SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE
Quarter 1 | Week 1

The Cell

SHS—General Biology 1
Competencies Explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1)
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular
organelles (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2)
General Biology 1 – SHS
Self-Learning Package
The Cell
First Edition, 2020

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SHS—General Biology 1
Competencies Explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1)
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular
organelles (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2)
Introductory Message
Welcome!

The Self-Learning Package for Senior High School is developed to guide you our
dear learners to meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum.

The Self-Learning Package aims to guide our learners in accomplishing

activities at their own pace and time. This also aims to assist learners in developing and
achieving the lifelong learning skills while considering their needs and situations.

For learning facilitator:

The Self-Learning Package is developed to address the current needs of the learner
to continue learning in the comforts of their homes or learning centers. As the learning
facilitator, make sure that you give them clear instructions on how to study and
accomplish the given activities in the material. Learner’s progress must be monitored.

For the learner:

The Self-Learning Package is developed to help you, dear learner, in your needs
to continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material aims to
primarily provide you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand to follow the
instructions given.

REMEMBER ….
To answer the given exercises, questions and assessment, USE your Activity
Notebook or Answer Sheet. When you are DONE, wait for the teacher/volunteer to
collect your activity notebook/ answer sheet.

Good luck and God bless.

SHS—General Biology 1
Competencies Explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1)
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular
organelles (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2)
 SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
The Cell
Learning Competency:
Explain the postulates of the cell theory
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1)
Describe the structure and function of major and
subcellular organelles (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2)
 Lesson 1

Ready to Launch!

A Cell is a basic unit of life. It entails that each organism has a cell.
Whether it is simple or complex, an organism is made up of cell or cells. A
cell has its own system in order for it to undergo processes that are needed
by the organism.
The activities that are necessary for the organisms to function will not
occur without the existence of cell. The energy that is needed to manufac-
ture food for the organism is processed within the cell. Gas exchange
among plants and animals is processed within the cell. The way organisms
think, decide, and feel is due to how the cell perform. This module will help
you explore on the postulates of the cell theory and how these have helped
in understanding the definition of life.

AiAim at the Target!

This module generally aims to:
• explain the postulates of the cell theory. (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1)

Try This!

A. Look at the given things below. Which of them consists of cells? Write
the letter/(s) that corresponds to your answer. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

A B C

D E F

B. What is something common with the items you chose?

 Keep This in Mind!
Activity
Instruction: Read the conversation below
Diego: Mom, this pandemic is caused by a virus. I have so many things in mind about
it.
Mother: Yes Diego you might have learned from the news how this corona virus could
actually damage and kill people.
Diego: I took some notes on the definition of corona virus mom. It says here
“Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases
in mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infec-
tions that can range from mild to lethal. ” I wonder mom why these virus can kill, are
they living forms?
Mother: That is very interesting. I’m glad you are thinking about it. Let me tell you a
short history on how people in the past understood what life is. Let’s take a look at this
timeline and those people who contributed in defining what composes a living form.
TIMELINE ON THE DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
1665 - Robert Hooke coined the term “cell” for the box-like structures he
observed when viewing cork tissue through a lens
1670 - Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and protozoa, he termed
“animalcules”.
1830 - botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann
were studying tissues and proposed that plants and animals are made
up of cells.
1855 - Rudolf Virchow later made important contributions to this theo-
ry he stated “Omnis cellula e cellula” which means “All cells only arise
from pre-existing cells.”
Diego: That means, all living things have cells mom?
Mother: Yes, the basic unit of life is a cell. Without a cell, no living form can
exist.

Diego: Since both plants and animals are living forms therefore they both have cells as
what Schleiden and Schwann stated!
Mother: You are indeed thinking. There are three postulates of the cell theory which
you need to remember. First, cell is the basic unit of life. Second, as you mentioned
both plants and animals are made up of cells, we can say that all living organisms
have cells. Third, those people in the timeline have contributed in the understanding
that all cells can only come from pre-existing cell. That means, life comes from life. A
cell can give rise to an other cell. A cell has a life, it can give rise to another cell which
has also a life. On the other hand, a non life can not give rise to a cell. Example a stone
can not produce a living form because stone is non life, it doesn’t have a cell. In mod-
ern time, we can state that first, all cells are essentially the same in chemical composi-
tion. Second, cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular divi-
sion. Third, energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
Analysis

You are tasked to help Diego understand whether corona virus can be
considered a living form or not. Answer the questions ON YOUR ANSWER
SHEET.
First answer the preliminary questions on your answer sheet:
Question (1) Read the explanation of Diego’s mother. What are the three im-
portant things that all living forms have in common.
Question (2). How do you understand by “Omnis cellula e cellula” which
means “Cells come from pre-existing cells?”
In order to help Diego decide whether to classify Corona virus to be
living or not, consider your answers in the preliminary questions. Also, add
the things that you might have read or heard about it. Is corona virus a living
form or not? Why?

Abstraction and Generalization

A cell is a basic unit of life. Onion or Alium cepa is composed of

several cells. Each cell has organelles that perform functions
for the onion to be alive as well.

Red Blood Cell, is a cell and functions in the transport of oxy-

ent parts of a human body. Oxygen is n eeded
gen in the differ
in the body in order to function. RBCs are one of
by the organs
kinds of cells in the body.
the many different

e, protozoans like amoeba might be a single cell but

Likewis
considered a living form. Amoeba proteus causes dys-
still
y or severe diarrhea. Amoeba is found in decaying
enter
getations in streams and ponds.
ve

A jackfruit is a living organism. The leaves of the tree is com-

posed of cells. Each cell performs photosynthesis. Photosyn-
thesis is the process by which plants make their own food
(carbohydrate/sugar) to sustain their needs and also to pro-
vide food to the animals.
Application
Read the situations below. Answer the questions that follow on your an-
swer sheet.
Situation (1) Janine left her bread on the table. The following days Janine
found some molds on the bread. Those molds are actually colonies of fungus.
Janine observed that as days go by the area covered by molds is getting
greater. Which postulate of cell theory explains this.
Situation (2) A new species of invertebrate was discovered. It was flat disc
shaped organism and belongs to the phylum echinodermata. It stays at a
substrate and is fed by the microorganisms that thrive in the substrate. Is
the organism composed of cell? Why should it be composed of cell or cells?

Reinforcement & Enrichment

You have learned that the cell is the basic unit of life. If you were to
make an analogy of a cell, what would that be? Why? (Choose any object
that you could think of)
 Assess Your Learning
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds with the correct answer.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Cell theory states:
I. All living cells must have a cell wall.
II. All living cells require glucose for survival.
III. The basic unit of life is a cell.
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III
2. Which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory?
A. All living things are made of cells
B. Cells come from pre- existing cells
C. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
D. All cells contain the same organelles
3. What did Schleiden and Schwann both discover individually?
A. All cells have organelles.
B. Spontaneous generation of cells is an incorrect theory.
C. All livings things engage in metabolic functions.
D. All living things are composed of one or more cells.

4. If all cells are created by other living cells, which of the following is true?
A. Spontaneous generation cannot occur.
B. Plant cells come from other plant cells.
C. Cells divide for reproduction.
D. All of the answers are correct.

5. Viruses infect cells and replicate themselves by utilizing various enzymes and
cellular components of their host cell. Could you apply the same tenets of cell
theory to viral replication?
A. No, viruses do not strictly adhere to cell theory because they are not living
organisms.
B. No, viruses do not strictly adhere to cell theory because viruses do not di-
rectly come from other viruses; they require an intermediate cell to replicate.
C. Yes, viruses strictly adhere to cell theory because an individual virus is a
singular cellular unit.
D. Yes, viruses strictly adhere to cell theory because from one virus directly
arises another virus.
 References & Photo Credits

AMOEBA. https://commons.wikimedia.org
CORONA VIRUS. https://health.mil/News/Articles/2020/01/24/Coronavirus
GLASS OF WATER. https://pxhere.com/en/photo/801119
HOOKE. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Hooke_portrait.jpg
JACKFRUIT. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jackfruit.jpg
LEUWENHOEK. https://commons.wikimedia.org
MOBILE PHONE. https://www.wallpaperflare.com
ONION CELLS. https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaibara/3839720754
PHILIPPINE EAGLE. https://commons.wikimedia.org
RED BLOOD CELLS. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Blood_Cell.jpg
ROCK. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logan_Rock_Treen_closeup.jpg
SCHLEIDEN. https://commons.wikimedia.org
SCHWANN.https://commons.wikimedia.org
SPERM. https://www.flickr.com/photos/
Syme, D. & Shadwick, R. (2011). Red muscle function in stiff-bodied swimmers:
there and almost back again. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
TUNA. https://www.needpix.com/photo/287321/tuna-fish-fishing-seafood-fresh-
water-underwater-ocean-marine
VIRCHOW. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg
WITHERED PLANT. https://pixabay.com/photos/withered-blossom-bloom-plant-
4091775/