the ground.

Exercises On Unit 9.
2- Supply the missing words in the following passage :
1. Taha Hussein 1) ………….… blind since she was born. However, he 2) …..…..
a clever boy. He learnt how to 3) …………. and write at religious meetings.
Then, he 4) ………….. school in his village. After he 5) ………….…. school, he
joined university. Then, he became 6) ……………. Of the best Arab writers.
2. Mozart was a famous Austrian musician 1) …………….….. composer. He lived
2) ………………. 1756 to 1791. He 3)……………….. composing at the age 4)
……..…….. five and wrote more 5)………………… 600 pieces of music. He
was only 35 years old 6)……………..…. he died.
3. Sarah 1)……………... to a party last week. Paul went to the party too but they
2)…………….. see each other. Paul 3) ……………. home at 10.30 and Sarah
arrived at 11 o'clock. So, When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul 4)…………
there. He 5)…………… the party before that and 6) ………….. home.
4. Yesterday Karen and Jim 1)………. tennis. They began 2)…………. 10 o'clock
and 3)……………. at 11.30. Before that, they 4) ……………… everything they
might need. When they finished, they 5)……………… to visit their aunt who 6)
…………..very happy with them.
5. Dennis stopped smoking two years 1)……………… . He 2)………...………. a
64
 heavy smoker. He used to 3)…………………... 40 cigarettes a day but now he
4) ………..… . He once 5) ………….…… a doctor speaking about smoking bad
effects so he 6) …………….….. after that.
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
A journalist is coming to our school on Thursday. He's writing a story about
our science club because it has done some projects about conserving energy and
developing new energy sources. He's arriving at ten o'clock. The headmistress will
give him some tea in her office, then he'll visit the science classes with Mr Magdy,
the head science teacher. In our science club, after we had gathered information
from the internet, we made posters about conserving energy. We want to
encourage others to conserve energy by using less electricity and using public
transportation more. We also learned about the efforts of scientists and engineers
to find new energy sources. We made small models of solar energy panels that
generate electricity from sunlight, and windmills that generate electricity from the
wind. These will be exhibited at other schools. Some of us drew ideas for new
types of cars that will use less fuel. Many science club members want to become
energy engineers. We hope this journalist's story will encourage other students to
find solutions to energy problems.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1- Science clubs in schools can be ……………… .
a) dangerous b) unimportant c) useless d) useful
2- What does the underlined word "These" refer to?
a) models b) sunlight and wind
c) windmills d) solar energy panels
3- Who made the models?
a) Mr Magdy b) all the students
c) engineers d) the science club members
4- The word conserve means ………………… .
a) conceive b) deserve c) keep d) deceive
B) Answer the following Questions:
5- Why is the journalist going to visit the school?
6- What three things did the science club make?
7- The article mentions two ways to conserve energy. What are they?
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
65
 In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to
prepare yourself for it. You must arrive early for the interview, so that you give
yourself a little time to relax before it begins. You have to look your best for the
interview. Try to find out if the company has any rules about dress, then dress
according to their regulations. If they don’t allow their staff to come to work in
casual clothes, you may ruin your chances for a job by wearing the wrong sort of
clothes to the interview. You also need to plan what you are going to say. In some
interviews you will have to do a lot of talking, and in others you will only have to
answer a few questions about yourself, your schoolwork, your strong points, your
reasons for applying for the job, and the salary you expect. You’ll be allowed to
ask some questions of your own. The questions you ask will show the interviewer
that you have given careful thought to the position. You can ask questions like
these: What duties will I have to do in the job? Will I be allowed to join a health
insurance programme? Does the company provide opportunities for further
education? You must also try to find out as much as you can about the company
by talking to someone who works there, or by asking for copies of the company’s
booklets, brochures or advertising.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1. The underlined word “casual” means …………………… .
a) formal b) informal c) expensive d) cheap
2. In the interview, the interviewee ……………… .
a) answers questions only b) asks questions only
c) answers and asks questions d) writes questions only
3. During the interview, the interviewee can ask questions about ………...… .
a) himself b) the company c) the interviewer d) the salary
4. What would happen if the interviewee wore the wrong sort of clothes?
a) He would get the job b) He wouldn't get the job
c) He would be punished d) He would be employed
B) Give short answers to the following questions:
5. Why should one relax before an interview?
6. Mention two things that would help an interviewee to get a job.
7. How can the interviewee get knowledge about the company?
4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:
a) Education reform

66
 b) Reading literatutre and its effect on people
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1. School education plays an important role in shaping the character of children.
That’s why all governments try to develop it all the time.
2. Online learning is becoming more popular today as more students have access
to computers and the internet. Some people believe that computers will replace
classrooms in the future.
3. Education is a process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, habits and
values. It also helps people become useful members of society.
4. Some of the most important aims of education are to build the Egyptians citizen
who is able to face thefuture. It also aims at preparing a generation of
scientists able to stand up the monopoly of science and technology.
5. Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words , we do not
educate children for the purpose of education but to fit them for life.
b- Translate into English:
‫ لقد دخلت التكنولوجيا الحديثة في الم@@دارس في كل أنح@@اء مصر ويت@@درب الطلبة على اس@@تخدام‬-1
.‫أجهزة التابلت‬
‫ يجب على المدرس@@@@ين فى ال@@@@وقت الحاضر مواكبة الط@@@@رق الحديثة فى التربية واس@@@@تخدام‬-2
.‫التكنولوجيا الحديثة التى أصبحت جزءاً هاما ً من حياتنا اليومية‬
‫ لم يعد التعليم التقلي@@دى مناس@@با ً لألجي@@ال الجدي@@دة ومواكبة التط@@ور المس@@تمر فى جميع مج@@االت‬-3
. ‫الحياة الحديثة لذا تسعى الحكومة الى تطوير التعليم بشكل يتناسب مع العصر‬
‫ يُق@@ال أن األدب والفن هما م@@رآة المجتمع ال@@تى تعكس حض@@ارته وقيمه ال@@تى تتط@@ور على مر‬-4
.‫العصور فهما من أهم أدوات ترقية السلوك الحضارى لألفراد‬
‫ يجب أن ينال المعلم كل التق@@دير من المجتمع ح@@تى يس@@تطيع أداء رس@@الته الس@@امية فى بن@@اء عقل‬-5
.‫وشخصية األجيال الجديدة ولكى تنجح خطط تطوير المجتمع‬

67
 Unit 10 : What’s Your Job?.
Vocabulary.
rewarding ‫ عائد بالنفع‬/ ‫ مُجزى‬caring / confident ‫ واثق‬/ ‫مهتم‬
apply / skill ‫ مهارة‬/ ‫ يتقدم‬- ‫ يطبق‬honest / loyal ‫ مخلص‬/ ‫أمين‬
training )‫ تدريب (مهارى‬flexible / punctual ‫ منضبط‬/ ‫مرن‬
stressful ِ ‫ م‬firefighter
‫ شاق‬/ ‫ُجهد‬ ‫رجل مطافى‬
contract / practical ‫ عملى‬/ ‫ عقد‬reliable ‫ يُعتمد عليه‬/ ‫موثوق به‬
qualifications ‫ مؤهالت‬team player ‫العب فريق‬
casualty department ‫ قسم الطوارئ‬baker / plumber ‫ سباك‬/ ‫خباز‬
apprenticeship ‫ تدريب مهنى‬vet / hard-working ‫ مجتهد‬/ ‫طبيب بيطرى‬
(flight) attendant )‫ مضيفة (طيران‬office worker ‫عامل فى مكتب‬
construction / industry ‫ صناعة‬/ ‫ تشييد‬shop assistant ‫بائع فى محل‬
degree ‫ درجة حرارة‬/ ‫ درجة جامعية‬police officer ‫ضابط شرطة‬
variety ‫ مجموعة مُنوعة‬/ ‫ تنوع‬good communicator ‫ لبق‬/ ‫محاور جيد‬
attention to details ‫ االنتباه للتفاصيل‬job(s) fair ‫معرض الوظائف‬
deadline ‫ نهاية المهلة‬/ ‫ موعد نهائى‬IT skills ‫مهارات تكنولوجيا المعلومات‬
sirens / fancy ‫ يتخيل‬/ ‫ أبواق السيارات‬academic career ‫حياة مهنية أكاديمية‬
teammates ‫ رفقاء الفريق‬/ ‫ زمالء‬busy hospital ‫مستشفى مزدحم‬
laboratory / worries ‫ مخاوف‬/ ‫ معمل‬particular type ‫نوع معين‬
challenges and rewards ‫ تحديات ومكافآت‬personal statement ‫نبذة شخصية‬
goods and services ‫ بضائع وخدمات‬local company ‫شركة محلية‬
68
professional ‫ محترف‬a period of time ‫فترة من الزمن‬
real activities ‫ أنشطة حقيقية‬a little boy ‫ولد صغير فى الحجم‬
job opportunities ‫ فرص عمل‬theatre / obviously ‫ بوضوح‬/ ‫مسرح‬
options / routes ‫ طرق‬/ ‫ اختيارات‬Egyptian cuisine ‫أسلوب الطهى المصرى‬
characteristics ‫ سمات‬/ ‫ مواصفات‬problem solving ‫حل المشكلة‬
emergency room ‫ غرفة طوارئ‬immediate / tiring ‫ مُتعِب‬/ ‫مؤقت‬
legal agreement ‫ موافقة قانونية‬involve ‫ يتورط‬/ ‫ يورط‬/ ‫يتضمن‬
medical knowledge ‫ معلومات طبية‬the public / the pay ‫ األجر‬/ ‫الجمهور‬
nursing college ‫ كلية التمريض‬ward / vast ‫ شاسع‬/ ‫عنبر فى مستشفى‬
international airline ‫ مطار دولى‬stand ‫ منصة‬/ ‫كشك‬
Central Cairo ‫ وسط القاهرة‬community / kindness ‫ عطف‬/ ‫مجتمع‬
no-biased information ‫ معلومات غير اساسية‬availability ‫ توافر‬/ ‫اتاحة‬
toy fire engines ‫ يشغل محركات‬understanding ‫تفاهم‬
sick children ‫ أطفال مرضى‬compassionate ‫ شفيق‬/ ‫حنون‬
a chemist / chemistry ‫ صيدلية‬/ ‫ صيدلى‬seem / explain ‫ يشرح‬/ ‫يبدو‬
behaviour / support ‫ دعم‬/ ‫ سلوك‬incredibly ‫بصورة ال تصدق‬
employment ‫ وظيفة‬/ ‫ توظيف‬Not really! !‫ليس بالضبط‬
certificate ‫ شهادة مدرسية‬pursue / essential ‫ اساسى‬/ ‫يتعقب‬
post graduates ‫ دراسات عليا‬equally ‫بشكل متساوى‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

find out about ‫ يكتشف عن‬do something well ‫يفعل شئ بشكل جيد‬
a two-year contract ‫ عقد لمدة سنتين‬do something practical ‫يفعل شئ عملى‬
care for / about ‫ يهتم بـ‬have a talk with ‫يتحدث مع‬
apply for ‫ لجواز‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫ يتقدم لوظيفة‬have work experience ‫لديه خبرة عمل‬
apply to (a college) ‫ يتقدم لجهة أو شخص‬get work experience ‫يكتسب خبرة عمل‬
relate to ‫ يتعلق بـ‬/ ‫ يرتبط بـ‬adapt to situations ‫يتبنى مواقف‬
plenty of / a lot of ‫ كثير من‬work in )‫ مجال‬/ ‫ قسم‬/ ‫يعمل فى (مكان‬
eligible for a job ‫ مؤهل للوظيفة‬work on )‫ اصالح‬/ ‫ تأليف‬/ ‫يعمل فى (تصنيع‬
part of a job ‫ جزء من وظيفة‬communicate … to … ‫يوصل شئ لشخص‬
need … for a job ‫@ لوظيفة‬... ‫ يحتاج‬progress through )‫ عمل‬/ ‫يتقدم فى (خبرة‬
make a formal request ‫ يقدم طلب رسمى‬break down ‫ ينهار فى البكاء‬/ ‫يتعطل‬
skills needed / requested ‫ مطلوبة‬f‫ مهارات‬a natural thing to do ‫شئ طبيعى نفعله‬
make … in writing ‫ كتابة‬... ‫ يعمل‬with serins sounding ‫بأصوات االبواق‬
make … feel calm ‫@ يهدأ‬... ‫ يجعل‬sit at a desk ‫يجلس على مكتب‬
69
essential for ‫ أساسى لـ‬Be employed on ‫يتم توظيفه فى‬
at times ‫ فى أوقات‬What I like best about ‫أكثر ما أحبه بشأن‬

Collocations‫ز‬
become a nurse ‫تصبح ممرضة‬ learn skills ‫يتعلم مهارات‬
do training ‫يحضر تدريب‬ learn a trade ‫يتعلم تجارة‬
get a job ‫يحصل على وظيفة‬ cause worry ‫يسبب قلق‬
do a job ‫يؤدى وظيفة‬ speak languages ‫يتحدث لغات‬
decide a job ‫يحدد وظيفة‬ help the community ‫يساعد المجتمع‬
improve products ‫يحسن المنتجات‬ make furniture ‫يعمل موبليا‬
develop new ones ‫يطور الجديد منها‬ pursue a career ‫يستمر فى مهنة‬
enjoy the challenges ‫يستمتع بالتحديات‬ fix things ‫ يصلح أشياء‬/ ‫يثبت‬
receive a qualification ‫يستلم مؤهل‬ meet the deedline ‫يفى فى الموعد المحدد‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
caring concerned / attentive uncaring / cruel
flexible adaptable / adjustable inflexible / fixed
honest fair / reliable / decent corrupt / illegitimate / dis…….
stressful worrying / distressing calm / easy / relaxing
practical functional / efficient theoretical / academic / im…..
punctual early / timely / precise late / behind / overdue
hardworking industrious / conscientious lazy / careless / indifferent
reassuring comforting / encouraging worrying / disturbing
rewarding satisfying / worthwhile unrewarding / vain / barren
reliable trustworthy / dependable irresponsible / vulnerable
confident certain / self-assured doubtful / tentative / shy
loyal faithful / devoted / patriotic disloyal / treacherous / false

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
qualify qualification qualified
apply application applied / applicable
70
reassure reassurance reassuring
reward reward(s) rewarding
stress stress stressful
vary variety various
pay pay paid
know knowledge knowlegeable
construct construction constructive
rely reliability / reliance reliable
practise practice practical / practiced
punctuate punctuality punctual
confide confidence confident / confidential
challenge challenge(s) challenging

Spot The Difference.

professional amateur
social sociable
society community
adapt adopt
personal personnel
department section
qualified qualification
inquire require
enquire acquire
successful successive
degree grade
reward award
alone lonely
detailed in detail
aged the aged
college colleague
experiment experience
expert experienced

Read the following carefully.

71
.Listening :.
Narrator: Ahmed
Man: Did you find out about any job opportunities at the job fair, Ahmed?
Ahmed: I had a talk with a man from an IT company and he said that there were
lots of jobs for young people in his company. He told me that I needed to
have good maths and IT skills but also English. He said that most people in
IT used English at work. I asked him if I needed to do a degree in
Information Technology and he said ‘no’.
Narrator: Sarah
Woman: Hello Sarah. Was the job fair interesting?
Sarah: Yes, I’ve decided what I want to do as a job now.
Woman: Oh, what’s that?
Sarah: I want to be a flight attendant for an international airline. I talked to a
woman from an airline company and she said that it was a really interesting
job. She told me that I had to speak at least two other languages as well as
Arabic, so I’m going to start learning French. I asked her how many
countries she has visited and she said that so far she’d been to over 40 –
imagine that!
Narrator: Omar
Fatima: Did you get any useful information about work at the fair, Omar?
Omar: Yes. I’m not going to go to university, but I’m going to learn a trade. I spoke
to a man who owns a construction company and I told him that I didn’t really
like studying and that I wanted to do something practical.
Fatima: Well, you’ve always been really good at making and fixing things. Mum
and Dad agree, too.
Omar: I know. That’s what I told him. He asked me whether I had had any work
experience and I told him that I’d been helping our uncle make furniture for a
few years. He said that would be useful and that I should try and get an
apprenticeship in a local company.
--------------------------------------------------
Woman: It’s a really interesting job.
Ahmed: Do I need to do a degree in Information Technology?
Man 1: There are lots of jobs for young people in my company.
Omar: I’m interested in doing a practical job.
Man 2: Do you have any work experience?
----------------------------------------------------------
72
Samir: Hello, this’s Samir. The bus has broken down so I’ll be late for the meeting.
Hassan: Hello, my name’s Hassan. I read the story that is online and I really like it.
Dalia: Hi, Nabila, this is Dalia. I’m sorry you’re ill and didn’t come to school today,
but you don’t need to worry, there isn’t much homework to do.
Mum: Hi Laila, Mum here. I’m working late this evening. There is some fish and
rice in the fridge so you can cook it yourself if you’re hungry.
Tarek: Ahmed, it’s Tarek. Have you seen the news? Turn on the TV, because it’s
very exciting.

Reading.
In this week’s article called What’s your job? We’re talking to two young
professionals about their work.
Ali works in the casualty department at a busy hospital. He says that,
despite the long hours and hard work, the job is incredibly rewarding.
1. Why did you choose to become a nurse?
Well, I’ve always enjoyed caring for people, so it seemed a natural thing to do.
I decided to apply to nursing college, did my training and then got a job here.
2. Do you like your job?
Yes, I love it, although it is very stressful at times. People are sometimes
frightened, so part of my job is to make them feel calm, which can be hard.
3. Is there anything you don’t enjoy?
Not really, although I work from 7 am till 6 pm every day, which is very tiring.
4. What skills do you need to be a successful nurse?
You need to be a good communicator – a lot of nursing is about listening to
people’s worries and explaining what the doctors are going to do. You need to
have good medical knowledge too, but understanding and kindness are really
important.
----------------------------------------------------------
Nadia is a scientist and works in a laboratory as a chemist.
1. Why did you choose to become a scientist?
My best subject at school was chemistry, so I decided to study it at university.
After I graduated, I got a two-year contract to work here.
2. What do you like best about your job?
I’m a very practical person and a lot of my job is about trying to improve
products or develop new ones. I enjoy the challenges and the variety of my
work.

73
3. Are there any challenges in your job?
Of course any job has challenges. It can sometimes be difficult when you’re
working on several products and each one has a deadline to meet.
4. What qualifications do you need to be a successful scientist?
Obviously, you need a degree in Science, but you also have to be good at
problem solving. It’s important to be able to communicate your ideas to other
people too, and that can be difficult sometimes if they’re not scientists.
----------------------------------------------------------
My Dream Job
Name: Mohammed Age: 23
Dream job: Firefighter
Skills: You should be: a team-player, reliable, a good communicator, flexible
Workplace: Central Cairo
I always wanted to be a firefighter. When I was a little boy, I played with toy
fire engines and sometimes watched the fire engines driving down the streets with
their sirens sounding. I knew that I wanted to help people and I also knew I
wanted a job which wasn’t in an office. I’m not great at sitting at a desk and
wanted a job that was outside, exciting and had a lot of variety.
Firefighting can be dangerous and it can be very hard work, but I wouldn’t do
any other job. You must be able to communicate well with your teammates and
also be happy to adapt to different situations when necessary.
Do you fancy a career as a firefighter? If you want an exciting job helping the
community, come and visit me on Stand 21 at the Jobs Fair.
Date: 23 May
Time: 9.00 – 14.00
If you’re not interested in firefighting, there are plenty of other jobs to find out
about here at the Jobs Fair. Bring your friends and family along – you never know
what career is out there for you!
Work-book Texts
CV
Name: Nabila El-Soory
Age: 24
Address: Central Cairo, Egypt
Dream job: Teacher Qualifications
Post Graduate Certificate in Education: Bradly College, Oxford, England

74
Bachelors Degree in English: Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
I am: punctual , reliable , a good communicator , caring
Experience: I’ve always wanted a job helping people. I watched many lessons on my
training course, and I taught English to young people aged 7–16 years old in the
UK.
Personal statement: I am punctual and reliable. I can communicate well with young
people, and I believe that I am a patient and caring professional.
Interests: Reading, theatre, and Egyptian cuisine
Availability: Immediate

Video Script
The world of work is vast. There are routes into employment for everyone,
with options to study at university, through apprenticeships or progressing
through work experience.
Job fairs are often held to give non-biased information about many
industries. They can tell you about what qualifications, skills and experience you
will need, and you can also find out about what you can expect to earn.
Every job has its challenges and rewards which can affect a person’s
decision about whether to pursue a career. Equally, some characteristics are
essential for certain jobs. For example, a medical professional must be
compassionate, caring and have excellent communication skills.

Definitions.
apprenticeship is a period of time working to learn skills needed to do a job.
attendant a person whose job involves helping the public.
construction the work of building something.
degree a qualification you receive when you finish university.
industry a type of business that produces goods or services
rewarding doing something that makes you feel good
apply make a formal request, usually in writing
training skills or knowledge that make you eligible for a job or work
stressful something which causes worry
skill the ability to do something well
contract a legal agreement
practical relating to real activities and events more than ideas
qualifications learning skills you need for a job
75
hard working working with a lot of efforts
reliable someone who always does what they say they will do
team player a person who works well with others
punctual happening or being done at exactly the time that is arranged
loyal Someone who supports their friends even when it is difficult
flexible Someone who changes their behaviour in different situations
casualty department emergency room in a hospital

Language Notes.
 qualify as a teacher / an accountant ) ‫يتأهل كـ ( يأتي بعدها الوظيفة‬
He qualified as a doctor two years ago.
 qualify in biology / archaeology ) ‫يحصل علي مؤهل في (تخصص معين‬
He qualified in medicine last year.
 be qualified to + inf. ‫ يكون مؤهل لك‬- She is qualified to teach English.

 work ) ‫عمـل ـ مكـان العمـل ( اسم ال يعـد ) ـ يعمل ـ يقوم بتشغيل ( آلة مثال‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
Do you know how to work. = (operate) this coffee machine?
.‫ يصبح معناها مؤلفات أو أعمال فنية أو أدبية أو هندسية‬work ‫ُمعت كلمة‬ َ ‫اذا ج‬
a work of engineering works of engineering
 job ‫وظيفة – مهنة (اسم يعد) و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
 career ) ‫مهنـة الحياة العملية للفـرد ( الفترة التي يقضيها الشخص في وظيفة معينة‬
He started his career 5 years ago. It’s hard to take teaching as a career.
 profession (@‫مهنة تحتاج الى مؤهالت وتدريب ( مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس‬
Teaching is a hard but respected profession.

 decide to + (inf) / that + sentence ‫يقـرر‬

She decided to go out. He decided that you should attend.
 decide on + noun ‫ يختار‬/ ‫يحدد‬
You have to decide on your goal in life.

 graduate from ‫ يتخـرج مـن‬- He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine.

 a graduate of ‫ خـريـج لـ‬- He is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine.
 graduate with a degree in ‫يتخـرج بشهـادة فـى‬

76
 - He graduated with a degree in history.

 make + ‫ مفعـول‬+ to ‫ مصـدر بـدون‬/ make + ‫ صفــة‬+ ‫ شــئ‬/ ‫شخـص‬

They made him study hard. Capital makes business successful.

 every ) 4 ‫ ـ‬3 ‫ ـ‬2 ( ‫كل ( صفة يأتي بعدها اسم ) و يأتي بعدها مفرد أو عدد‬
Every student should do his best to get high marks.
The world cup is held every 4 years.
 each ‫كل ( صفة يأتي بعدها اسم أو تحل محل االسم ) و يأتي بعدها مفرد‬
Each student should do his best to get high marks.
All friends attended the party, each gave her a present.

 outdoor (adj) ) ‫ خارجـى ( بعـدها اسـم‬- Football is an outdoor game.

 outdoors (adv) ‫فى الخـارج‬ - Archaeologists usually work outdoors.
 indoor (adj) ) ‫ داخلـى ( بعـدها اسـم‬- Girls usually like indoor activities.
 indoors (adv)‫ فى الداخـل‬- The boys are playing computer games indoors.

 part of ‫جزء ال يتجزأ‬ - Egypt is part of the continent of Africa.

 a part of ‫جزء يمكن فصله‬ - A part of your work should be revised again.

 experience )‫ خبرة فى مجال العمل (ال تعد‬- This work needs big experience.
 an experience )‫ خبرة فى الحياة (تعد‬- Travel gives him a lot of experiences.

 connect something to something ‫أو مصدر طاقة يوصل بجهاز‬

First connect the printer to the computer.
 connect someone / thing with something ‫ يتعلق بـ‬/ ‫ يرتبط بـ‬/ ‫يربط‬
The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo.
There was nothing to connect him with the crime.
 contact ‫ يتصل بـ‬- Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need anything.

 although ‫بالرغم من (تأتى فى أول أو وسط الجملة ) ويأتى بعدها الجملة األساسية‬
We didn’t find a place to sit in although we arrived early.
 but / however ‫بالرغم من (تأتى فى وسط الجملة فقط ) ويأتى بعدها التناقض‬
We arrived early but / , however we didn’t find a place to sit in.
 despite v-ing / noun ‫بالرغم من (تأتى فى أول أو وسط الجملة ) ويأتى بعدها‬
We didn’t find a place to sit in despite arriving early / our early arrival.

77
 apply for )‫ الخ‬،‫ مكان في الجامعة‬/ ‫ جنسية‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫يتقدم بطلب (للحصول علي وظيفة‬
apply in person ‫ يتقدم بالطلب شخصيا‬apply in writing ً
‫كتابة‬ ‫يقدم الطلب‬
apply to + inf. ‫ يتقدم بطلب لكي‬.. apply to + noun ‫يتقدم بالطلب إلي‬
apply to + noun ‫ ينطبق علي‬apply - ‫يوظف يُطبق‬
Ex: She applied for a job with the local newspaper.
She is going to apply for citizenship next month.
You should apply immediately, in person or by letter.
He has applied to join the police.
The offer only applies to flights from London and Manchester.
I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.
Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.

Language Functions.
Jobs Fair Questions
1. Where do you work? 4. How many holidays do you have?
2. How can I get some work experience? 5. Do I need any qualifications?
3. How much money do you earn? 6. What are the main skills required?
 Choose the correct answer:
1- She is a ( care – careless – caring – cared ) nurse. She offers help and support
to every patient.
2- It seems a ( nature – naturalness – natures – natural ) thing to talk with others
openly.
3- I applied ( to – for – in – with ) a big company for a job advertised in the news
paper.
4- She was well qualified for the job because she had ( did – had – made –
taken ) training in this field.
5- My father works in the English ( part – section – department – corner ) at a well
known university.
6- She is a ( work hard – hard work – hard working – works hard ) student.
7- Her job was ( incredible – incredibleness – credible – incredibly ) influential.
8- She finds working for charities very ( reward – rewarded – rewarding – rewards
) and worthwhile.
9- He found an interesting ( work – job – works – efforts) as an accountant in a big
company.
10- Worry is another word for ( stressful – stress – stressed – stresssing ).
11- What are the main skills( required – require- requiring-requires ) for this job.

78
12- There are many jobs ( loved – fame – popular – popularity ) with young
people in Egypt today.
13- A person who supports their friends even when it’s difficult is ( loyal –
confident – flexible – honest ).
14- When she finishes secondary education, she hopes to join the ( colleague –
collage – college – colligate ) of Medicine.
15- Mr.Shafey is greatly ( experiences – experience – experienced – expert ) in
teaching English.
16- His new job responsibilities are very ( worried – stressed – stressful – worry ).
17- I like doing my job, but it is tiring at ( a time – time – times – a times ).
18- When he becomes angry, he looks ( frightened – frightening – afraid – terrified
). I feel afraid of him.
19- He was punished ( although – but – despite – however ) coming early.
20- Doing his job and studying was very ( hardly – hard – heard – hardness ) for
him.
21- Doing his job and studying was very ( tired – tiring – tire – exhausted ) to him.
22- Through training well and hard work, he became a ( success – succeed –
successful – successive ) player.
23- This work need much ( skills – skill – skillful – skillfullly ) to master it.
24- You should be very ( skills – skill – skillful – skillfully ) to master this job.
25- Mr. Essam is well ( qualify – qualified – qualification – qualifies ) to write a
very successful book.
26- You should be ( knowledge – knowledgeable – know – knowing ) in the field
of medicine.
27- A person who can explain their ideas well is a good ( communication –
communicate – communicator – communicating ).
28- Something is ( hard – rewarded – rewarding – difficult ) when doing it makes
you feel good .
29- The athlete’s been ( rewarded – awarded – won – gained ) a prize because of
his great achievements.
30- The rich man ( rewarded – awarded – won – gained) the driver who returned
a bag of money to him.
31- Heping other people makes me ( felt – feel – feeling – feels) happy and
satisfied.
32- When you are ( replying – applying – replaying – allying ), you are making a
formal request, usually in writing.

79
33- How ( much – many – often – far ) holidays do you have a year?
34- The emergency room in a hospital is called ( casual – causable – causality –
casualty ) department.
35- Learning skills you need for a job is called ( skill – training – qualifications –
contract ).
36- ( Skill – Training – Qualification – Contract ) is skills or knowledge that make
you eligible for a job or work.
37- A legal agreement among people is called a ( skill – training – qualifications –
contract ).
38- When you have the required skills, you will be (legible – illegible – eligible –
legibility ) for the job.
39- The matter was so ( emergency – emergent – emerge – merge ) that he
couldn't wait till the morning.
40- A nurse needs to be ( patient – a patient – patience – a patience ) on dealing
with children.
41- Companies do their best to ( make – say – do – exert ) their jobs rewading.
42- He asked me whether I ( had – did – made – gave ) any work experience.
43- Last week I vested Cairo International Book ( Exhibition – Fair – Justice –
gallery ) and bought a lot of useful books.
44- I am employed ( at – on – of – about ) the children’s ward in a hospital.
45- After I had graduated, I got a ( two-years – two-yearly – two-year – two-
year's ) contract to work abroad.
46- You should have a little more ( practical – practice – practise – practiced ) to
pass your exams.
47- Candidates should have training and ( practical – practices – practise –
practiced ) experience.
48- We shouldn't buy ( produce – production – productive – products ) that don’t
have labels.
49- To get this job, you must ( prove – approve – improve – strove ) your
language skills.
50- When he was climbing the mountain, he met many ( challenge – challenges –
challengers – danger ).
51- You can choose from a ( vary – various – variable – variety ) of books here.
52- Climbing the mountain was very ( challenge – challenging – changing –
danger ) but amusing.

80
53- It is sometimes difficult when you’re working ( for – with – at – on ) several
products.
54- You should apply for the job before the ( redline – wrinkle line – deadline –
offline ).
55- The changes in her character were very ( obvious – obviously – obviated –
violated ).
56- She failed the exams because she got a bad ( degree – grade – marks –
qualifications ).
57- He teaches at university and has a ( degree – grade – qualify – mark ) in
Biology.
58- We always play football ( outdoor – indoor – outdoors – indoors ).
59- My friend advised me to look ( after – at – into – for ) another job to improve
my income.
60- My friend advised me to ( search – find – look – make ) another job to improve
my income.
61- A ( degree – grade – qualification – mark ) is a qualification you receive when
you finish university.
62- A / An ( skill – industry – training – contract ) is a particular type of business
that produces a particular type of goods or services.
63- The World Cup of football is played ( all – each – every – whole ) four years.
64- A / An ( attendant – casualty – apprentice – nurse ) is a person whose job
involves helping the public.
65- A / An ( attention – industry – apprenticeship – degree ) is a period of time
working in order to learn skills needed to do a job.
66- His previous job was a ( really – real – reality – realness ) interesting job.
67- Where did you ( make – do – qualify – give ) your degree?
68- Mr.Hesham has great ( experiences – experience – experienced – experiment
) in teaching English.
69- What other ( difference – differences – distinction – differs ) do you notice?
70- The abbreviation of Information Technology is ( CV – IT – BSc – BA ).

Reported Speech ‫الحديث غيـر المباشـر‬

Statement ‫الجملة الخبرية‬

: ‫عند تحويل جملة من مباشر إلى غير مباشر نتبع اآلتى‬ 
: ‫تغييرات خارج األقواس‬ 
say say say to tell said said
81
 says says says to tells said to told
. ‫ أو بدونها‬that ‫تحذف األقواس ونربط بــ‬ 
: ‫يتغير الزمن داخل األقـواس إذا كان الفعل خارج األقواس ماضى كاآلتى‬ 
‫مضـارع بسيـط‬ ‫مـاضى بسيـط‬ ‫مضــارع تــام‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬
‫مضـارع مستمر‬ ‫ماضى مستمـر‬ ‫ماضى بسيــط‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬
‫األفعـال الناقصة‬ ‫ماضيهـا‬ ‫ماضى مستمر‬ ‫ماضى تام مستمر‬
must ‫الضرورة‬ had to = inf ‫ كان مضطر لفعل كذا‬/ ‫أضطر الى فعل كذا‬
must ‫االستنتاج‬ must have + pp ‫ أكيد حدث كذا‬/ ‫بمعنى أكيد فعل كذا‬
: ‫تحول الظروف الزمنية والمكانية كاآلتى‬ 
yesterday the day before - the previous day
tomorrow the next ( following ) day
now then today that day
tonight that night ago, last before
next the following here there
this that these those
He said to me “I will travel to Port Said tomorrow”
He told me that he would travel to port said the next day.
She said to her brother, “I phoned you yesterday”
She told her brother that she had phoned him the day before.
and (added) that ‫ اذا كان هناك جملتين فى غير المباشر نربط بـ‬: ‫الحـظ‬ 
She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize.
‫متى ال يتم رفع الزمن درجة‬
.‫ال يتم تغيير ما بداخل األقواس فى هذه الجملة ألن ما بداخل األقواس حقيقة علمية‬ 
”.Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round
.Ali told Ramy that the earth is round
. ‫و هنا ألن فعل القول مضارع بسيط‬ 
”.Rania says, “ I will travel to London
.Rania says that she will travel to London
.‫و هنا ألن الحدث قيل فى الحال أو قبل فترة بسيطة‬ 
”.He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave
.He said just now that no one is allowed to leave
.wish / If only ‫ الحالة الثانية أو الثالثة وبعد‬if ‫وهنا ألن الجمل شرطية لــ‬ 
She said, “ If I had met him, I would have known the news.”
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 She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news.

Orders & Requests

ordered / asked / told / advised / warned / begged : ‫يتحول فعل القول إلى‬ 
: ) to + ‫فى األمر المثبت نستخدم ( المصدر‬ 
He said to his son “study hard.”
He advised his son to study hard.
: ) not to + ‫فى األمر المنفى نستخدم ( المصدر‬ 
He said to me “don’t waste your time.”
He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time.
He said tome " Open the door and don't close the window."
He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window.

Reported Questions
( asked / wondered / wanted to know / inquired ) ‫ نحول فعل القول إلي‬
( if / whether ) ‫ إذا كان السؤال بأداة استفهام نربط بها وإذا كان بفعل مساعد نربط بـ‬
‫نتبعـ نفس الخطوات الخاصة بالضمائر والكلمات واألزمنة كما الجملة الخبرية‬. 
‫بعد الرابط نقدم الفاعل على الفعل (المساعد) وال نضع عالمة استفهام في أخر الجملة‬.
 Mona said to Amr, " When will your father visit my father?"
Mona asked Amr when his father would visit her father .
 She said to me, " Did you attend the party yesterday?
She asked me If I had attended the party the day before .
: to + inf ‫ ولكن يأتى بعدها‬said ‫ االفعال االتية تستخدم بدال من‬: ‫ الحظ‬-
offer / agree / promise / threaten / order me / advise me
- He said to me, "Yes, I shall go with you." - He agreed to go with me.
- He said to me, "Come here." - He ordered me to go there.
: v-ing ‫ ولكن يأتى بعدها‬said ‫ االفعال االتية تستخدم بدال من‬: ‫ الحظ‬-
suggest / deny / admit / apologize for / accuse …. of
- The thief said, “I didn’t steal the money."
The thief denied stealing the money. / … that he had stolen the money.
- He said, “Let’s swim"
He suggested swimming. He suggested that they should swim.
: ‫ الحظ ايضا هذه الجمل‬-
- She said to me, “Have a nice holiday!" - She wished me a nice holiday.
83
 - He said to his son, “Don’t play with match or you'll get burnt."
He warned his son against playing with match or he’d get burnt.
He warned his son not to play with match or he’d get burnt.
- He said to me, "Thank you very much." He thanked me very much.
- He said to me, "Would you like to have a drink ?"
He offered me a drink. / He asked me if I would like to have a drink.
Choose the correct answer :
1- He ( said – asked – told – say ) he wouldn't be able to sleep until he had
finished the homework.
2- I asked him what ( was he reading – is he reading – he is reading – he was
reading).
3- She said that she ( want – wants – wanted – is wanting ) to be a writer.
4- He asked me where ( I have been – have I been – had I been – I had been ).
5- She said that her mother ( help – helped – was helping – helping ) her with her
homework then.
6- He asked me if ( do I buy – did I buy – I buy – I had bought ) a new car the
previous month.
7- She said they ( meet – would meet – are meeting – met ) them there the
following Saturday.
8- She ( asked – wondered – complained – ordered ) that she had waited for more
than an hour.
9- They promised that they ( phone – would phone – will phone – phones ) us as
soon as they arrived.
10- He admitted that he ( arrives – has arrived – had arrived – will arrive ) late the
night before.
11- She said ( that – if – what – where ) she was hoping to come and see me the
following week.
12- He asked me if I knew that his sister ( is – has been – had been – will be ) ill.
13- He denied ( to be – had been – was – being ) at the scene of the crime.
14- I wanted to know what ( they thought – did they think – had they thought – will
they think ) of my idea.
15- She wondered ( if – where – when – that ) there was anything interesting at the
weekend.
16- I admitted that I ( don't have – am not having – didn't have – doesn't have ) any
plans.
17- I explained that I ( would have to – will have to – will – shall ) ask my mother.
84
18- She wanted to know if I ( will like – do like – would like – likes ) to go shopping
with her.
19- Peter ( asked – wondered – promised – wanted ) he would phone me that
evening.
20- She said, "I ( didn't see – won't see – wasn't seen – hadn't seen ) anyone until
I have finished.”
21- She asked me, " ( Have you watched – You watched – You are watching –
You watch ) the DVD?"
22- She asked him ( which – what – whether – who ) he was going out.
23- She asked me ( carrying – to carry – carry – carried ) the bag for her.
24- He wanted to know how much I ( pay – have paid – had I paid – I had paid ) for
my car.
25- She refused ( lending – lend – to lend – to lending ) me the money I needed.
26- He ordered her ( to stop – stop – not stop – stopping ) making noise.
27- She advised her son ( to waste – don’t waste – not to waste – waste ) his time
28- My aunt said that she ( helps – could help – will help – has helped ) me the
following week.

29- He said just now that he ( is travelling – travelled – would travel – could travel )
tomorrow.
30- My mother said that she ( used to – uses to – had used to – would use to ) iron
her clothes.
31- He said that he ( doesn't go – wouldn't go – hadn't gone – won't go ) to school
the previous day.
32- Dalia thanked me ( to lend – to lending – for lending – lending ) some money.
33- Nour suggested ( to watch – watching – to watching – watch ) a film on TV.
34- The headmaster offered ( helping – help – to help – helped ) the pupils.
35- He said his favourite drink ( are – has been – was – was being ) orange juice.
36- He said that the first thing he ( do – does – did – done ) when he got there
was to turn on the ovens.
37- They said that they ( 've – 'll – 'd – 's ) leave for Canda the next day.
38- He told her that he had visited Kafr El Sheikh ( then – yesterday – the day
before – the next day ).
39- Samar told Hala that ( hers – my – his – her ) new dress was expensive.
40- He said that ( his – hers – me – my ) favourite drink was orange juice
41- They told me that the sun ( rise – rose – rises – risen ) in the east.

85
42- Omar said that his car ( repaired – had repaired – was repairing – had been
repaired ) the day before.
43- Ahmed says that he ( went – gone – goes – had gone ) to Alex every year.
44- He ( told – said – asked – ordered ) he was living with his uncle.
45- He said that he ( had written – would write – is writing – was writing ) a letter
then.
46- He told me that he ( will reach – would reach – reached – had reached ) Cairo
the following week.
47- He said he ( attended – was attending – had attended – has attended ) the
meeting the day before.
48- Samir ( said – told – asked – spoke ) he had never been to Luxor.
49- He said that he ( would see – has seen – had seen – was seen ) a new film
on TV the night before.
50- He told me that he ( will visit – would visit – is visiting – visited ) me the next
day.
51- He said that the Earth ( was moved – was moving – moves – moved ) round
the sun.
52- The doctor ( advised – said – spoke – recommended ) me to stay in bed for a
week.
53- I asked him ( what – when – if – where ) qualifications he had.
54- Could you tell me what ( you intend – do you intend – you intended – did you
intend ) to do after school?
55- She asked me if I had seen ( this – these – that – those ) film before.
56- Ali told me that he had to go to the dentist the ( previous – tomorrow – earlier
– following ) day.
57- She wondered ( if – that – whether – what ) to wait for the bus or to take a
taxi.
58- Samy ( told – said – asked – inquired ) his brother would be very busy.
59- “You must see the doctor tomorrow.” – Mum said that I ( had to – have to –
will have to – would have to ) see the doctor the next day.
60- The boys said they ( had – have – were having – have had ) a holiday the
week after.
Exercises On Unit 10.
2- Supply the missing words in the following passage :

86
1. When I was young I always wanted to know 1)…..………. my parents love me 2)
………...… not so I sometimes 3)……….……… deliberate mistakes and waited
to see if they 4) ……………… punish me but unfortunately, it always ended 5)
……………… punishing me. They always said that a good boy 6) …………..
make a lot of mistakes.
2. Yesterday, my teacher 1)…………. me some advice. He told me 2)………… do
my best. He 3)…………… that hard work is the root of all success. He also
advised me 4)……………… to give up. He 5) …………… if I follow his advice
and I 6) ……………. “Of course, sir.”
3. Yesterday, I met Andy Turner, an expert 1)…………. twentieth-century poetry
who is writing a book about the English poet Spring Rice. First, I 2)……...…….
Andy where the poet 3)……..…..…. grown up. He 4) ………….. me that he was
born 5)…………... London in 1859. I 6) …………. him for the valuable
information.
4. Once, I 1)……………. a meeting with Dr. Magdi Yacoub. I 2)……………. him
how he had achieved all that fame. He 3)…………… me that hard work was
the main reason. He also 4) …………….. whether I had a goal 5) ………… or
not. He 6) …………. me to put myself a goal and try to reach it.
5. When my parents decided 1)................ get a new satellite television, I asked
them why they thought it 2).……...…… a good idea. They said that they 3)
…………… thought about the matter very carefully. 'We enjoy television,' they
4)……….. to me, and when we asked you, you 5) …………….. that you agreed
so we 6) …………… it at once.
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Diabetes, a lifelong disease for which there is not yet a cure, is caused by
reduced production of insulin, or by decreased ability to use insulin. Insulin, the
hormone produced by the cells of the pancreas, allows blood sugar (glucose) cells
to be able to use blood sugar. This hormone is necessary for glucose to go from
the blood to the inside of the body cells. With inadequate insulin, glucose builds up
in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells.
The body is unable to use glucose for energy despite the high levels of
glucose in the bloodstream. This causes the excessive thirst, urination, and
hunger, which are the most common symptoms of diabetes. The excessive sugar
remains in the blood and is then removed by the kidneys. This disease occurs in
several forms, but the most common are Type I Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Type
87
II or Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Diabetic patients no longer die from the
disease because of the discovery of Insulin.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1. There are ………………………. types of diabetes.
a. three b. four c. two d. five
2. Diabetic persons have a damaged ……………………… .
a. Pancreas b. lung c. heart d. arm
3. The discovery of Insulin made the diabetic persons …………….
a. live longer b. die quickly c. no longer live d. commit sucide
4. The excess sugar is removed by…………….
a. the liver b. the pancreas c. the kidneys d. the lungs
B) Answer the following questions:
5. What happens when the insulin produced by the pancreas is not enough?
6. What are the symptoms of diabetes?
7. Which type of diabetes use insulin as a remedy?
4- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Have you ever noticed how busy the roads in Cairo are especially in the
rush hours? Every year more and more cars are using them. These cars do a lot
of harm. Not only do they disrupt the traffic but they also cause pollution. Almost
every family has a car. Some families have more than one. No wonder you see
many traffic jams all over the city. Perhaps the worst jams are at the city centre.
These long lines of cars crawling into Cairo waste time and money. Every day,
precious time is wasted while you are waiting impatiently at the traffic lights.
At last when you reach your destination, you have every right to feel kind of
relief, but soon you face new troubles. There is no place to park your car. In Cairo
it is very hard to find parking spaces. It is a problem that causes us trouble by day
and anxiety by night. To solve this problem more car-parks should be built just
outside the city centre. Then the drivers can leave their cars and catch a bus to
their offices. Another solution is to build multiple storey garages.
Wide, smooth, straight roads must be built now in place of the old, narrow
roads. These roads must not pass through the city centre, by-pass it, they must
not be crossed by other roads. This can be achieved by fly-over bridges. It is
pleasant to see such roads being built now. Carts, tuk-tuks and cycles should not
be allowed on such roads. Let us hope that in the near future when people rush to
work and then back home the roads will be as orderly as ever and traffic will flow
without hindrance.
88
a. Choose the correct answer:
1. Car-parks should be built …………………… .
a) inside the city centre b) outside the city centre
c) in the country d) abroad
2. Which of the following does the passage suggest for new roads?
a) Producing more tuk-tuks. b) Producing more carts.
c) Building parks in city centres. d) Building fly-over bridges.
3. What does the underlined pronoun “them” refer to?
a) rush hours b) cars c) roads d) years
4. What do you think the underlined word “crawling” means?
a) running well b) moving slowly c) breaking down d) emitting fumes
b. Answer the following questions:
5. What problem do drivers face after reaching a destination inside Cairo?
6. How do you think traffic jams affect us?
7. Why do you think parking problems make people anxious at night?
4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:
a) The job you would like to do when you are old
b) A good employee’s qualities
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1- All experts recommend that everyone should make good use of their spare
time. They assure that time lost can’t be regained.
2- The government is carrying out a lot of industrial and agricultural projects in
Upper Egypt. This leads to providing job opportunities for the citizens there.
3- You must be able to communicate well with your teammates and also be happy
to adapt to different situations when necessary.
4- Besides being an important source of national income, tourism strengthens ties
among the nations of the world. It also helps to spread peace, love and
understanding.
5- In the past, trade was on a small scale. Today, trade has greatly developed and
increased as goods are now transported quickly and safely.
6- Unemployment is a serious problem which can lead to disastrous effects on
people and societies. Illegal immigration is one of its serious results.

89
‫‪7- We should be optimistic and always think about the good side of life.‬‬
‫‪Pessimism is a deadly enemy that defeats our hopes and hinders our‬‬
‫‪ambitions.‬‬
‫‪8- The Egyptian Knowledge Bank will be one of the most important information‬‬
‫‪resources. That’s why all Egyptian students, teachers, university scholars and‬‬
‫‪professors can have access to it.‬‬
‫‪b- Translate into English:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬يجب محاربة الكثير من الظ@@واهر الغريبة على المجتمع المص@@رى مثل العنف والجريمة وع@@دم‬
‫احترام كبار السن حيث أن لها كثيراً من األضرار الخطيرة علينا‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬يجب أن يمتلك الُكت@@اب بش@@كل ع@@ام والش@@عراء بش@@كل خ@@اص الموهبة والخي@@ال لكى يص@@لوا الى‬
‫عقول ومشاعر القُراء من مختلف األعمار‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬تعمل الحكومة على إنشاء العديد من مراكز الشباب وتزويدها باالمكانيات الحديثة لتسهل عليهم‬
‫ممارسة الرياضة وقضاء أوقات فراغهم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬مهما كان طموحك للمستقبل عليك أن تعمل بجد وصبر لكى تستطيع تحقيقه‪ ،‬ولكن ت@@ذكر أيض@ا ً‬
‫أن التخطيط الجيد يساعدك على تحقيق ذلك‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬لألصدقاء دور كبير فى حياة الشباب ل@ذلك على األب@اء مس@اعدة أبن@ائهم على أختي@ار األص@دقاء‬
‫الجيدين الذين يساعدونهم على النجاح فى حياتهم‪.‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
 Unit 11 : Amazing People.
Vocabulary.
achieve ‫ ينجز‬/ ‫ يحقق‬activist / complaint ‫ شكوى‬/ ‫ناشط‬
achievement ‫ تحقيق‬/ ‫ انجاز‬campaign ‫ يدافع‬/ ‫ يطالب‬/ ‫حملة‬
compete ‫ يتناقش‬/ ‫ يُنافس‬campaigner ‫ مدافع‬/ ‫مؤيد‬
competition ‫ مسابقة‬/ ‫ منافسة‬outstanding / floors ‫ طوابق‬/ ‫بارز‬
kung fu ‫ رياضة الكونج فو‬ramp (s) ‫ ممشى لكرسى متحرك‬/ ‫منحدر‬
bronze medal ‫ ميدالية برونزية‬lift (s) / steps ‫ درجات سلم‬/ ‫مصاعد‬
muscle (s) @)‫ عضلة (عضالت‬highs and lows ‫مواقف نجاح وفشل‬
powerlifting ‫ رياضة رفع األثقال‬champion ‫بطل رياضى‬
windsurfing ‫ رياضة ركوب األمواج‬staff / madam ‫ سيدة‬/ ‫هيئة عاملين‬
snowboarding ‫ التزلج على الجليد‬employees / runners ‫ عدَائين‬/ ‫موظفين‬
cycling ‫ ركوب الدراجات‬sociology ‫علم االجتماع‬
wheelchair ‫ كرسى متحرك‬race / racers ‫ متسابقين‬/ ‫سباق‬
disability / polio ‫ شلل األطفال‬/ ‫ إعاقة‬spina bifida ‫خلل العمود الفقرى‬
request / support ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫ يطلب‬podcast / bubble ‫ فقاعة‬/ ‫بث إذاعى‬
campus ‫ الحرم الجامعى‬diversity ‫ التنوع البيئى‬/ ‫تعدد‬
Olympic Games ‫ األلعاب االولمبية‬celebrity ‫أحد المشاهير‬
Paralympics ‫ األلعاب االولمبية للمعاقين‬undercooked ‫غير مكتمل الطهى‬
paralympian ‫ العب معاق اولمبى‬bother / noisy ‫ صاخب‬/ ‫يضايق‬
equal opportunities ‫ فرص متكافئة‬retire / persevere ‫ يثابر‬/ ‫يتقاعد‬
positive effects ‫ آثار ايجابية‬organization / stamina ‫ ثبات‬/ ‫منظمة‬
different levels ‫ مستويات مختلفة‬sacrifice / strength ‫ قوة‬/ ‫تضحية‬
unsuccessful times ‫ أوقات الفشل‬determination ‫ عزيمة‬/ ‫اصرار‬
disabled colleagues ‫ زمالء معاقين‬especially ‫ بصورة خاصة‬/ ‫خاصة‬ ً
athletes / athletics ‫ ألعاب القوى‬/ ‫ العبين‬including ‫بما فى ذلك‬
metal disc ‫ قرص معدنى‬recommend ‫ يرشح‬/ ‫يوصى‬
secondary school ‫ مدرسة ثانوية‬actually / notice ‫ يالحظ‬/ ‫بالفعل‬
terrible accident ‫ حادث شنيع‬cafeteria / awful ‫ فظيع‬/ ‫كافيتريا‬
love of sport ‫ حب الرياضة‬issue ‫ ينشر‬/ ‫ مشكلة‬/ ‫ مسألة‬/ ‫قضية‬
existing building ‫ مبنى موجود‬ensure / range ‫ سلسلة‬- ‫ نطاق‬/ ‫يضمن‬
paperwork ‫ اعمال كتابية‬special guest ‫ضيف خاص‬
physical difference ‫ اختالف بدنى‬a waste of time ‫مضيعة للوقت‬
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medical condition ‫حالة طبية‬ strong arms ‫سواعد قوية‬
sloping surface ‫سطح مائل‬ charity activist ‫ناشط فى العمل الخيري‬
brilliant job ‫وظيفة رائعة‬ sales department ‫قسم المبيعات‬
familiar / current ‫ حالي‬/ ‫مألوف‬ sales and marketing ‫المبيعات والتسويق‬
commissioned / area ‫ منطقة‬/ ‫مكلف‬ the National Team ‫المنتخب الوطنى‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

sign off ‫يسجل خروج من موقع الكترونى‬ in charge of ‫مسئول عن‬
put pressure on ‫ يمارس ضغط على‬/ ‫يجبر‬ travel by plane ‫يسافر بالطيارة‬
in a wheelchair ‫قعيد على كرسى متحرك‬ on long flights ‫فى رحالت طويلة‬
work for charity ‫يعمل لصالح جمعية خيرية‬ speak / talk to ‫ مع‬/ ‫يتحدث الى‬
people with disabilities ‫أشخاص معاقين‬ a little bit about … .... ‫القليل عن‬
participate in ‫يشارك فى‬ Not everybody )‫ليس الجميع (مش الكل‬
compete in ‫يتنافس فى‬ battle against ‫يشن حرب ضد‬
dedicated about ‫مُكرس لـ‬ have the same chances ‫يحظى بنفس الفرص‬
get / move around ‫يتحرك فى األرجاء‬ get from ….. to … @... ‫ الى‬... ‫ينتقل من‬
come first / second ‫ الثانى‬/ ‫يأتى األول‬ do … for living ‫ للعيش‬... ‫يعمل‬
at a difficult time ‫فى وقت صعب‬ Be part of (the games) ‫جزء من االلعاب‬
from …. up to … ‫من كذا متر الى ما يصل‬ Be added to ‫يُضاف الى‬
reply to questions ‫يرد على األسئلة‬ Be the same as ‫نفس الشئ مثل‬
Be trained to ‫يتم تدريبه من أجل‬ come in for an ‫يدخل للمقابلة‬
interview

Collocations‫ز‬
receive training ‫يتلقى تدريب‬ do / practise a sport ‫يمارس رياضة‬
win a medal ‫يفوز بجائزة‬ use a wheelchair ‫يستخدم كرسى متحرك‬
break a record ‫يحطم رقم قياسى‬ achieve his dreams ‫يحقق احالمه‬
hold a record ‫يحمل رقم قياسى‬ achieve success ‫يحقق نجاح‬
make a complaint ‫يقدم شكوى‬ have disability ‫لديه إعاقة‬
make a request ‫يعمل طلب‬ have an illness ‫مُصاب بمرض‬
make a difference ‫يعمل حاجة مختلفة‬ have ramps ‫به منحدرات‬
make changes ‫يُحدِث تغييرات‬ have problems ‫به مشاكل‬
bring hard work ‫يجلب العمل الشاق‬ give talks )‫يٌلقى خطبة (كلمات‬
enter the … games @... ‫يدخل األلعاب‬ stay fit ً ‫يظل الئقا ً بدنيا‬
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lift weights ‫ يرفع أثقال‬inspire others ‫يلهم اآلخرين‬
affect muscles ‫ يؤثر على العضالت‬enjoy sports benefits ‫يتمتع بمزايا رياضية‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
able effective / capable / fit unable / weak / inefficient
amazing astonishing / breathtaking ordinary / poor / bad
diversity difference / variety uniformity
physical real / natural / sensible mental
suitable fit / approperiate unfit / inapproperiate
achievement success / triumph failure / defeat / loss
ability strength / competence inability / weakness / lack
benefit interest / profit / utility loss / damage / downside
equal identical / balanced / fair different / diverse / unequal
difference contrast / argument similarity / harmony / agreement

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
inspire inspiration inspiring
celebrate celebration celebrated
suit suitability suitable
compete competition competitive
quieten quietness quiet
strengthen strength strong
activate activation / activity active
amaze amazement amazing
talk talk talkative
waste waste wasteful
manage management managed
respond / response response responsive

Spot The Difference.

special private
93
 especially specially
almost nearly
above over
champion hero
talk speech
retire resign
quiet silent
favourite favourable
damaged wounded
customer client
illness disease
disability inability
accident event
in the end at the end of

Read the following carefully.

.Listening :.
Nadia : Hello everyone and welcome to the podcast. Every week we talk to a
different guest about their job. Today we have a very special guest who’s
a charity activist from Egypt. Her name is Leila El-Baz. Leila, who has
been an equal opportunities campaigner for almost ten years now, is
here to talk about trying to change the world. Thank you very much for
joining us, Leila.
Leila : Great to be here, Nadia.
Nadia : So tell us a little bit about yourself, Leila. Where are you from?
Leila : I’m from Alexandria, which is a city in the north of Egypt, but I work in
Cairo now.
Nadia : What did you study?
Leila : I studied sociology which I found really interesting.
Nadia : And how did you get into working for charities supporting equal
opportunities? It’s not something that everyone does for living, is it?
Leila : No, I guess it isn’t, but it’s a brilliant job. I would recommend it to all
young people because you can really make a difference – that’s why I
love it so much. I started campaigning for disabled people when I was at
university actually. One of my best friends was disabled and she used a
wheelchair. I noticed that she was having lots of problems just trying to
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 get from one classroom to another, or from the library to the cafeteria.
There were steps everywhere and hardly any lifts or ramps to help
disabled people get from one floor to the next.
Nadia : Wow. That’s awful.
Leila : Yes, I know, so my friend and I decided to try to make changes in our
university. We asked the teachers to talk to the people who were in
charge of the university about the issue and they did.
Nadia : What happened next?
Leila : Well, after about a year, we got four new lifts and lots of ramps. The
university also promised to think about disabled students when they build
new parts of the campus or change existing buildings.
Nadia : That’s excellent.
Leila : When I finished studying, I got a job at a charity which helps disabled
young people find jobs. That was really interesting.
Nadia : But, now you campaign for equal opportunities for a wider range of people
– not just people with disabilities – is that right?
Leila : Yes, that’s right. Now I work for an organisation called Open Eyes which
campaigns in lots of different areas. We try to ensure that people who are
different to other people, in one way or another, still have the same
chances in life.
Nadia : That sounds like great work to be doing, but is there anything you don’t
like about your job?
Leila : Well, I don’t like it when you think you’re going to succeed, but, in the
end, you don’t. And, of course, not all of our work is exciting. We have to
do paperwork too, you know!
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Woman 1: Excuse me, I’d like to make a complaint. My soup is cold.
Woman 2: I do apologise. I’ll make sure you get another soup which is hot.
Old Man: I’m sorry to bother you, but the music is really loud.
Man 1: I’m sorry about that. I’ll make sure my son turns the music down.
Old Woman: I’d like to speak to the manager, please.
Woman 3: I’m afraid she’s out at the moment. Can I help you?
Old Woman: Yes, the problem is that my train is now two hours late. How am I
going to get home this evening?
Woman 3: I’m sorry about that. Perhaps we can book a taxi for you.
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Lama: Excuse me, I’d like to make a complaint. My phone doesn’t work.
Assistant: I do apologise. Perhaps we can repair it.
Hany: I’m sorry to bother you, but you’re very tall. I can’t see the play.
Man: I’m sorry about that. I’ll change places with my wife. She is shorter.
Heba: I’d like to speak to the manager, please.
Waitress: I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. Can I help you?
Heba: Yes, the problem is that my meat is undercooked.
Waitress: I’m sorry about that. We will give you a new meal.
.Reading :. Mahmoud Mohamed Youssef
Mahmoud Mohamed Youssef was a champion in Kung Fu and won many
medals in the sport at secondary school. After a terrible car accident, he now has
a disability which means he has to use a wheelchair. Mahmoud cannot walk
again, but that has not stopped his love of sport. He decided to practise a sport
which you can play in a wheelchair and he became very good at wheelchair
tennis. He has competed in many international wheelchair tennis competitions and
became one of the best wheelchair tennis players in Egypt. That is an amazing
achievement, but Mahmoud has not stopped there. He also helps people who are
in wheelchairs to stay fit, and gives talks to help other people with disabilities.
Amany Ali
Amany Ali is an Egyptian Paralympic powerlifter who won a bronze medal
in the 2016 Paralympic Games in Brazil in 2016. Amany had an illness called polio
when she was younger and this affected the muscles in her feet. She did not start
powerlifting until she was 20, although she has always loved the sport. She
achieved her Paralympic success in Brazil aged 40, and at a very difficult time.
Her father died two days before the competition, so she wanted to win the medal
for him. She also came fourth in the London Paralympic Games in 2012.
Tanni Grey-Thompson
Tanni Grey-Thompson is a British Paralympian wheelchair racer who has a
medical condition called spina bifida. She is unable to walk, so she uses a
wheelchair to get around. Tanni first competed in the 400 metres and wheelchair
basketball at the Paralympics in Seoul in 1988. Tanni won 16 Paralympic medals
in athletics events from the 100 metres up to the 800 metres, including 11 gold
medals. Since she retired from athletics in 2004, Tanni has worked for many

96
different organisations which help people, especially disabled people and women,
to enjoy the benefits of sports.
Work-book Texts
Wheelchair tennis
Some amazing athletes compete in different sports even when they have a
disability For example, some play tennis in wheelchairs. The playing area is the
same as for other tennis competitions, but the players need to have strong
muscles in their arms to move around and to hit the ball. The best players enter
the Paralympic Games, but few achieved as much success as Esther Vergeer,
who is from the Netherlands. She won four gold medals between 2000 and 2012.
Olympic sports
Many Olympic sports have always been part of the modern games, such as
cycling and swimming. Some of the most famous Olympians are runners such as
Usain Bolt and Mo Farah. New sports are sometimes added to the games. For
example, windsurfing became an Olympic Sport in 1984 and snowboarding in
1998. Other sports are not part of the Olympic Games, for example, powerlifting.
That means that great Egyptian powerlifters, like Sherif Othman, can only
compete in the Paralympics.
A campaign for the disabled
Disabled passengers who travel by plane often have a lot of problems.
Frank Gardener, who has used a wheelchair since 2004, campaigns for air travel
to be easier for disabled passengers. This started after he was left on a plane
which had landed at London’s Heathrow Airport for a long time because his
wheelchair was lost. The owner of the plane company, who was very sorry for
what happened, promised to help disabled passengers more in the future. But
Frank says the main problem is what happens to his wheelchair, which is often
broken on long flights.
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Dear Christine Harrison,
Thank you for your interest in working for our company. I am writing to
reply to your questions. Our company already has two disabled employees. We
do not have a lift but we have ramps to both of the floors in our building. All of our
staff are trained to support our disabled colleagues. I would like to know which

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qualifications you have. Could you come in for an interview next week? I look
forward to hearing from you. Kind regards.
Medhat Shoukry, Manager
Video Script
To become an award-winning Paralympian is an outstanding
achievement. These athletes battle against physical disabilities to prove their
strength, stamina and determination.
Competing in the Paralympics often means a life dedicated to training and
often requires a lot of sacrifices to be successful. Even simple tasks can be
difficult with a disability which is why they are so inspiring.
Many Paralympians inspire people to persevere to achieve their dreams.
They often dedicate their time to promoting their sport and helping young people
find opportunities to train.

Definitions.
achieve be successful in doing something.
achievement something good that you have done successfully.
compete take part in a race or a competition.
Kung Fu a Chinese sport which involves fighting with hands and feet.
medal a metal disk that you can win when you do or play a sport.
muscle something inside your body that you use to move.
powerlifting a sport where people lift weights above their heads.
wheelchair a chair with wheels used by someone who can’t walk.
activist someone who tries to change things.
campaign to work in an organised way to change things.
ramp a sloping surface joining two places of different levels.
highs and lows successful and unsuccessful times.
disability a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a
part of your body.
disabled someone who can’t use part of their body in the way that
most people can.

Language Notes.

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 Adjectives ending in (ed) & (ing)
: ‫ تعبـر عن الفاعل أو المسبب لصفة سواء شخص أو شئ‬ed ‫الصفـات المنتھیـة بـ‬
Ali is so tired. He has done many things. A cat is frightened if it sees a dog.
: ‫ تعبـر عن المفعول أو من تقع عليه الصفة سواء شخص أو شئ‬ing ‫الصفـات المنتھیـة بـ‬
Shopping is very tiring. He is annoying. I’m annoyed with him.

 realize ‫ یدرك‬- I'm sorry, I didn't realize that it was so late.

 achieve ‫ یحقق‬- He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work hard.
 reach ( goal – aim – target ) ‫ یصل إلى‬- Finally, He reached his goal.

 win ) ‫ یفوز ــ یكسب ( كأس ـ مبـاراة ـ انتخـابات‬- Adel will win the race.
 beat ) ‫ یھـزم ـ یتغـلب على ( شخـص أو فـریق‬- France could beat Italy.

 play ( football, basketball, tennis, squash … ) ‫تستخـدم مـع األلعـاب المتصلة بالكرة‬
 go ( fishing, sailing, swimming, running …) v-ing ‫تستخدم مع األنشطة المنتهية بـ‬
 do ( karate, hockey, high jump, judo … ) . ‫تستخـدم مـع ألعاب القوى‬

 affect )‫ يؤثر على (بدون حرف جر‬- Smoking affects health badly.
 effect)‫ تأثير (تأخذ حرف جر قبل المفعول‬- Smoking has a bad effect on health.
 effect ‫أحیانا ُتستخدم كفعل بمعني ُیُحدث أو یسبب‬
- He effected several changes in the company.

 hear ) ‫یسمع ( سماع عارض ـ بدون قصد‬

- When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying.
 hear from ‫ یتلقى رسالة من‬- Have you heard from Ahmed?
 hear of - about ‫یسمع أخبار عن ـ یعرف بوجود شخص أو شئ ـ یتلقى معلومات عن‬
- She disappeared and was never heard of her again.

 fit )‫ یناسب ( من حیث المقاس‬- That jacket fits you perfectly.

 suit )‫ یناسب (من حیث الشكل‬- That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it.
 match )‫ یتماشي مع ( لألشیاء‬- Does this shirt match these trousers?

 manage to + inf. ‫ یتمكـن مـن‬- He managed to answer the test.

 succeed in + (v + ing) ‫ ینجـح فـى‬- He succeeded in answering the test.

 good at ‫جيد فعل فعل شئ‬ - She good at cooking / spelling / sports.

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  good for )‫ صحى‬/ ‫ جيد لـ (مفيد‬- These herbs are good for your health.
 good to ‫ عطوف مع‬/ ‫طيب‬ - My uncle is so good to me.
 good with ‫جيد فى مجال‬ - He is so good with numbers.

 training ‫ تدريب مهارى أو مهنى‬- We have training on how to use tablets.

 exercise ‫ تدريب رياضى للياقة‬- She’s doing exercise to keep fit / strong.

 aged = at the age of ‫ في عمر‬- He died, aged 40. / at the age of 40.
 hardly )‫ نادرا (تنفى الجملة‬/ ‫ قلما‬- There is hardly any birds in this area.
 that’s why ) ‫ لذلك (تبين النتيجة‬- He is late. That’s why I’m angry with him.
 successful in / at ‫ عمر‬/ ‫ شئ‬.... - He was successful at avery young age.
 too ‫ صفة‬to ‫ مصدر جداً لدرجة أن ال‬.. - He’s too young to do these games.
 called )‫ يسمى (صفة لجملة موصولة تم حذف ضمير وصلها‬/ ‫يُدعى‬
- She was stopped by an illness called polio. / which was called polio.
 the disabled = disabled children the poor = poor people
the ‫الصفة التى تعبر عن فئة من الناس يليها اسم أو يسبقها‬
 look forward to + v-ing / noun - I’m looking forward to seeing my friends.
 do apologise )‫ صيغة تأكيد (أعتذر بشدة‬- I do apologise for that.

Look as a phrasal verb

look at ‫ ینظر إلى‬look into ‫یمعن النظر فى‬
look for ‫ یبحث عن شخص أو شئ مفقود‬look out ‫یحتـرس‬
look up ‫ یبحث عن معلومة فى كتاب‬look up to ‫یحترم‬
look after ‫ یعتنى بـ‬look forward to ‫یتطلع إلى‬
Choose the correct answer :
1- The man looked ............... surprised when a little boy threw a stone at his car.
a. quit b. quiet c. quietly d. quite
2- Going to school teaches children to ................. on well with other people.
a. keep b. get c. set d. let
3- It is often completely ................. in the desert at night. You can’t hear anything.
a. noise b. silent c. noisy d. loud
4- I don’t have much ......................... with nature .
a. connect b. communicate c. contact d. contract
5- If you don’t hurry, you will .......................... your train.
a. mess b. miss c. Miss d. lose
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6- ....................... cooking , my mother swept the floor.
a. In addition b. As well c. Beside d. In addition to
7- I get on ..................... with all my colleagues.
a. well b. will c. good d. nice
8- I'm really looking forward to ......................... in my new apartment.
a. setting b. settling c. sit d. sat
9- The gentleman looked ........................... surprised.
a.quit b. quiet c. quietness d. quite
10- The discovery of DNA was a major scientific …………………… .
a. attraction b. achievement c. engagement d. attachment
11- Thousands of applicants are …………………… for the same job.
a. communicating b. commenting c. cementing d. competing
12- ……………….. are in need of the society’s help.
a. Disabled b. The disabled c. Disable people d. Disability
13- Some old people have …………….…… with seeing in the dark.
a. dignity b. polygamy c. difficulty d. amazement
14- My grandma has ….… so much in her life. She’s a doctor and has 4 children.
a. deceived b. believed c. appreciated d. achieved
15- Mr. Taha spent most of his ………………… as a teacher.
a. carrier b. porter c. career d. spirit
16- I saw an interesting Chinese film about some ……….…… fighters.
a. Run b. Kung Fu c. Block d. King
17- We had to drive up a …………… before we drove onto the ship.
a. rape b. rapist c. ramp d. tripe
18- Hamid won a / an ……….…. for helping out with a lot of different charities.
a. reward b. award c. inward d. ward
19- Helen Keller lived a busy life before she died ………….... 87 in 1968.
a. age b. aged c. ages d. ageing
20- Winning three gold medals is a remarkable ……………… .
a. achievement b. failure c. loss d. disappointment
21- Kung Fu is a Chinese sport in which people ……..…… with feet and hands.
a. cooperate b. run c. jump d. fight
22- Mahmoud can't walk so he has to use a ………………. .
a. chair b. seat c. wheel d. wheelchair
23- Before the accident, Mahmoud had been a ……………… in Kung Fu.
a. crayon b. capital c. champion d. champagne
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24- A coach ………..……. players of a sport to do well at it.
a. treats b. trains c. transfers d. translates
25- ………..……., the man who won the race only has one leg.
a. Amazing b. Amazingly c. Amazed d. Amazement
26- We have to honour our great ………………… like Mahmoud Youssef.
a. athletics b. athletes c. athletic d. athletically
27- Ali wants to be able to …….…………… his own Olympic gold medal.
a. beat b. gain c. earn d. win
28- She has overcome her …………….. to become an artist.
a. disabledb. unable c. ability d. disability
29- Ramy Ashour ………………… in many international competitions.
a. completed b. competed c. complemented d. complimented
30- Mahmoud Youssef took part in many international …………….… .
a. completions b. complaints c. competitions d. compartments
31- Mohamed Salah has scored the third goal in this match. How …………….!
a. amaze b. amazement c. amazingly d. amazing
32- Our teacher gave an illustrated …………………. on Roman architecture.
a. talkative b. taking c. talk d. talks
33- You should help other people ………………. disabilities.
a. in b. by c. at d. with
34- She ……………. the admiration of many people in her battle against disability.
a. beat b. raced c. won d. gained
35- Mahmoud Youssef is a ……………. wheelchair tennis player.
a. tutor b. top c. career d. fight
36- The final match will take …………..…. in a neutral stadium.
a. part b. the place c. place d. occur
37- Technology can ……………..…… blind and deaf people's lives.
a. prove b. approve c. improve d. strove
38- He passed the exam ……………… its difficulty.
a. despite b. however c. though d. although
39- …………………., this blind man has achieved great success.
a. Credibleb. In credible c. Incredible d. Incredibly
40- Mona hopes to ………………… in the next Olympic Games.
a. take b. participate c. shake d. form
41- Taha has …………………. the English exam.
a. succeeded b. successful c. passed in d. passed
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42- Some people have difficulty …………………… in the dark.
a. see b. seeing c. to be seen d. seen
43- Charities help ……………… to lead a good life.
a. poor b. poverty c. the poor d. barren
44- She is an Egyptian Paralympic power ..…… athlete who won a bronze medal.
a. lifts b. lift c. lifter d. lifting
45- My neighbor had an illness …................... Polio when he was young.
a. calls b. was called c. called d. calling
46- My brother came …………….. in the running competition last week.
a. four b. fourth c. the four d. for
47- The disabled are unable to walk, so they use wheelchair to get ………… .
a. a round b. round c. around d. road
48- Tonight’s programme looks back at the main ………………. of the year.
a. happenings b. events c. accidents d. incidents
49- The website has a variety of interactive exercises …..…… matching games.
a. include b. including c. consist d. consisting
50- There are several ……………… disabled people.
a. success b. successful c. succeed d. successfully
51- Which of the ……..… achievements do you find the most important for him?
a. athlete’sb. athletes’ c. athletes d. athlete
52- I met a British …………… wheelchair racer who has won a medal.
a. Paralympic b. Paralympics c. Paralympian d. Parallel
53- Giving up smoking had a magical …………….……on your health.
a. affect b. effect c. affection d. effective
54- Not being able to sleep at night is a very common ……………….
a. complain b. complains c. complement d. complaint
55- ……………. calm and respond quietly.
a. Make b. Give c. Remain d. Do
56- I look ……………………. to hearing from you soon.
a. forward b. foretell c. forecast d. forbid
57- What will you do if the company is not ………….. for you?
a. suit b. match c. suits d. suitable
58- They decided …………………… a sport to keep fit.
a. practice b. practicing c. to practice d. to be practiced
59- She did not start ………………. lifting until she was 30.
a. energy b. power c. powerful d. powered
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60- A charity helps people .…... personally or from the media.
a. neither b. other c. weather d. either
61- The ………………. of something refer to successful and un successful times.
a. activist b. campaignc. ramp d. highs or lows
62- The best part of being a charity …………. is the possibility of improving things.
a. active b. activate c. activity d. activist
63- Do you think that working for a charity is a ……………of time?
a. waist b. wastes c. wasteful d. waste
64- Working for charities can really ……………. a difference in your life.
a. get b. give c. do d. make
65- My father is a ……………………. that all people like.
a. celebration b. famous c. popular d. celebrity
66- The government didn't have the ……...………. to enforce the law.
a. experts b. problem c. muscle d. lift
67- Kyle ………………… the door open.
a. muscledb. tossed c. threw d. blocked
68- Amanda was ……………. a T-shirt with the slogan "I'm with Stupid!"
a. sporting b. ironing c. burning d. chewing
69- Would you be a ………………… and lend me some money?
a. sport b. fort c. court d. port
70- My mother used to get really ……………….. with me when I misbehaved.
a. heavy b. navy c. save d. tyranny
71- The good news was a real ………………….. .
a. lift b. fist c. bliss d. blest
72- Women were …………………… for the right to vote.
a. campaigning b. skipping c. blaming d. flourishing
73- The company hopes to boost sales by ……………. up its advertising.
a. ramping b. reducing c. deducing d. inducing
74- He finally met his ………………. in the tough tennis match.
a. compete b. handsome c. friend d. equal
75- Which portion would you like: the small, the ………………. or the large?
a. medium b. middle c. score d. core
76- They made new ……………….. on the road to prevent accidents.
a. pumps b. ramps c. rocks d. rockets
77- I searched ………………. for my glasses but couldn't find them.
a. high and down b. high and low c. high and back d. high and front
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78- The company is …………….. a campaign to promote their new product.
a. commenting b. cultivating c. conducting d. contending
79- Children from poor families are more likely to ………… at school.
a. under b. underachieve c. under below d. beneath
80- Winning the gold medal was the …………. achievement of her long career.
a. corn b. crone c. cunning d. crowning
Language Focus
Relative Clauses ‫عبارات الوصل‬
:‫يستخدم ضمير الوصل لربط جملتين و يحل محل اسم أو ضمير مكرر في الجملة الثانية‬
 who / that : ‫تحل محل فاعل أو مفعول عاقل و يأتى بعدها فاعل أو فعل‬
 ‫اسم موصول عاقل‬ + who / that + ......... ‫ فعل‬/ ‫فاعل‬
The woman who / that was injured in the accident is in hospital.
The boy who / that I wanted to talk to was not at home.
 whom : ‫تحل محل مفعول عاقل و يأتى بعدها فاعل ثم فعل‬
 ‫اسم موصول عاقل‬ + who / whom / that + ......... ‫فاعل‬
The boy whom / who / that I wanted to talk to was not at home.
 which / that : ‫تحل محل فاعل أو مفعول غير عاقل و يأتى بعدها فاعل أو فعل‬
 ‫ اسم موصول غير عاقل‬+ which / that + ......... ‫ فعل‬/ ‫فاعل‬
Hala works for a company which / that manufactures computers.
The shoes which / that Nadia bought don’t fit very well.
 whose :‫' أو صفات الملكية و يأتى بعدها أسم مملوك‬s‫تستخدم للملكية وتحل محل اسم‬
 ‫ غير عاقل‬/ ‫ اسم موصول عاقل‬+ whose + ......... ‫أسم مملوك‬
We met a lady whose daughter has just got married.
 where (there / ‫تحل محل ظرف مكان (جار و مجرور‬
 ‫ مكان‬+ where + ..... ‫جملة تصف ما يحدث فى المكان و بدون حرف الجر‬
This is the school which I learned in. = This is the school where I learned.
 when (there / ‫تحل محل ظرف زمان (جار و مجرور‬
 ‫ زمان‬+ when + ..... ‫جملة تصف ما يحدث فى الزمان و بدون حرف الجر‬
June is the month when / in which I go on holiday.
: ‫مالحظات‬
‫ و لكن ال تستخدم مع أسم العلم أو بعد‬who / whom / which ‫ محل‬that ‫ تحل‬-1
: Comma ),( ‫حروف الجر أو بعد الـ‬
105
- Mr Wong, who has just arrived in Egypt, is the chief buyer for a Chinese company.
- The company, which is in Beijing, employs 1,000 people.
‫ أو‬that ‫ فقط بعد صفات التفضيل لإلشارة إلي غير العاقل و استخدام‬that ‫ الحظ استخدام‬-2
: ‫ لالشارة الى العاقل‬who
- This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
- He was the best player that / who ever played football.
: all / much / little / the thing / any / some / the only ‫ فقط بعد‬that ‫ تستخدم‬-3
- That was all that he had said. = That was what he had said.
: )‫ أيضا‬verb to be ‫ الوصل في الحاالت اآلتية (مع ضرورة حذف‬f‫ يمكن حذف ضمير‬-4
: ‫ إذا كان بعده مبنى للمجهول‬-
- The man who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
: v.+ ing ‫ للفعل‬f‫ إذا كان بعده مبنى للمعلوم و نضيف‬-
- Students who arrived late missed the start of the experiment.
Students arriving late missed the start of the experiment.
: )‫ إذا كان بعده جار و مجرور (حرف جر واسم‬-
- The boy who is in the library wants to borrow some books.
The boy in the library wants to borrow some books.
: ‫ إذا كان بعده اسم أو صفة بعدها اسم‬-
- Dr Magdy Yacoub who is a famous heart surgeon was interviewed on TV.
Dr Magdy Yacoub, a famous heart surgeon, was interviewed on TV.
: whom / which‫ ال يسبقهما حرف جر ولكن يسبق‬that / who‫ الحظ أن‬-5
- The train by which I came arrived late. - The train that I came by arrived late.
: ‫ لتشير إلي جملة كاملة قبلها‬which ‫ الحظ استخدام‬-6
- He got very bad marks in the test, which made his parents very sad.
- One of the boys kept laughing, which annoyed the teacher very much.
: which ‫ ولكن كيف نختار حرف الجر قبل‬-7
.‫نفترض ان االسم الموصول فى آخر الجملة الثانية كمفعول ونحدد حرف الجر الذى يحتاجه‬
: f‫ تستخدم مع المكان أو الزمان فى الحاالت اآلتية‬which ‫ الحظ ان‬-8
. ‫ اذا كان هناك حرف جر قبل النقط‬-1
. ‫ اذا كان هناك فعل بعد النقط مباشرة‬-2
. ‫ اذا كان هناك حرف جر مكان أو زمان فى الجملة التى بعد النقط‬-3
. ‫ اذا وصفت الجملة الثانية المكان او ما يحدث له‬-4
106
Choose the correct answer :
1. Jules Verne, ……………… was French, was born in 1828.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
2. His father, …………………. was a lawyer, paid for his studies.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
3. The man ……………….. paid for his studies was his father.
a) which b) that c) where d) when
4. The novel ………… came out in 1873 was Around the World in Eighty Days.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
5. Charles Dickens,………… was a famous English writer, was born in 1812.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
6. The American ……... wrote The Old Man and the Sea, was Ernest Hemingway.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
7. The book about Dickens,…………….. my friend gave me, is very interesting.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
8. William Shakespeare,………..…… wrote King Lear, was English.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
9. Last year, I visited Alexandria, the city…………. Gamal Abdel Nasser was born.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
10.Daniel Defoe ,……… wrote Robinson Crusoe , was a father of seven children.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
11.I am still trying to find the homework ………… I did last night.
a) who b) that c) where d) when
12.The father, ……….. car was stolen, stopped paying for his son's studies.
a) who b) which c) whose d) when
13.A good writer is someone ………..….. amuses us.
a) that b) which c) where d) when
14.One of my friends, …………..….. is called Samy, is intelligent.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
15.Dickens was the writer ……..………. novel is called “Oliver Twist”.
a) whose b) which c) where d) when
16.Someone ………………. I enjoy listening to is my grandfather.
a) that b) which c) where d) when
17.If I help you, will you lend me the DVD …………….… you bought last week?
a) who b) which c) where d) when
18.The sunglasses ………….... I bought last week were not expensive.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
19.What is the name of the writer ……..…… wrote the old man and the sea.
107
 a) who b) which c) where d) when
20.My father is the only person in our family ………..… can speak two languages.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
21.Jules Verne was born in Nantes, ……………… is in the north of France.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
22.The new airport ………..…. they're building now will open in three years.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
23.A butcher’s is a place ………….…… we buy meat.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
24.A butcher’s is a place ………….…… sells meat.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
25.Last year, I visited Alexandria, the city ………..…. My grandmother was born.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
26.The Lord of the rings, ………..…… I read five times, is my favourite book.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
27.Where are the new CDs………….…… you bought yesterday.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
28.The man……… I met for lunch yesterday was an old school friend.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
29.The café,……….… I'm meeting you on Wednesday, is in the city centre.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
30.A camel is an animal ……………… has adapted to living in the desert.
a) whom b) which c) where d) when
31.A dictionary is a book………..………gives the meanings of the words.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
32.A kitchen is a room………………….……we cook our food.
a) whose b) which c) where d) when
33.A kitchen is a room in ………………..…we cook our food.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
34.A mechanic is someone……………..…fixes cars.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
35.Tennis is a sport………………….…is played using rackets.
a) who b) that c) where d) whom
36.A passenger is a person……………… travels from one place to another.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
37.After seven days, they arrived in Suez ,………….… they meet Fix.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
38.Fix thought Fog was the criminal …………… he was looking for.
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 a) who b) which c) where d) when
39.September is the month …………… school starts.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
40.I met a scientist ………….……… discoveries are so many.
a) whose b) which c) who d) when
41. This is the engineer ………………… designs are so wounderful.
a) who b) which c) whose d) whom
42. The man ………….….. has a black suit is waiting for you.
a) who b) which c) whose d) whom
43. My brother went to Alexandria university, ………….. he studied architecture.
a) when b) which c) that d) where
44. I played a game of tennis with my brother, ……….…….. made me very tired.
a) when b) which c) for which d) that
45. He made some mistakes ………………… he should apologize.
a) to which b) to which c) with which d) on which
46. My friend has bought a new T- shirt ………………….. of cotton.
a) making b) which made c) was made d) made
47. The girl ……………… flowers is beautiful.
a) selling b) that sold c) who sold d) sold
48. I don’t know the man ………………… next to me well.
a) who b) who has c) who is d) whom
49. Where can I find a book ……………….. about global warming.
a) tells b) telling c) which tell d) told
50. She had travelled to many countries, …………….. was so fantastic.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
51. He made a voyage of exploration ………………… was in South America.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
52. “Around the World” …………… came out in 1873, is his most famous novel.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
53. The most well-known book ……………. he wrote was “Around the World”.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
54. Egypt, ………….. is in Africa, is very rich.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
55. They've built a new school next to the house………..I grew up.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
56. My uncle, ………………. is a writer, lives in Cairo.
a) who b) which c) where d) when
57. I spent three hours studying the files ……………… me.
109
 a) which sent to b) which you sent them c) sent to d) you sent them
58. Do you have an idea …………….…. Adel has left the front door key?
a) who b) which c) where d) what
59. We know a lot of people ………………. lives are miserable.
a) who b) which c) where d) whose
60. I scored a goal in yesterday’s match, ……………….. made my day.
a) who b) which c) where d) when

Exercises On Unit 11.

2- Supply the missing words in the following passage :
1. After seven days, we reached Suez 1)….…….…. we met a man 2)……..………
name was Fix. Fix was a policeman 3)………….…… thought that my friend
Adel was the criminal he was looking 4)………….…… . He followed us to Port
Said 5)………………. we were going to meet our friends 6)………..…. had
come from Cairo.
2. Last summer vacation, we went to Vancouver 1)…………… I have some old
friends 2)………… I haven't seen 3)……………. about three years. My friend
Tim, 4)……..……. mother is a doctor, came with me and we 5)……………. a
great time. I would 6) ……………. forget that vacation.
3. We went out on Monday, 1)…………… was my birthday. The first thing we
visited 2)…….…… the wonderful aquarium in the city center 3)…………….
there are three killer whales and a crowd 4)…………. dolphins. We arrived in
the late afternoon 5)………… all the animals were fed so it was wonderful to
see the dolphins 6)……………. were out of the water to get the fish.
4. In the neighborhood 1)………..….. I live, there are many interesting characters.
Mr. Krishnan, 2)……………. lives on the fifth floor, is 3)…………… of them. Mr.
Krishnan, 4)……….……… office is far from his home, walks everday to work to
5)…………….. fit. My father, to 6)…………… Mr. Krishnan is close, admires
his friend's lifestyle.
5- I was shopping with my mother 1)…………… we saw a bag lying at the foot of
the stairs. We did not pay any attention to it until we hear cries coming 2)
……….….…. it. We wondered 3)………..……. was in it. We went closer and
took a look. It was a baby ! "4)…………… baby is this ?" my mother asked. "5)
…………… could have done such a horrible thing ?" I 6)…………… .
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions :

110
 Bats are wild animals. They are the only mammals that are able to fly. Bats
can be found almost anywhere in the whole world except in very cold or very hot
countries. They are mostly found in tropical countries. Although we normally think
of bats as animals that live in caves, they actually prefer trees as their home. In
order not to be seen, they use their skin as camouflage. This helps them to make
homes under bark of trees. They like caves too, as they find them a suitably dark
place to sleep in during the day. Bats are nocturnal animals. This means that they
rest by day and hunt at night. Most bats have very good eyesight and a keen
sense of smell. A bat can see better in the dark than most of us do! A bat's diet
includes fruits, nectar, meat from small animals like frogs and fish as well as
insects. Their feeding habits actually help plants and trees to reproduce. The
seeds from the fruits they eat are dropped onto the ground, which in turn grow
into new plants. Bats are therefore quite useful animals.
A- Choose the correct answer:
1- Bats feed / live on …………………… .
a) nectar b) insects c) small animals d) all of them
2- The word 'nocturnal' means …………. animals.
a) day b) morning c) night d) afternoon
3- Except for bats, mammals ……………….. .
a) can't bear b) can't fly c) can't eat d) can't sleep
4- The underlined word “they” refers to …………………… .
a) bats b) insects c) caves d) homes
B- Answer the following questions:
5- What do bats do in order not to be seen?
6- What do you think people can learn from bats?
7- Do you think that bats are useful animals? How / Why not?
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia. She was healthy
till the age of nineteen months when she developed a brain fever. The fever left
her unable to hear, see or speak. Her father was a newspaper editor and was
determined to find help for his child. He contacted Dr. Alexander Graham Bell to
assist him. Dr. Bell found Michael Anagnos, the director of the Perkins Institution
for the blind in Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Anagnos sent one of his best
students, Annie Sullivan to help with Helen.
The students at the Perkins Institution made a doll for Annie Sullivan to
give Helen. Ms. Sullivan began using the doll to spell the word doll in Helen’s
111
hand. Helen learned quickly to make the letters. Helen learned many words and
soon wanted to learn to speak. Miss Sarah Fuller of the Horace Mann School
was her first speech teacher. Helen learned to use Braille or raised print for
reading and soon wanted to go on to college. Helen graduated from Radcliffe
College with honors in 1904. Annie Sullivan spelled books and lectures in Helen’s
hand all through college.
Helen Keller spent the rest of her life trying to make it easier for disabled
people to learn. She fought for women’s rights, equality for minorities and
worker’s rights. She won many awards for her work for the blind. Helen Keller
died on June 1, 1968. She will be remembered by the world as a champion and
hero of the blind and disabled people.
A. Choose the correct answer:
1- The first word Helen learned to spell was ………………………….
a) eat b) help c) stop d) doll
2- Miss Sarah Fuller taught Helen Keller how to ……………..……..
a) read b) speak c) see d) walk
3- Who came to help Helen from the Perkins Institution?
a) Captain Keller b) Mr. Anagnos c) Annie Sullivan d) all of these
4- What caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind?
a) cancer b) brain fever c) diabetes d) brain tumour
B. Answer the following questions:
5- How did Helen Keller read?
6- What do you think we can do to help blind people?
7- Do you think disabled people can achieve remarkable things? Give 2 examples.
4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:
a) Paralympic Games b) Sport and its role in our life
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1- Individuals differ in their ability to understand complex ideas and to adapt
effectively to the environment. So, they must be taught in different ways.
2- If it were possible to increase our intelligence, we would have operations to
enhance it. However, this can cause different problems.
3- Love of money urges some people to commit crimes such as theft, violence,
forgery and murder. Money is said to be the root of all evil.
4- Bad habits such as smoking, addiction and overeating have bad effects on
health, wealth and manners. So, we should try not to get into them.
112
‫‪b- Translate into English:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ال شك أن المس@@ابقات الرياض@@ية الدولية تس@@اعد على تق@@ارب الش@@عوب وإش@@اعة ثقافة التس@@امح‬
‫والتفاهم مما يؤدى الى نبذ الكراهية والعنف‪@.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬للرياضة أثر كبير فى محاربة المشكالت المجتمعية المختلفة مثل العنف والجريمة‪ ،‬كما يمكنها‬
‫تعزيز المبادئ األساسية لشخصية األطفال ومواقفهم تجاه اآلخرين‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬يق@@@ول خ@@@براء األقتص@@@اد أن ج@@@ذب األس@@@تثمارات األجنبية هو أحد أهم الحل@@@ول للمش@@@كالت‬
‫األقتصادية التى تعانى منها مصر والكثير من الدول العربية‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬بينما يسود التعصب أكثر دول العالم‪ ،‬تضرب مصر مثاالً فريداً للتسامح بين األديان من خالل‬
‫التعايش بين المسلمين والمسيحيين الذى يرجع لمئات السنين‪.‬‬

‫‪Unit 12 : Hard Work.‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary.‬‬
‫‪disappear‬‬ ‫يختفى ‪ /‬يتالشى‬ ‫‪characters‬‬ ‫شخصيات‬
‫‪guilt / guilty‬‬ ‫ذنب ‪ /‬مذنب‬ ‫‪customer / husband‬‬ ‫زبون ‪ /‬زوج‬
‫‪mystery‬‬ ‫سر غامض ‪ /‬لغز‬ ‫‪empty bag‬‬ ‫حقيبة فارغة‬
‫‪mysterious‬‬ ‫غامض ‪ /‬سرى ‪ /‬مبهم‬ ‫)‪hide (from‬‬ ‫يختفى ‪ /‬يُخبئ من‬
‫‪mystery stories‬‬ ‫قصص غموض‬ ‫‪local people‬‬ ‫السكان المحليين‬
‫‪solve / pace‬‬ ‫يحل ‪ /‬وتيرة األحداث‬ ‫‪cottage / call‬‬ ‫كوخ ‪ /‬مكالمة‬
‫‪weave / weaver‬‬ ‫ينسج ‪ /‬نساج ‪ -‬حائك‬ ‫‪unpleasant‬‬ ‫غير سار ‪ /‬بغيض ‪ /‬بشع‬
‫‪engaged‬‬ ‫خاطب ‪ /‬مخطوبة‬ ‫‪warehouse‬‬ ‫مستودع ‪ /‬مخزن‬
‫‪plot‬‬ ‫الحبكة الفنية (الحكاية)‬ ‫‪abandon / share‬‬ ‫يهجر ‪ /‬يشارك‬
‫‪theme‬‬ ‫الموضوع (الفكرة الرئيسية)‬ ‫‪equally / operate‬‬ ‫متساو ‪ /‬يشغل‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫بشكل‬
‫‪then / village‬‬ ‫حيئ ٍذ ‪ -‬آنذاك ‪ /‬قرية‬ ‫‪ordinary / machinery‬‬ ‫عادى ‪ /‬آالت‬
‫‪recommend‬‬ ‫يوصى بـ ‪ /‬يرشح‬ ‫‪maual labour‬‬ ‫العمل اليدوى‬
‫‪113‬‬
adopt / check ‫ يراجع‬- ‫ يتأكد‬/ ‫يتبنى‬ police officer ‫ضابط شرطة‬
close / ensure ‫ يضمن‬/ ‫قريب‬ countryside ‫ سكان الريف‬/ ‫الريف‬
stones ‫ احجار‬/ ‫حصى‬ quite pale )‫شاحب جدا (الى حد كبير‬
efficiently / trust ‫ يثق‬- ‫ ثقة‬/ ‫بكفاءة‬ special skill ‫مهارة خاصة‬
a bear / favourite ‫ مفضل‬/ ‫ُدب‬ Be buried ‫ يتم دفنه‬/ ‫مدفون‬
funny book ‫كتاب مُسلى‬ pharaohs ‫الفراعنة‬
traditional parts ‫أجزاء تقليدية‬ lie / carpet ‫ سجادة‬/ ‫ يوجد‬- ‫يقع‬
the modern world ‫العالم الحديث‬ archaeologists ‫علماء آثار‬
artificial intelligence ‫الذكاء الصناعى‬ twist / wool ‫ صوف‬/ ‫ يلف‬- ‫يلوى‬
working conditions ‫ظروف العمل‬ fisherman / crazy ‫ مجنون‬/ ‫صياد‬
distant shape ‫شكل بعيد‬ Egyptian legend ‫اسطورة مصرية‬
deep lake ‫بحيرة عميقة‬ lonely lives ‫حياة مليئة بالوحدة‬
strange animal ‫حيوان غريب‬ surprises / actions ‫ أفعال‬/ ‫مفاجآت‬
monster / coast ‫ ساحل‬/ ‫وحش‬ a small girl ‫فتاة صغيرة‬
pirate / unusual ‫ غير معتاد‬/ ‫قرصان‬ cold / hungry ‫ جوعان‬/ ‫بردان‬
somewhere ‫فى مكان ما‬ fireplace ‫ موقد‬/ ‫مدفأة‬
early years ‫السنوات األولى‬ respect ‫ احترام‬/ ‫يحترم‬
own problem ‫مشكلة خاصة‬ relationship ‫ نسب‬/ ‫ قرابة‬/ ‫ صلة‬/ ‫عالقة‬
go back / publish ‫ ينشر‬/ ‫يعود‬ feel like ‫يشعر كأنه‬
look pale and thin ً ‫يبدو شاحبا ً ونحيفا‬ rather than ‫بدالً من‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions.

take care of ‫ يهتم بـ‬look after ‫يعتنى بـ‬
care about / for ‫ يهتم بـ‬on a farm ‫فى مزرعة‬
full off = filled with ‫ ملئ بـ‬Be guilty of ‫مذنب بـ‬
join in ‫ يشارك‬/ ‫ يتحد‬Be engaged to ‫مخطوبة لـ‬
move to ‫ ينتقل الى‬Be engaged in ‫ مشارك فى‬/ ‫منغمس‬
angry with ‫ غضبان من‬Be married to ‫ من‬/ ‫متزوج لـ‬
happy with ‫ مسرور من‬Be sorry about ‫آسف بشأن‬
forget about ‫ ينسى ما يتعلق بـ‬feel sorry for ‫يشعر بالحزن ألجل‬
belong to ‫ ينتمى لـ‬/ ‫ يخص‬ask … for money @... ‫يطلب مال من‬
compared to ‫ مقارنة بـ‬run away from ‫ يفلت من‬/ ‫ يهرب‬/ ‫يفر‬
go wrong ‫ تسير األمور بشكل خاطئ‬work with machines ‫يتعامل مع اآلالت‬
across the country ‫ فى كل انحاء الدولة‬different to (from) ‫مختلف عن‬
new to the village ‫ جديد على القرية‬friendly to ‫ ودود مع‬/ ‫صدوق‬
114
for a holiday ‫ أجازة‬/ ‫لقضاء عطلة‬ the gold was gone ‫لقد ُأخذ الذهب‬
a bag of money ‫كيس نقود‬ recommend ‫ شئ‬to ‫@ فالن‬... ‫ لـ‬... ‫يرشح‬
live alone ‫يعيش وحده‬ 15 years earlier ً ‫ عاما‬15 ‫قبل‬
as much … as he can ‫على قدر اإلمكان‬ get ‫ شخص‬some water ‫يُحضر بعض الماء‬

Collocations‫ز‬
make cloth ‫يُصنع قماش‬ lose money ‫يفقد مال‬
make notes ‫يدون مالحظات‬ earn money ‫يكسب مال‬
do a puzzle ‫ فزورة‬/ ‫يحل لغز‬ get money ‫يحصل على مال‬
do practice ‫ يؤدى تمرين‬/ ‫يتمرن‬ have money ‫لديه مال‬
have a job )‫لديه وظيفة (موظف‬ take the money ‫يأخذ النقود‬
have an accident ‫يعمل حادث سير‬ spend time ‫يقضى وقت‬
solve a crime ‫يجد حل لجريمة‬ steal the gold ‫يسرق الذهب‬
explain a mystery ‫يفسر سر غامض‬ compare ideas ‫يقارن األفكار‬
tell a story ‫ حكاية‬/ ‫يحكى قصة‬ wear a coat ً ‫يرتدى معطفا‬
find happiness ‫يجد السعادة‬ finish reading ‫ينتهى من القراءة‬
bring … back @..... ‫يُعيد‬ adopt a girl ‫يتبنى فتاة‬
feel confused ‫ الحيرة‬/ ‫يشعر باالرتباك‬ break a rule ‫يخالف قاعدة‬
get a good grade ‫يحصل على درجة جيدة‬ win first place ‫يفوز بالمركز األول‬

Synonyms & Antonyms.

Word Synonym Antonym
disappear vanish / die (out) appear / survive
abandoned deserted / empty occupied / inhibited
mystery secrecy / ambiguity certainty / assurance / trust
earlier former / previous / prior later / subsequent / afterward
guilty responsible / convicted innocent / righteous / virtuous
prove confirm / test / determine disprove / confuse / refute
recommend advise / suggest / advocate warn / oppose / reject
full complete / satiated empty / partial / short
married wedded / spliced single
hide cover / protect / withhold reveal / confess / unveil
engage employ / occupy / draw withdraw / ignore / release
solve answer / explain complicate / confuse / miss
115
pleasant charming / acceptable unpleasant / offensive / awful
confused puzzled / distracted clear / organized / enlightened

Derivatives.
Verb Noun Adjective
confuse confusion confused / confusing
solve solution solved / solvable
publish publication published / publishable
weave weaving woven
engage engagement engaged / engaging
respect respect / respectable (s) respected / -able / -ful
adopt adoption adopted / -ive / -able
bury burial / burying buried
enjoy enjoyment enjoyable
waste waste / wastefulness wasteful / wasted / wasting
surprise surprise / surprisal surprise / -ed / -ing
steal stealing / stealth / stole stolen
recommend recommendation recommended
abandon abandonment abandoned

Spot The Difference.

country countryside
ordinary usual
instead instead of
move remove
realise recognise
adopt adapt
society community
special private
cloth a cloth
gold golden
local national
relation relationship
event incident

116
 sick ill
stay with stay in / at
as like

Read the following carefully.

.Listening :.
Woman: Hello, husband! Come and sit down, and I will get you some water.
Man : Look! It’s eight o’clock at night and Silas Marner is still working!
Woman: He must have got another new customer.
Man : Yes, that must be why he’s working so late. I don’t understand why he
always works so much.
Woman: He might have lost a lot of money while he was living in the north.
Man : But all his customers are so happy with the things he makes. He can’t
have lost money. I’ve heard that he could stop working now if he
wanted to — he’s got bags and bags full of gold coins.
Woman: Really? I just don’t really like weavers. I think weaving is a very strange
job to have. Why can’t he work as a farmer or a fisherman instead of
working with these crazy new machines?
Man : I know what you mean. What is happening to the world today? Soon
there won’t be any jobs for people like us who don’t want anything to do
with these machines.
Books’ Reviews
Boy: This book is about people living on a farm near a small village in the
mountains. The theme is how life in a village is changing in the modern
world. The pace is very slow and it is quite sad because many traditional
parts of their life will never be the same again. But it is beautiful to read and
I enjoyed it.
Girl: This book is very funny! It is about a family who drive across the country for
a holiday. They have to return their car to the airport before the end of the
day. The plot is full of things that go wrong! The car is stopped by a bear,
and they meet a lot of strange people. My favourite character is a police
officer who is not very good at his job! I laughed a lot and would
recommend this book.
.Reading :.

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 Silas Marner Silas Marner is a weaver who lives in the village of Raveloe in
England. The other people in the village aren’t very friendly to Silas because he’s
new to the village and he lives alone.
Fifteen years earlier, Silas had been engaged to be married to a girl called
Sarah. One day, while Silas was taking care of a friend who was sick, a bag of
money disappeared from under the friend’s bed.
A man called William Dane finds the empty bag and Silas’s friends decide
that he is guilty of stealing the money. Later, William marries Sarah instead, and
Silas decides to move to the village of Raveloe. The only thing he cares about is
his work as a weaver. All Silas wants to do is work as hard as he can to earn as
much money as he can. The richest man in Raveloe, Squire Cass, has two sons:
Dunstan and Godfrey. The two sons have their own problems which they hide
from their father and they always want to have more money.
One night, a bag of gold is stolen from Silas’s house and the whole village
joins in to look for it. The local people feel sorry for him and are more friendly to
him. Silas is angry and wants to solve the mystery.
One evening, Silas returns to his cottage and finds a small girl sleeping
near the fireplace. The girl is cold and hungry. Silas thinks something must have
happened to her parents. They might have had an accident. He decides to look
after her. He calls her Eppie. The other people in the village are surprised, but
they think that Silas can’t be a bad person because he wants to look after the girl.
They also help him. Silas is now happier. He realises that his new daughter is
more important to him than gold. When Eppie is eighteen, Silas’s gold is found
and returned to him.
It was Dunstan who took the money all those years ago because he did not
want to ask his father for money. Godfrey is sorry about what his brother did and
thinks Silas must be angry with him. He and his wife offer to look after Eppie.
However, Eppie wants to stay with Silas.
Silas decides to return to his old village with Eppie. He wants to prove that
he wasn’t guilty of stealing all those years earlier. When he arrives, he finds that
everything has changed and he can’t find anyone that he used to know. Silas
feels that he can now forget about this unpleasant part of his history and he
returns happily to Raveloe.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Which reader liked the book more?
Ismail : I had to read Silas Marner when I was at school and I didn’t enjoy it very
much then. However, I’ve just finished reading it again and I liked it a lot
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 more. It’s a long book, although it isn’t as long as Eliot’s other books. The
pace was quite fast and the plot is full of surprises. I couldn’t stop reading
because I really wanted to know what was going to happen to these
wonderful characters. I would recommend this book to anyone who enjoys
mystery stories.
Nadia : This is a very interesting story of a sad and lonely man who finds
happiness when he adopts a girl. It isn’t a page-turner, but I liked the way
Eliot used the theme of community. She shows us how some people, like
Silas, can feel like they don’t belong to their community but events can
bring them back into it. However, I think the novel is too long. The story of
Silas Marner might have worked better as a short story rather than a novel.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
What happened to the gold?
Last week, three people, John, Jake and Jane, found gold in an
abandoned warehouse. They agreed to share it equally. Jane found some boxes
and put all the gold in one. John checked to see if anyone else was close. John
and Jake took it to a house to divide it. Jane went to ensure they had bags for the
gold. When she arrived, she opened the box, but it was full of stones and all the
gold was gone. What happened to the gold?
Work-book Texts
Weavers in the countryside
The story of Silas Marner begins in the English countryside in the early
years of the nineteenth century. There were only a few weavers in the
countryside, and they usually looked pale and thin compared to the people who
worked in the fields. These people didn’t trust anyone who was clever and they
didn’t like anyone who had seen the world outside their small village. Weavers
had a special skill and they usually came from large towns, so they often lived
lonely lives.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Three Famous Mysteries
1. Cleopatra VII died in around 30 BCE. The famous writer, Plutarch, described
the beautiful place where she was buried. However, although archaeologists
have found much older pharaohs, nobody knows where Cleopatra lies today.
In 2010, a famous archaeologist called Zahi Hawass found many things from

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 Cleopatra’s time at Taposiris Magna, near Alexandria, but he did not find
Cleopatra.
2. Oak Island is on the east coast of Canada. People believe that a pirate called
Captain William Kidd stole some treasure and buried it on the island in the
seventeenth century. He wanted to go back to the island to get his treasure,
but he never returned. Since that time, hundreds of people have tried to find
the treasure, without success.
3. Loch Ness is a very deep lake in the north of Scotland. Since the seventh
century, people have seen a large, strange animal that lives in the deep water
of the lake. They call it the Loch Ness Monster. Some people have even taken
photos of a distant shape that could be the monster. However, scientists have
studied the lake and they have not found anything unusual. But people still
believe that something lives in the lake.
Video Script
One hundred and sixty years ago, hard work would have looked very
different for an ordinary person. Manual labour could be very difficult; the
machinery was often heavy and dangerous to operate, and working conditions
were not good.
Today, hard work can look very different. We are able to work more
efficiently with the help of modern machinery and technology.
Modern workplaces are even using Artificial Intelligence, so that computers
can do much more work for us. The workplace is changing, and technology will
continue to be part of the workplace of the future. The question is: are we still
working hard or are computers doing all the work for us?

Definitions.
character One of the people in a story.
disappear to become impossible to find.
guilty a person who did something bad.
mystery something unknown.
solve to find the answer.
engaged to be in a relationship to get married.
weaver a person who makes cloth.
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 pace how fast the story moves.
page-turner a book which is very exciting.
plot the story of a book.
theme the idea or moral in the story.

Language Notes.
 hard (adj.) )‫ نشيط‬/ ‫ صلب‬/ ‫كصفــة (صعب‬ - Iron is a hard material.
- There were a lot of hard questions in the exam. - He is a hard student.
. hard (adv ( )‫باجتھاد (تأتى بعد الفعل لوصفه‬.He studied hard -
 hardly (adv.) = almost no ) ‫ تقریبا ( تدل على النفى‬/ ‫بالكاد‬
ever / any‫ أو یلیھا‬can / could‫تأتى قبل الفعل األساسى و غالبا یسبقھا‬
- I could hardly hear her at the back. - We hardly ever go to concerts.

 steal ‫ يسرق بدون مفعول‬/ ‫ یسـرق شـئ‬- The thief stole my money.
 rob ‫ من شخص‬/ ‫ یسـرق من مكـان‬- A gang robbed the bank yesterday.
 rob …. of ….. ‫ یجرد شخص من شئ‬- They robbed him of his money.

 other than = except for ‫ما عدا‬

- The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
 rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫بدال من ـ مفضال شيء علي آخر‬
- I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
 otherwise = or ‫ تستخدم فى التهديد والتحذير‬- ‫وإال‬
- You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.

 alone )‫ بمفرده (دون مساعدة من أحد‬- He carried the stone alone.

 lonely )ً ‫ وحیدا ( یشعـر بالوحـدة ) (معنـويا‬- Despite his friends, he feels lonely.

 sleep )‫ینام (فعل‬ - I always sleep at 12 at night.

 sleepy ‫منعوس‬ - While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy.
 asleep )‫نائم (صفة‬ - The baby is asleep.
 fall asleep ‫یغلبه النوم‬ - While I was watching the film, I fell asleep.
 fast asleep ‫مستغرق فى النوم‬ - He is fast asleep, He doesn't move.
 sleeping ‫صفة لغیر العاقل‬ - The train has sleeping rooms / carriages.

 all the village = the whole village ‫كل القرية‬

 as much / hard as I can ‫على قدر المستطاع‬
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  start / begin + v-ing – to + inf. ‫يبدأ‬
 Obj. + am / is / are + p.p ‫مضارع بسيط مبنى للمجهول‬
- Silas’s gold is found and returned to him.

Work as a phrasal verb

work on ‫ یصنـع أو یصلـح أو یحسـن الشـئ‬work up ‫یحسـن أو یطـور أو ینمـى‬
work on ‫ یحاول أن یقنـع الشخـص‬work ( himself ) up ‫یتضـایق أو یغضـب‬
work in / into ‫ یمـزج‬work for ‫یعمـل لحسـاب‬
work out ‫ یتدرب بانتظـام‬- ‫ یحسـب‬- ‫ یحل‬work in someone's ‫ یفیـد‬- ‫یعمـل لصالح‬
Choose the correct answer :
1. The book's ……………….. is the conflict between love and duty.
a. owner b. theme c. buyer d. page
2. The …….....…… was so complicated that I was totally confused by the time I
was two chapters in.
a. happiness b. evil c. offer d. plot
3. There are obvious benefits in allowing each student to go at his own ………… .
a. property b. mind c. pace d. care
4. Ahmed was a/an …………………in the linen factory of his uncle.
a. imitator b. weaver c. inventor d. server
5. You'll be glad to hear that Hani and I are ……….………. to be married.
a. engaged b. linked c. hacked d. connected
6. At last astronomers have …………….… the mystery of the rings encircling the
planet Saturn.
a. mended b. solved c. repaired d. clued
7. No one has ever been able to explain the ………….. of the Bermuda Triangle.
a. secretive b. mysterious c. mystery d. secretly
8. I felt so ………, do you see, yet I felt so angry with myself for feeling that way.
a. delighted b. surprised c. guilty d. glad
9. Drugs won't make the pain ……………… altogether, but they will help.
a. appear b. disappear c. appearance d. disappearance
10. “I've had a remarkable life”,' says the author who has ……….……. 35 books.
a. discovered b. publishedc. found d. activated
11. ……………… between people of different cultures are often extremely difficult.
a. Contents b. Connectors c. Relationships d. Ropes
12. We must put more money into the sport if we want to create the tennis
……………………of the future.
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 a. beasts b. legends c. boastful d. flourish
13. We ………………… the pizza into three and had a slice each.
a. distributed b. separated c. differentiate d. divided
14. "He's only fourteen." "I know, but I think we can …………. him to look after the
baby for an hour."
a. hate b. trust c. haste d. blame
15. The university should provide more facilities ……………….. disabled students.
a. for b. in c. at d. with
16. People may …………….. painful childhood memories to protect themselves.
a. announce b. bury c. advertise d. magnify
17. Four other ……… children whose final days were not as comfortable were
buried that same day.
a. written b. abandoned c. oral d. angry
18. All the necessary steps had been taken to ………………… their safety.
a. endanger b. economize c. ensure d. rationalize
19. I had an ……………….. feeling that someone was following me.
a. unpleasant b. ugliness c. united d. used
20. Every time someone tries to explain the Internet to me, I get even more ….. .
a. confuse b. confused c. confusing d. confusion
21. Don't trust anyone who turns up at your door, unless they can …………… who
they are.
a. improve b. prove c. approve d. disapprove
22. Mazin was pleased and invited Omar to his …………….. for tea.
a. college b. bank c. cottage d. kindergarten
23. I strongly ….. that you get your brakes checked before you go on a long drive.
a. ascend b. bury c. recommend d. advice
24. I have my own room, but we …………….. the kitchen and bathroom.
a. contribute b. sell c. grant d. share
25. Mona got on well with her friend, and felt that without her she might be …… .
a. line b. lonely c. lone d. loneliness
26. The company is managed according to strict ………….. and ethical principles.
a. coral b. moral c. floral d. immoral
27. Did you see the fish Dad caught? It was a ………………!
a. cake b. monster c. dead d. make
28. His critics objected to the way he broke many of the …………… rules of art.
a. traditional b. local c. mystery d. secret
29. ….. than go straight on to university, why not get some work experience first?

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 a. Rather b. More c. Or d. Quite
30. If you're ……………… more than five times, you fail the course.
a. attendant b. wasteful c. compared d. absent
31. Mom and I are a lot ……………….. now than we were when I was a teenager.
a. closed b. closer c. closing d. open
32. Extensive …… have documented the availability of coal in the United States.
a. compositions b. novels c. stories d. reviews
33. Life is good these days ………………….. to the past.
a. comparison b. compared c. compare d. comparing
34. I …………………. care of my mother in the final months of her life.
a. took b. did c. conducted d. carried
35. Many experts …………………… about the issue of global warming.
a. care b. concentrate c. recommend d. blend
36. A tropical bird builds large nests by …….. sticks and pieces of grass together.
a. weaver b. weaving c. waving d. wife
37. She is ……………….. sorry for what she has done.
a. depth b. deepen c. deeply d. deeper
38. She spent less time …………………. about this matter.
a. think b. thinking c. thought d. to think
39. A page-………………….. is a type of book which is very exciting.
a. turn b. turning c. turned d. turner
40. He had deliberately ………………….. the illness from his boss.
a. hide b. hid c. hidden d. hiding
41. It's important to ……………... everyone around you.
a. respect b. respected c. respectable d. respecting
42. Allow the dough to ………………... for two hours before shaping it into a loaf.
a. prove b. proof c. loaf d. hoof
43. The writer ……………….. his first novel when he was 16.
a. spoiled b. plotted c. established d. built
44. Do you like the movie's …………………… song?
a. frame b. blue c. bleeding d. theme
45. The way those children treat their parents is a ……………….. .
a. rhyme b. crime c. present d. gift
46. I won't …………… this project; I plan to see it through to the end.
a. remain b. foretell c. abandon d. plan
47. The hungry diners tucked into the meal with ………………. .
a. keep b. hunger c. abandon d. distribute

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48. A horse has four .......................... - walk, trot, canter and gallop.
a. engines b. wheels c. paces d. faces
49. Sara isn’t hungry. She is ………............... .
a. punctualb. caring c. full d. bored
50. The …….…….. between the educated and the uneducated is becoming wider.
a. divide b. break c. friendshipd. blackened
51. Ali was trying to phone his mother, but the line was ……………… .
a. engaged b. broken c. taken d. lengthened
52. I'm reading a …………….. with a detective as the main character.
a. monster b. monastery c. mystery d. miracle
53. Poachers are killing so many rhinos that they could ……………. altogether.
a. appear b. disappear c. ignore d. steer
54. The young woman asked the hairdresser for a ….…….. to wear on her head.
a. wave b. weave c. wire d. wrinkle
55. Salah has great ……………… as a football player and the determination that
you need to succeed.
a. skill b. skull c. skell d. a skill
56. I began to realize that there was no ……………… for me in life.
a. wasteless b. happiness c. careless d. peerless
57. The next election in my village will take ……………………. on April 6th.
a. place b. part c. a part d. a place
58. Stop feeling sorry …….... yourself and think about other people for a change.
a. to b. for c. in d. on
59. He felt a lot of ……………… over hurting his brother.
a. guilty b. guilt c. guiltless d. guiltier
60. I thanked him for ……………… the mystery to me.
a. explaining b. exploring c. complaining d. carving
61. When I returned home, I found that all my money had ………………….
a. disappeared b. hidden c. widened d. narrowed
62. He was set free because he was found not ………………… .
a. guilt b. innocent c. guilty d. innocence
63. Twenty years after the event, his death remains a ……………… .
a. mystery b. pastry c. monastery d. dentistry
64. I asked the ……………… to make a new scarf for me.
a. weaver b. wave c. weave d. waver
65. The book's ….............…. revolves around a woman who is searching for her
missing sister.

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 a. plate b. pot c. pit d. plot
Language Focus
Deduction ‫االستنتاجـ‬
with Present Past
I'm sure must + ‫مصـدر‬ must have + pp
I'm certain I'm sure he is a doctor. I think he recorded the song.
I think
He must be a doctor. He must have recorded the song.
I believe
I imagine can't + ‫مصـدر‬ can't / couldn't have + pp
certainly I'm sure, he isn't the killer. I think he didn't go to the country.
impossible He can't be the killer. He can't have gone to the country.
not sure/certain may + ‫مصـدر‬ may have + pp
probable/likely It's probable he arrives early. Perhaps she phoned me.
uncertain/perhaps He may arrive early. She may have phoned me.
I don't Know might + ‫مصـدر‬ might have + pp
very not sure
very uncertain It's possible he will come. I don't think they went out.
possible/possibly
He might come. They might have gone out.
don't think/believe
Choose the correct answer :
1. My father was frightened of spiders, so my phobia must …….… come from him.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
2. I hated opening cupboards because I might have ……..……. a spider in them.
a) find b) finds c) found d) finding
3. I loved dolls until I was about five, so fear of dolls …………. have been a
phobia I was born with.
a) can b) can't c) could d) might
4. I think I must ……….…… some kind of fear of large spaces.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
5. I must ……………… a phobia.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
6. I must have ………………. a phobia.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
7. My phobia must have ……………….. from my father.
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 a) comes b) come c) came d) coming
8. My phobia might ………………… come from my father.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
9. Fear of dolls can't have ………………… a phobia I was born with.
a) be b) been c) see d) seen
10. Fear of dolls ……………. have been a phobia I was born with.
a) must b) most c) mist d) nest
11. My friend didn't meet me. She ……………. have been ill.
a) may b) might c) must d) can't
12. She …………. have been ill, I saw her in the evening.
a) can b) can't c) could d) might
13. She must have ……………….. .
a) forget b) forgets c) forgot d) forgotten
14. Tarek must ……………. fallen off his bike, as he has injured his leg.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
15. Tarek ……………. have seen the hole in the road.
a) can b) can't c) could d) may
16. Rafeek's team can't have ……..…….., as he looks very happy.
a) lose b) loses c) lost d) loss
17. Rafeek's team must have ……..…... . He might have scored a goal.
a) win b) wins c) won d) wine
18. The team must have ………………… lots of goals.
a) score b) scores c) scored d) scoring
19. It ………….... be very dry this year as the ground is very dry and dusty.
a) must b) mustn't c) can d) can't
20. It must ………..…. been very dry this year.
a) have b) has c) had d) having
21. It can't have ………….….. for months so the crops aren't growing.
a) rain b) raines c) rained d) raining
22. A farmer looks very worried; he might not ………… any money.
a) get b) gets c) got d) getting
23. A lot of people must have …………. the stones using ropes and animals.
a) carry b) carries c) carried d) carrying
24. They might have ………………… a road.
a) build b) builds c) built d) buildng
25. They can't ……………. had lorries or rockets.
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 a) have b) has c) had d) having
26. They might have ……………… boats.
a) use b) uses c) used d) using
27. Our neighbours ……..... have lost their key as they are breaking the window.
a) must b) can't c) could d) might
28. The driver tells all the passengers to get off and walk, the bus ………… have
broken down.
a) must b) can't c) could d) might
29. A friend comes, then walks out again. He …...... have forgotten his homework.
a) must b) can't c) could d) might
30. My friend falls asleep during an English lesson, he …………….. have had
enough sleep last night.
a) must b) can't c) could d) might
31. Ahmed has three houses, six cars and a yacht, he ………..…….. a rich man.
a) must be b) might be c) can't be d) may be
32. Nora isn't at work today, she ...................... sick.
a) might be b) must be c) must have been d)can't be
33. The man ................ his enemies as they went into the cave.
a) must see b) must have seen c) can't see d) can't have seen
34. He ....................... working at home lately.
a) may be b) may have c) might have been d) might have
35. He walked into the wall, he ….......... have been looking where he was going.
a) could b) can’t c) may d) must
36- The streets are muddy. It ………………… rained.
a) could have b) must have c) can't have d) might have
37- His watch ………………. have cost a lot of money. It's made of plastic.
a) must b) might c) could d) can't
38- It ………...… have been very windy. There are branches all over the ground.
a) can't b) will c) must d) didn't
39- Tunneling under the Nile ………….…have been easy. I'm sure it was difficult.
a) must b) may c) can't d) might
40- My father ………..…… have walked to work . His car is still in the garage.
a) didn't b) won't c) shall d) must
41- He can't walk. He ………………… be ill.
a) must b) mustn't c) shouldn't d) won't

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42- He spends so much money. He ……………….. be rich.
a) can't b) shouldn't c) must d) won't
43- You ……....….. finished that long book already. You bought it only yesterday.
a) can't have b) must have c) should have d) will have
44- Ali fell off his bike. His mother says he ……….…….. have broken his arm.
a) might b) will c) can d) didn't
45- He ……………… have been injured. There was blood on his face.
a) can't b) mustn't c) must d) should
46- The streets are wet. It …………………. last night.
a) must rain b) can't rain c) must have rained d) should have rained
47- You arrived quickly. You ………………… have taken a taxi.
a) must b) can't c) should d) might
48- It ………………… be our train. It is too early.
a) must b) can't c) might d) mustn't
49- I ………………… go down town tomorrow. It depends on the weather.
a) might b) must c) can't d) shouldn't
50- That restaurant ………………… be very good. It is always empty.
a) might b) must c) can't d) shouldn't
51- He ……………. have known about your illness. Nobody told him about it.
a) must b) can’t c) needn’t d) mustn’t
52- The policeman told her to turn right and she turned left. She …….…….. have
understood him.
a) must b) may c) can’t d) could
53- It …………………… be a bird. You must be mistaken.
a) may b) might c) can’t d) must
54- When he worked up he didn’t find his watch. Someone ……have stolen it.
a) must b) can’t c) should d) mustn’t
55- Yesterday, I saw a doctor coming out of their home. Someone ………….. ill.
a) can't have been b) can't be c) must be d) must have been
56- She was so unhappy yesterday. She ……………… her driving test.
a) can't have passed b) can't pass c) must pass d) must have passed
Exercises On Unit 12.
2- Supply the missing words in the following passage :

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1. Last night, we 1)………….….. shocked to see the police in our street. There
was a crime. They 2)……….………. our neighbor dead. He was stabbed 3)
……………… a knife, so he 4)…………….….. have been killed. The criminal 5)
…………….. have carried out his crime earlier; anyway I’m not sure. All people
6)……………. So sad for our neighbor.
2. The Cairo Underground is considered the best way 1)……………… go to the
city centre. It 2)………………….. have made travelling around Cairo easier.
Journeys cost the same so it must have 3)…………… people a lot of money.
Millions of people 4) …………… it every day. So, it must 5)……………. very
important for all Egyptians who are so proud 6)……….……. it.
3. I have a phobia 1)….…... spiders. My father 2)………….. frightened of spiders
so my phobia 3)………………. have come from him. I remember him telling me
that many spiders 4)……………… poisonous. I always thought that any spider
I see 5)………….. going to bite me, so I avoid all of the places 6)…………… I
might find a spider.
4. Dr. Magdi Yacuob is 1)…………… very successful surgeon. He must have 2)
…………. so hard during his life. He 3)……………. have been a clever student
at school. He was one of the 4)…………….. famous scientists in the world. We
3)…………….. proud of all our famous figures 4)…………..…. are considered
pioneers in their fields.
5. I don’t know why my mother doesn’t 1)…….….….. my calls. She 2)……...…...
be asleep as she never gets 3)……………. late. She 4)……………… be busy
in the kitchen, but I don’t think so. Oh! It’s Wednesday morning, so she must 5)
…………….. gone to the local market. I’ll call her an hour later. She might 6)
……………….. back.
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Mr. Ibrahim has been driving a car for several years and he had always been
a very careful driver. He often drove into town and he had to pass traffic lights on
the way. One day. the first traffic lights were just changing from green to red when
he passed them. Almost at once, a policeman ordered him to stop. And asked him
why he hadn't stopped at the red light. Mr. Ibrahim answered that he was afraid to
stop suddenly because if a car had been just behind him, it might have hit his. The
policeman answered angrily that there was no excuse and only foolish drivers who
were driving close behind him would do so. The policeman warned him to be more
careful but he didn't fine him and let him pass.
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 Mr. Ibrahim thanked the policeman and drove very careful to the next traffic
lights where he had to stop suddenly when the light changed. At the same
moment something hit the back of his car. When he looked around he saw the
same policeman. The front tyre of his car was pressed against the back of Mr.
Ibrahim's car.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1- The black typed word refer to ………………… .
a- the policeman b- Mr Ibrahim's car c- the red light d- the train
2- The policeman was a …………………… driver.
a- careful b- careless c- carefree d- modest
3- Mr. Ibrahem was ……………. when he saw the same policeman hit his car.
a- happy b- worried c- pleased d- surprised
4- Drivers have to stop when the traffic light is ……………… .
a- green b- red c- yellow d- blue
B) Answer the following questions:
5- Who hit Mr. Ibrahim's car? Why?
6- Do you think the policeman was right when he didn’t fine Mr. Ibrahim? Why?
7- What do you think we should do to avoid road accidents?
3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to
prepare yourself for it. You must arrive early for the interview, so that you give
yourself a little time to relax before it begins. You have to look your best for the
interview. Try to find out if the company has any rules about dress, then dress
according to their regulations. If they don’t allow their staff to come to work in
casual clothes, you may ruin your chances for a job by wearing the wrong sort of
clothes to the interview. You also need to plan what you are going to say.
In some interviews you will have to do a lot of talking, and in others you will
only have to answer a few questions about yourself, your schoolwork, your strong
points, your reasons for applying for the job, and the salary you expect. You’ll be
allowed to ask some questions of your own. The questions you ask will show the
interviewer that you have given careful thought to the position. You can ask
questions like these: What duties will I have to do in the job? Will I be allowed to
join a health insurance programme? Does the company provide opportunities for
further education? You must also try to find out as much as you can about the
company by talking to someone who works there, or by asking for copies of the
company’s booklets, brochures or advertising.
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A) Choose the correct answer:
1. An interviewee should arrive ………………… for a job interview.
a) early enough b) too early c) too late d) in no time
2. The underlined word “casual” means …………………… .
a) formal b) informal c) expensive d) cheap
3. During the interview, the interviewee can ask questions about …………… .
a) himself b) the company c) the interviewer d) the salary
4- What is meant by 'further education'?
a) education that is compulsory for people
b) education that is provided for people after leaving school
c) education that will be in a remote place
d) education that is much more than expected
B) Give short answers to the following questions:
5. Mention two things that would help an interviewee to get a job.
6. How can the interviewee get knowledge about the company?
7. Do you think that interviews are a good way to find employees for your
company? Why?
4- Write an essay of about 150 words on one of the following:
a) Hard work b) A model person you want to follow
5) a- Translate into Arabic:
1- Self studying, which involves studying without direct supervision or attendance
in a classroom, is a valuable way to learn. So, we should encourage such kind
of education.
2- We should always forget our disputes and look for the future. The wisest
person is the one who makes full use of what life offers him without sorrowfully
looking back at what he has lost.
b- Translate into English:
‫ تعانى العديد من دول الع@الم من مش@كلة الالج@ئين ال@ذين تج@برهم الح@روب والص@راعات@ على‬-1
.‫ترك أوطانهم والبحث عن مكان آمن للعيش فيه‬
‫ ان مؤتمر الشباب الذى يُعقد فى مصر كل عام هو فرصة كبيرة للشباب من مختلف دول العالم‬-2
.‫ وهذا بالتأكيد سيؤدى الى زيادة التفاهم والتسامح‬،‫أن يلتقوا‬
‫ لو أعطيناها الرعاية المس@@تحقة نس@@تطيع أن نزيد‬،‫ صحارينا هى أحد المصادر الرئيسية للثروة‬-3
.‫دخلنا القومى و نحل العديد من المشكالت التى تواجهنا هذه األيام‬

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