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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Module 1, Quarter 1, Week 1
General Biology 1
Grade 11/12 Module 1 Quarter 1, Week 1
First Edition, 2020
Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
When you encounter something that you don’t understand one of the first
things you might do is to try to find an explanation for what you see. In science,
these explanations are called theories. One of the fundamental theories in biology is
cell theory. This theory is one of the foundational tenets of biology. The development
of this theory occurred largely as a result of advancements in the field of microscopy.
From your Grade 7 Biology, cell was introduced as one of the levels of
organization of every living thing. You have learned that the cell makes up an
organism. The discovery of the cell and development of the cell theory was never
mentioned from your grade 7 to grade 10 Life Science.
This lesson will introduce to you the cell theory postulates, including the
timeline and the scientists behind the development of the cell theory. The activities
in this module will help you to further understand the three components of the cell
theory and its relevance in the field of biological science.
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Jumpstart
He concluded that: “Where a cell exists, there must have been a pre-existing
cell” and credited for developing the third tenet of the cell theory.
He used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissue (cork) and saw tiny
chambers and coined the term ‘cell’
First to see living microscopic organisms (in pond water) and termed these
microorganisms ‘animalcules’
He concluded that: “All living plants are made of cells” and credited for
developing first the two tenets of cell theory (with Schwann)
He concluded that: “All living animals are made of cells” and credited for
developing the first two tenets of cell theory (with Schleiden)
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Discover
The generally accepted portions of the modern Cell Theory are as follows:
1. The cell is the basic unit of life.
2. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• Cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular division
• All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition
• Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells
If internet is available, you can visit this video link for additional information
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zk3vlhz1b6k
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Explore
In the next activity, you are going to know the three basic
components of the cell theory. Good luck!
You will arrange the following jumbled words to come up with the three basic
components of the cell theory. Write also a short explanation based from your
understanding about the statements that you have arranged. Do it in a separate
sheet of paper.
______________________________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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spontaneous generation theory by Aristotle
Deepen
At this point, you are familiar already with the scientists and their significant
contribution on the development of the cell theory and you know already the three
basic components of the cell theory. The development of the cell theory took almost
three centuries. Very little advancements were made up to mid-nineteenth century.
It was probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief on the theory of
spontaneous generation. This theory only refuted when Louis Pasteur’s experiment
disproved this theory.
For this activity, you are going to show your deeper understanding on the three basic
components/postulates of the Cell Theory by explaining why the theory of
spontaneous generation was considered as a plausible explanation on how life can
originate from an organic matter. Your answer will be graded using the attached
rubric.
Have you ever noticed that after it rains you see a lot more worms? We now know
that worms tend to stay underground because their skin needs to be moist so they
can breathe. When it rains, the ground is covered in water, so they are free to move
about. However, people used to believe that worms, rather than hatching from the
eggs of other worms, were created when dirt and water made mud.
This is the idea of spontaneous generation, an obsolete theory that states that living
organisms can originate from inanimate objects. Other common examples of
spontaneous generation were that dust creates fleas, maggots arise from rotting
meat, and bread or wheat left in a dark corner produces mice.
Although the idea that you can create scorpions by placing basil between two bricks
and leaving them in the sun seems ridiculous to us now, the theory of spontaneous
generation was hotly debated for hundreds of years. During this time, many
experiments were conducted in both prove and disprove the theory.
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Your work will be graded using this rubric:
Gauge
Directions: Read and understand each question. Choose the letter of your best
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. Who among the following scientists did NOT contribute to the cell theory?
A. Theodor Schwann C. Rudolf Virchow
B. Matthias Schleiden D. Charles Darwin
3. Who observed the movements of protists and sperm which he collectively termed
as “animalcules” because he saw movement on them?
A. Robert Hooke C. Matthias Schleiden
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek D. Theodore Schwann
4. He coined the term “cell” for the box-like structures that he observed when he
viewed the cork tissue in his microscope.
A. Robert Hooke C. Matthias Schleiden
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek D. Theodore Schwan
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5. Who are the two biologists who collaborated and proposed the first and second
postulates of the cell theory?
A. Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
B. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
C. Rudolf Virchow and Theodor Schwann
D. Rudolf Virchow and Matthias Schleiden
11. Which of the following observations about cell was made by Robert Hooke?
A. He observed tiny living organisms in blood cells that he termed as
“animalcules”
B. He observed a tiny compartment or small rooms on a piece of cork and
termed it as cell to describe its chamber-like structures.
C. He discovered a dark-dense spot inside the cell and termed as a nucleus.
D. He concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
12. Which of the following is/are the basic components of the cell theory?
A. The cell is the basic unit of life.
B. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
C. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
D. All of the above
13. “The cell is the basic unit of all organisms’, this means that _____________.
A. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all
living things
B. The cell is the smallest part of an organism.
C. Cells can be macroscopic or microscopic
D. Organism is composed of cells.
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14. What other tenet/s is/are added on the expanded version of the cell theory?
A. Cells carry genetic materials passed to daughter cells during cell division
B. All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition
C. Energy flow and metabolic reactions occurs within cells
D. All of the above
15. According to the expanded version of the cell theory, genetic materials passed
to daughter cells during cellular division. What is the genetic material of the cell?
A. DNA C. Ribosomes
B. Nucleus D. cytoplasm
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References
Printed Materials:
Rea, Maria Angelica D. et.al. (2017) First Edition. General Biology 1(pp 4-7),
Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Website:
Cell Theory History.(n.d) BioNinja website. Retrieved July 22, 2020 from
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/11
introduction-to-cells/cell-theory-history.html
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Key Answers
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