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CHEMICAL
STAGES OF A
PROTEIN
 PROTEIN

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MADE OF:
Proteins, the workhorses of
biological systems, are
composed of amino acids
and play pivotal roles in a
multitude of cellular
functions. These functions
encompass nearly every
aspect of life and are vital for
maintaining the health and
functionality of organisms.
 AMINO

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ACIDS
Amino acids have a unique
chemical structure that
combines both acid and
base properties, giving them
buffering capacity. This
property allows them to link
together, forming protein
chains. The amino group of
one amino acid joins the
carboxyl group of another,
forming peptide linkages.
These linked chains of amino
acids are known as
polypeptides.
ESSENTIAL

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AMINO ACIDS.
Essential Amino Acids
(Cannot be synthesized by
the body and must be
obtained through the diet).

Examples:
Threonine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
NON-ESSENTIAL

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AMINO ACIDS.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
(Can be synthesized by the
body and are not considered
dietary essentials):

Glycine
Alanine
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid
Proline
Cystine
Tyrosine
Serine
Arginine
Histidine
Hydroxyproline
COMPLETE

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PROTEINS
Complete proteins are those that
contain all the essential amino
acids in sufficient quantity and
ratio to supply the body's needs.
These proteins are of animal
origin-meat, milk, cheese, and
INCOMPLETE
eggs. PROTEINS
Incomplete proteins are those
deficient in one or more of the
essential amino acids. They are
of plant origin-grains, legumes,
seeds, and nuts.
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