ale80571_ch03_081_126.

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114 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.7 In the circuit of Fig. 3.49, current i1 is: 3.9 The PSpice part name for a current-controlled
voltage source is:
(a) 4 A (b) 3 A (c) 2 A (d) 1 A
(a) EX (b) FX (c) HX (d) GX
3.10 Which of the following statements are not true of the
2Ω 1Ω pseudocomponent IPROBE:
(a) It must be connected in series.
+
20 V + i1 v 2A i2 (b) It plots the branch current.
−
−
(c) It displays the current through the branch in
which it is connected.
3Ω 4Ω (d) It can be used to display voltage by connecting it
Figure 3.49 in parallel.
For Review Questions 3.7 and 3.8.
(e) It is used only for dc analysis.
(f) It does not correspond to a particular circuit
element.
3.8 The voltage v across the current source in the circuit
of Fig. 3.49 is:
Answers: 3.1a, 3.2c, 3.3a, 3.4c, 3.5c, 3.6a, 3.7d, 3.8b,
(a) 20 V (b) 15 V (c) 10 V (d) 5 V 3.9c, 3.10b,d.

Problems
Sections 3.2 and 3.3 Nodal Analysis 3.3 Find the currents I1 through I4 and the voltage vo in
the circuit of Fig. 3.52.
3.1 Using Fig. 3.50, design a problem to help other
students better understand nodal analysis.
vo

R1 R2 I1 I2 I3 I4

Ix 8A 10 Ω 20 Ω 30 Ω 20 A 60 Ω

12 V + R3 + 9V
− −

Figure 3.50 Figure 3.52

For Prob. 3.1 and Prob. 3.39. For Prob. 3.3.

3.2 For the circuit in Fig. 3.51, obtain v1 and v2.

3.4 Given the circuit in Fig. 3.53, calculate the currents
i1 through i4.
2Ω

6A
v1 v2 3A

i1 i2 i3 i4
10 Ω 5Ω 4Ω 3A
6A 20 Ω 10 Ω 40 Ω 40 Ω 2A

Figure 3.51 Figure 3.53

For Prob. 3.2. For Prob. 3.4.
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Problems 115

3.5 Obtain vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.54. 3.9 Determine Ib in the circuit in Fig. 3.58 using nodal
analysis.

Ib 60Ib
+ + 250 Ω
30 V − 20 V − + +−
4 kΩ vo
2 kΩ 5 kΩ −
24 V +
− 50 Ω 150 Ω

Figure 3.54
For Prob. 3.5. Figure 3.58
For Prob. 3.9.

3.6 Solve for V1 in the circuit of Fig. 3.55 using nodal 3.10 Find Io in the circuit of Fig. 3.59.
analysis.

1Ω
10 Ω
4Ω
4A 2 Io

5Ω +
Io
10 V +
− V1 10 Ω + 20 V
−
− 8Ω 2Ω 4Ω

Figure 3.55
For Prob. 3.6. Figure 3.59
For Prob. 3.10.

3.11 Find Vo and the power dissipated in all the resistors

3.7 Apply nodal analysis to solve for Vx in the circuit of in the circuit of Fig. 3.60.
Fig. 3.56.

12 Ω Vo 6Ω

+
60 V + 12 Ω − 24 V
10 Ω Vx 20 Ω 0.2Vx − +
2A
−

Figure 3.56 Figure 3.60

For Prob. 3.7. For Prob. 3.11.

3.8 Using nodal analysis, find vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.57. 3.12 Using nodal analysis, determine Vo in the circuit in
Fig. 3.61.

6Ω 20 Ω 20 Ω 10 Ω

Ix +
+ 60 V +
−
+ 40 V +
− 20 Ω 10 Ω Vo
vo 4Ω 5vo 4 Ix
−
− 20 Ω −

Figure 3.57 Figure 3.61

For Prob. 3.8 and Prob. 3.37. For Prob. 3.12.
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116 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.13 Calculate v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.62 using 3.17 Using nodal analysis, find current io in the circuit of
nodal analysis. Fig. 3.66.

v1 2Ω 10 V v2
+−
io

8Ω 4Ω 15 A

4Ω 2Ω
10 Ω
8Ω
Figure 3.62
For Prob. 3.13. 60 V +
− 3io

3.14 Using nodal analysis, find vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.63. Figure 3.66
For Prob. 3.17.
12.5 A

8Ω
3.18 Determine the node voltages in the circuit in Fig. 3.67
using nodal analysis.
2Ω
1Ω +
vo 4Ω − 50 V
+
+ − 30 V
100 V −
+−

Figure 3.63
For Prob. 3.14. 2Ω 2 2Ω
1 3
3.15 Apply nodal analysis to find io and the power
dissipated in each resistor in the circuit of Fig. 3.64. 4Ω 15 A 8Ω

2A

Figure 3.67
10 V 3S
For Prob. 3.18.
+−
io

6S 5S 4A 3.19 Use nodal analysis to find v1, v2, and v3 in the circuit
of Fig. 3.68.
Figure 3.64
For Prob. 3.15.
3A
3.16 Determine voltages v1 through v3 in the circuit of
Fig. 3.65 using nodal analysis. 2Ω

2S v1 8Ω v2 4Ω
v3

2vo
v1 v2 8S 8Ω
+− v3 5A 4Ω 2Ω
+
2A 1S vo 4S + 13 V +
− 12 V
− –

Figure 3.65 Figure 3.68

For Prob. 3.16. For Prob. 3.19.
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Problems 117

3.20 For the circuit in Fig. 3.69, find v1, v2, and v3 using 3.24 Use nodal analysis and MATLAB to find Vo in the
nodal analysis. circuit of Fig. 3.73.

12 V
+–
8Ω
2i
v1 v2 2Ω v3
+– + Vo −
i 4A 2A
4Ω
4Ω 1Ω 4Ω

1Ω 2Ω 2Ω 1Ω

Figure 3.69
For Prob. 3.20. Figure 3.73
For Prob. 3.24.
3.21 For the circuit in Fig. 3.70, find v1 and v2 using
nodal analysis.
3.25 Use nodal analysis along with MATLAB to determine
4 kΩ
the node voltages in Fig. 3.74.

3vo
2 kΩ
v1 −+ v2
20 Ω v4
+
3 mA 1 kΩ vo
− 10 Ω
1Ω v2 10 Ω
v1 v3
30 Ω

Figure 3.70 4A 8Ω 20 Ω
For Prob. 3.21.

3.22 Determine v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.71.

Figure 3.74
8Ω
For Prob. 3.25.

2Ω 3A
v1
v2
+ vo − 3.26 Calculate the node voltages v1, v2, and v3 in the
1Ω circuit of Fig. 3.75.
12 V + 4Ω
−
– 5vo
+
3A

10 Ω io
Figure 3.71
For Prob. 3.22.
v1 5Ω v2 5Ω
v3
3.23 Use nodal analysis to find Vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.72.

2Vo 20 Ω 5Ω 15 Ω
1Ω 4Ω
+−
+ + −
+ 4io
15 V
− − + 10 V
+
30 V − 2Ω Vo 16 Ω 3A
−

Figure 3.72 Figure 3.75

For Prob. 3.23. For Prob. 3.26.
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118 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

*3.27 Use nodal analysis to determine voltages v1, v2, and 3.30 Using nodal analysis, find vo and io in the circuit of
v3 in the circuit of Fig. 3.76. Fig. 3.79.

96 V
4S 40 Ω
−+

3io 10 Ω io 20 Ω

+
80 V + 4vo + 2io 80 Ω vo
v1 1S v2 1S v3 − −
−
io
Figure 3.79
2A 2S 4S 2S 4A For Prob. 3.30.

Figure 3.76
For Prob. 3.27.

*3.28 Use MATLAB to find the voltages at nodes a, b, c, 3.31 Find the node voltages for the circuit in Fig. 3.80.
and d in the circuit of Fig. 3.77.

c
1Ω
+ vo −
10 Ω 5Ω 4Ω

20 Ω 8Ω 4Io 2vo
v1 v2 v3 2Ω
d b −+
Io
4Ω 8Ω
4Ω 1Ω 4Ω +
16 Ω 1A − 10 V
− +
60 V 90 V
+ −
a
Figure 3.77 Figure 3.80
For Prob. 3.28. For Prob. 3.31.

3.29 Use MATLAB to solve for the node voltages in the

circuit of Fig. 3.78.

V4
3.32 Obtain the node voltages v1, v2, and v3 in the circuit
2A 3S of Fig. 3.81.
1S 1S

V1 1S V2 4S 5 kΩ
V3

10 V v2 20 V
5A 2S 2S 6A v1 v3
−+ +−

4 mA + 12 V 10 kΩ
−
Figure 3.78
For Prob. 3.29.

Figure 3.81
* An asterisk indicates a challenging problem. For Prob. 3.32.
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Problems 119

Sections 3.4 and 3.5 Mesh Analysis 8Ω

3.33 Which of the circuits in Fig. 3.82 is planar? For the 5Ω 4Ω

planar circuit, redraw the circuits with no crossing
branches.
1Ω 6Ω 3Ω

1Ω 7Ω 2Ω

3Ω
4Ω 5Ω
4A
2Ω
(b)
6Ω Figure 3.83
For Prob. 3.34.

3.35 Rework Prob. 3.5 using mesh analysis.

2A
3.36 Use mesh analysis to obtain i1, i2, and i3 in the
(a)
circuit in Fig. 3.84.

3Ω
10 V
4Ω
4Ω +–
5Ω i1 i2 i3
+
12 V − 2Ω 12 V +
− 6Ω 2Ω

Figure 3.84
1Ω For Prob. 3.36.
(b)
Figure 3.82 3.37 Solve Prob. 3.8 using mesh analysis.
For Prob. 3.33.
3.38 Apply mesh analysis to the circuit in Fig. 3.85 and
obtain Io.

4Ω 3Ω

3.34 Determine which of the circuits in Fig. 3.83 is planar

and redraw it with no crossing branches.
60 V +
− 10 A 1Ω

2Ω 2Ω

2Ω Io

+ 22.5
1Ω 1Ω −
1Ω 5Ω

7Ω 3Ω
5A 4Ω

+ Figure 3.85
10 V − 6Ω
For Prob. 3.38.

3.39 Using Fig. 3.50 from Prob. 3.1, design a problem to

4Ω help other students better understand mesh analysis.
(a)
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120 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.40 For the bridge network in Fig. 3.86, find io using 3.44 Use mesh analysis to obtain io in the circuit of
mesh analysis. Fig. 3.90.
io 2 kΩ

6 kΩ 90 V
6 kΩ
+−
2 kΩ
56 V +
− 2Ω 4Ω
io 1Ω
4 kΩ 4 kΩ + 180 V
−
5Ω 45 A
Figure 3.86
For Prob. 3.40.
Figure 3.90
3.41 Apply mesh analysis to find i in Fig. 3.87.
For Prob. 3.44.
10 Ω

i1
2Ω 6V
3.45 Find current i in the circuit of Fig. 3.91.
+−
i
1Ω
4Ω i2 i3 5Ω
4Ω 8Ω
+ 8V
−
4A
Figure 3.87 2Ω 6Ω
For Prob. 3.41.
i
3.42 Using Fig. 3.88, design a problem to help students
30 V +− 3Ω 1Ω
better understand mesh analysis using matrices.
20 Ω 30 Ω 10 Ω
Figure 3.91
For Prob. 3.45.
+ i1 30 Ω 40 Ω i3 –
V1 – i2 + V3

+ –
3.46 Calculate the mesh currents i1 and i2 in Fig. 3.92.
V2
Figure 3.88
For Prob. 3.42.
3Ω 6Ω
3.43 Use mesh analysis to find vab and io in the circuit of
Fig. 3.89. + vo −

12 V + i1 8Ω i2 + 2vo
20 Ω − −

io
30 Ω
80 V +
− Figure 3.92
20 Ω + For Prob. 3.46.
30 Ω vab
−
80 V +
− 30 Ω
20 Ω
3.47 Rework Prob. 3.19 using mesh analysis.
Figure 3.89
For Prob. 3.43.
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Problems 121

3.48 Determine the current through the 10-k resistor in 3.51 Apply mesh analysis to find vo in the circuit of
the circuit of Fig. 3.93 using mesh analysis. Fig. 3.96.

5A
3 kΩ

2Ω vo 8Ω
4 kΩ 2 kΩ 5 kΩ

1Ω
4Ω −
1 kΩ + 20 V
+ − 3V 40 V +
6V − + −
10 kΩ
+ 4V
−

Figure 3.96
Figure 3.93 For Prob. 3.51.
For Prob. 3.48.

3.52 Use mesh analysis to find i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit
of Fig. 3.97.

3.49 Find vo and io in the circuit of Fig. 3.94.

+ i2
vo 2Ω 8Ω
−
3Ω 3A
12 V +
− i1
1Ω vo 2Ω

io 4Ω i3 + 2vo
−
2Ω 2io + 27 V
−

Figure 3.97
For Prob. 3.52.
Figure 3.94
For Prob. 3.49.
3.53 Find the mesh currents in the circuit of Fig. 3.98
using MATLAB.

2 kΩ
3.50 Use mesh analysis to find the current io in the circuit
of Fig. 3.95.
I5
6 kΩ 8 kΩ

io
I3 8 kΩ I4 3 mA
1 kΩ 4 kΩ
4Ω 2Ω
10 Ω
8Ω
12 V +
−
I1 3 kΩ I2
35 V +
− 3io

Figure 3.95 Figure 3.98

For Prob. 3.50. For Prob. 3.53.
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122 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.54 Find the mesh currents i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit in 3.58 Find i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit of Fig. 3.103.
Fig. 3.99.
30 Ω

1 kΩ 1 kΩ 1 kΩ i2
10 Ω
1 kΩ
10 Ω
+ i1 i2 1Ω i3 –
12 V + 12 V
– + i1 i3
10 V – + 120 V
30 Ω − 30 Ω
Figure 3.99
For Prob. 3.54.
Figure 3.103
*3.55 In the circuit of Fig. 3.100, solve for I1, I2, and I3. For Prob. 3.58.

3.59 Rework Prob. 3.30 using mesh analysis.

10 V
+−
6Ω
I1 3.60 Calculate the power dissipated in each resistor in the
1A
I3
circuit of Fig. 3.104.
4A 2Ω
12 Ω 4Ω 0.5io
I2

+− 4Ω 8Ω
8V
io
Figure 3.100
For Prob. 3.55. 1Ω + 56 V 2Ω
−

3.56 Determine v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.101.

Figure 3.104
For Prob. 3.60.
2Ω
+ v1 −
2Ω 2Ω 3.61 Calculate the current gain iois in the circuit of
Fig. 3.105.
+
v2 20 Ω 10 Ω
12 V +
− 2Ω 2Ω
− io
+
is vo 30 Ω – 5vo 40 Ω
+
Figure 3.101 −
For Prob. 3.56.

3.57 In the circuit of Fig. 3.102, find the values of R, V1, Figure 3.105
For Prob. 3.61.
and V2 given that io  15 mA.

io
3.62 Find the mesh currents i1, i2, and i3 in the network of
+
Fig. 3.106.
R 3 kΩ V1
−
4 kΩ 8 kΩ 2 kΩ
+
90 V − +
4 kΩ V2 100 V + i1 4 mA i2 2i1 i3 + 40 V
− −
−

Figure 3.102 Figure 3.106

For Prob. 3.57. For Prob. 3.62.
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Problems 123

3.63 Find vx and ix in the circuit shown in Fig. 3.107. 3.66 Write a set of mesh equations for the circuit in
Fig. 3.110. Use MATLAB to determine the mesh
ix
currents.
10 Ω
10 Ω 10 Ω
vx
3A 5Ω
4
50 V +
− 8Ω 4Ω 8Ω
+ i1 i2
vx 2Ω + 4ix
− + + +
− 12 V − 6Ω − 24 V − 40 V

Figure 3.107 2Ω 2Ω 6Ω
For Prob. 3.63. 8Ω 8Ω
i3 4Ω i4 4Ω i5
+ +
30 V − 32 V
−

Figure 3.110
For Prob. 3.66.

Section 3.6 Nodal and Mesh Analyses

3.64 Find vo and io in the circuit of Fig. 3.108. by Inspection
3.67 Obtain the node-voltage equations for the circuit in
50 Ω 10 Ω
Fig. 3.111 by inspection. Then solve for Vo.
io + vo −
+ 5A
10 Ω − 4io

250 V +
− 40 Ω
4Ω 2Ω

0.2vo 5A + Vo −

3Vo 10 Ω 5Ω 10 A
Figure 3.108
For Prob. 3.64.

Figure 3.111
For Prob. 3.67.

3.68 Using Fig. 3.112, design a problem, to solve for Vo,

to help other students better understand nodal
3.65 Use MATLAB to solve for the mesh currents in the analysis. Try your best to come up with values to
circuit of Fig. 3.109. make the calculations easier.

6V 10 V I2
3Ω 4Ω
−+ −+

i4 2Ω i5 R2 R3
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

+
5Ω 6Ω + V
6Ω I1 R1 Vo R4
i1 i2 8Ω i3 − 1
+ − −
12 V − + 9V

Figure 3.109 Figure 3.112

For Prob. 3.65. For Prob. 3.68.