9thTry

Grade Biology
the fastest F…! flashcards
way to create
Study

Free trial

Study sets, textbooks, questions

9th Grade Biology Fall Final

Exam Review
159 studiers today 4.8 (19 reviews)

Tap the card to flip

What is biology?
Study of life

Tap the card to flip

1 / 203

In-class activity

Classic Live

Checkpoint
!

Self-study activity

Flashcards

Learn

Test

Match

Q-Chat

Created by

sa26727

9th grade biology fall final exam review

Coach Rabe
WHS

Share

Students also viewed

Answer the following questions-Final exa…

55 terms

naturists Preview

Terms in this set (203) Original

What is biology?

Study of life

What is a stimulus and describe how an

organism could respond to an internal
stimulus.

A stimulus is anything that causes an

organism to respond. An organism
could respond to an internal stimulus by
ongoing internal processes. EX: empty
stomach causes the organism feel he
need to eat for energy

Hypothesis=

an explanation to a question, an
educated guess

Quantitative information=

results in numerical data that can be put

into a table or graph

What are the characteristics of living

things?

Have an orderly structure, produce

offspring, grow and develop, and adjust
to changes in the environment

List the steps of the scientific method.

Observation-make a hypothesis-
collecting data- publishing the results-
forming a theory- developing a new
hypothesis- and revising the theory

What is a species?

A group of organisms that can

interbreed and produce fertile offspring
in nature

Name the components of the SI system

of measurement.

Gram, meter, Celsius, liter

Growth=

increase in the amount of living material

and the formation of new structures

Independent Variable=

condition of the experiment that is

tested

Dependent Variable=

the condition that results from changes

in the independent variable

Mixture=

a combination of substances in which

the individual components retain their
own properties

Covalent bond=

sharing of electrons between atoms

What are the 4 elements that make up

96% of the human body?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and

Nitrogen

Atoms=

smallest particle of an element that has

the characteristics of that element

Explain why water is a polar molecule.

Water is a molecule with an unequal

distribution of charge, the Oxygen side
is (-) and the hydrogen side is (+) due to
the sharing of electrons in the covalent
bond

What occurs in the process of diffusion?

Movement of particles from an area of

high concentration to an area of low
concentration

Describe the basic components of:

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
nucleic acids

Proteins = amino acids

Carbohydrates = C, H, O -> sugars
(saccharides)
Lipids = fats, oils, waxes made of C, and
H
Nucleic Acid = nucleotides

What is an enzyme?

A protein that changes the rate of

chemical reactions

Development=

all of the changes that take place during

the life cycle of an organism

Theory=

explanation of natural phenomenon that

is supported by a large body of
scientific evidence

Ion=

an atom that has gained or lost an

electron giving it a charge ( + or - )

Qualitative information=

observational data that is a description

of observations

Ionic bond =

attraction of opposite charges between

ions (ion= atom that gained or lost an
electron)

Solution=

a mixture in which one or more

substances are dissolved in another
substance

What is the function of the cell

membrane?

it allows materials to enter the cell

regardless of the environment.it
maintains homeostasis by removing
waste and excess materials.it has
selective permeability (allows some
materials in while keeping others out)

How do phospholipids interact with

water to help from the cell membrane?

-the phospholipid bilayer (make up the

cell membrane and it has polar heads
and nonpolar tails) water is polar
molecule and is found inside and
outside the cell (but is repelled by the
nonpolar tails), the water is attracted to
the polar heads and repelled by the
non polar tails

Explain 4 roles proteins play in the cell

membrane.

Cell surface markers (Identifies the cell).

Transport proteins move substances
across the cell membrane. Receptor
protein (Recognizes and binds to
substance outside of cell). Enzymes
(helps speed up chemical reactions)

Draw and label a phospholipid

molecule.

Polar head and non polar tail

prokaryotic:

have NO membrane bound organelles

they are unicellular and lack a nucleus
(bacteria cells)

eukaryotic:

have membrane bound organelles and

a nucleus (plant and animal cells)

Plant cells:

chlorophyll, cell walls, larger vacuoles,

chloroplasts, plastids

Animals cells:

Dont have chlorophyll, cell walls, larger

vacuoles, chloroplasts, plastids

What are the 3 main ideas of the cell

theory?

All organisms are composed of one or

more cells. The cells is the basic unit of
structure and organization of all
organisms.All cells come from pre-
existing cells

Describe the plasma membrane and the

function of its 3 parts.

Flexible boundary between the cell and

its environment. It is made up of a
phospholipid bilayer with each
phospholipid having a polar head and a
non-polar tail. Anchored inside the
membrane are proteins which allow
things to enter and leave the cell. Within
the phospholipid bilayer contains
cholesterol which keeps the non-polar
tails from sticking together

If a cell synthesizes large quantities of

proteins which organelles might be
numerous in that cell and why?

Ribosomes: used to make the proteins.

ER: makes the proteins. Golgi Body:
sorts and packages the proteins.
Vacuoles: store the proteins

Cell Wall:

rigid structure located outside the

plasma membrane that provides
support and protection (only in plants)
IT IS NOT SELECTIVE

Plasma membrane:

in both plants and animals flexible fluid

boundary, IT IS SELECTIVE!

Robert Hooke:

named cells after the small rooms

monks lived in.

Theodor Schwann:

animals are composed of cells.

Matthias Schleiden:

plants are composed of cells

Considering that a cell's environment is

extremely watery why might lipids be
important to the composition of the
plasma membrane?

Because the lipids are non-polar (tail)

and they help keep water from leaving
the cell while prevent water from
rushing in the cell

See an expert-written answer!

Rough ER:

has ribosomes attached to the ER to

carry out protein synthesis

Smooth ER:

has not ribosomes stores and make

lipids

Compound light microscope:

uses lenses and a light source to

magnify objects up to 1500x

Electron microscope:

uses electron beams to magnify objects

object has to be placed in a vacuum,
and can magnify up to 500,000x

Nucleus:

contains all the directions to make a

protein. (DNA)

Cytoplasm:

clear gelatinous fluid in the cells that is

the site of numerous chemical reactions,
it suspends the organelles.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) -

folded membranes that are the site of

cellular chemical reactions. Proteins and
lipids are manufactured here. It is also a
network of tubules that contributes to
protein distribution.

Golgi Apparatus -

Sorts proteins into packages and sends

them to the appropriate vesicles to be
distributed

Vacuole -

membrane bound sac used for

temporary storage in the cell. Vacuoles
store food enzymes and other materials
the cell may need.

Lysosomes -

organelles that contain digestive

enzymes. digest excess/worn out
organelles food particles, and engulfed
bacteria/virus.

Chloroplasts -

organelles that capture light energy to

convert into chemical energy. are part
of a group of plastids.

Mitochondria -

transform sugar molecules into energy

for the cell. They are found in plant and
animal cells.

Cytoskeleton -

is the support structure of the cell. is

made up of rods called microtubules
and filaments.

Cilia -

Short numerous, and look like hair. They

move in a rowing motion

Flagella -

Long and have a whip-like motion

Microtubules -

are hollow tubes of protein.