IXvJJ

T GUIDE TO

ALEDONIA
 POCKET GUIDE TO

NEW CALEDONIA
For use of Military Fcrsonnel only. Not to

be Tf published, in whole or in part, without

the consent of the War Department.

^ONDREN LIBRARY
S^^th.rn Nietkodht
U.lvarsity
DALLAS, TEXAS

Prtpartd hy

SPECIAL SERVICE DIVtSrON, ARMY SERVICE FORCES

UNITED STATES ARMV C WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS
WASHINGTON, D. C.
 A SHORT GUIDE TO

NEW CALEDONIA
CONTENTS
Introduction i

Meet Our Allies 6

Getting Along in New Caledonia 14

"The French Australia" 25

Miscellaneous Information 37
Hints on Speaking French 40

List of Most Useful Words and Phrases 43

Additional Words and Phrases 49
Special Notes on New Caledonia 57

.1 Sfxjr/sni nil's I'liiuJuc

 INTRODUCTION
YOU and your outfit have come to New Caledonia not
only as friends to help guard the strategic interest of the
United Nations in a distant and vital corner of the world,
iiiit virtually as discoverers.
This island of the Free French has been the home of
Frenchmen for more than a century, but few Americans
have been there, and fevif know anything about it. This
guidebook now in your hand is the first guide of any
kind ever published to inform Americans on New Cale-
donia. Its purpose is you to the country and
to introduce
facilitate your learning more about a people whose love of

freedom is as great as our own. If you are an alert sol-

dier, the lime should come quickly when you know more

1
about the country than is to be found in the guidebook. enemy. They believe that they are the best soldiers in the

That should be your aim. Your amount ac-

efficiency will Pacific, When men think that way, so they are.
cording to the accuracy of your information. The more The New Caledonia natives are your loyal comrades in

you learn of New Caledonia, the better you discharge your arms. Some of them are wearing the uniform of your
duty as an American. country, wearing it proudly, and speaking eagerly of
The position of this island is of great importance to the themselves as American forces. They have become asso-
security of our country. One glance at the map will tell ciated with our arms to serve as guides and service corps
you why. To win the war, we must keep the freedom of troops. The American troops in New Caledonia wear
the seas and continue the movement of our lighting ma- khaki. The New C'aledonia natives (and this term will be
terials to our allies and to our own forces. New Cale- used throughout the guide to designate the original in-
donia stands guard over the Pacific lifeline which joins habitants) who are serving with us ask for a modified

oiir strength with Australia and with the Dutch who still t). 1). uniform because they do not like the feel of cotton.

give battle to the enemy in some of the islands of the East For the first 2 years after the fall of France the New Cal-

Indies. edonia natives took less than a moderate interest in the

You are fortunate that this island is to be your station war. Then with the forming of forces for the Corai Sea
for the time being. New Caledonia is the only island in battle the whole issue in the Southwest Pacific became
the western South Seas which is wholly free of fever. The clouded by doubt, and they flocked to our colors by the
public health problems are minor. If you take care of scores because they were ready to fight. Some of these

yourself, you will thrive on the island, and will find your- dark-skinned men are warriors who have won decorations
selfamong friends. The trail has been well blazed for on the battlefields of France during the First World War.
you. The conduct of your fellow soldiers in New Cale- Mutual respect between you will develop naturally.
donia has been good. They have not only adjusted them- Three flags now fly over New Caledonia— the tricolor
selves easily to their situation but have won the respect of the old French Republic, the Lorraine Cross, symbol of

and admiration of the New Caledonians. The men of the the Fighting French, and the Stars and Stripes, which

New Caledonia command are anxious to get at the will continue to command the esteem of the New Cale-

z
 NEW
CALEDONIA

It-
C oKato ^
LlfLM

T%^^i
Mineral Treasure- House. There's another mighty impor- Hitler. Likewise, they are
tant reason why New Caledonia must be held. For its
strong for one another.
size — acre for acre, mile for mile — it has the richest min- New Caledonia is remark-
eral resources of any country in the world — nickel, chro- ably free from race prej-
mitc, cobalt, and iron. magic words in this
Those are udices. The Caledonians
man's war. Jf Japan could get her hands on those min- don't ask what a man looks
erals, some of her supply worries would be eased. If we like. They ask: "What can
—
should lose them it might mean shortages for some of he do?" It is a good ques-
our most vital war industries back home. Many an Amer- tion.
ican plane and munitions factory is dependent today on We and the New Cale-
nickel and chrome from New Caledonia. donians have a common
That's the chance the initiative of the New ("aledonians cause. We are fighting to-

has given us —and the great responsibility. When you get gether agamst the so-called
to New Caledonia, you will find that your fellow Ameri- "new order" of Hitler and
cans have great admiration for what the islanders have Hirohito in all its brutal
tlone in the war. By their courage in the face of danger forms. BUT, there are a
they have already saved us from serious military defeat lot of small differences between us. With your consistent

and have thrown a monkey wrench into the Japs' ma- help these items can be ininimized and the solidification

chinery. of our Pacific front can be continued.

MEET OUR ALLIES You will want to know what kind of people you are
going to meet. New Caledonia is a very thinly populated
IT'S a little misleading to speak of our New Caledonian
country. For example, although the colony is a little
allies as one people. Really they are several peoples to-
larger than New Jersey in square miles, it has only
gether —though you will find they are equally friendly,
6r,ooo people — an American football stadium would hold
equally strong for our side and against the Japanese and them all —as compared with New Jersey's 4,000,000.

:i
 our country. Some have traveled back and forth to France
By American standards, the island cannot be called fer- tpiite a bit, the majority fee! deeply rooted in New Cale-
tile. One-third or more of the total area is too rugged or donia, They speak French and follow the Roman Catho-
harren to be of any economic use. Back of the beach the lic faith, in the majority. There is also a considerable
flat lands are apt to be swampy. Thousands of acres in the Protestant group.
river valleys, however, are suited to agriculture. Some metropolitan I'renchmcn from Paris may tend to
lookdown on the Frenchman from New Caledonia as
The French. There arc four major groups of people mak- being an isolated "colonial" but the latter more often a
is

ing up New Caledonia's [wpulation. The largest group more practical and democratic person than the man from
are the Eurojwans —
meaning inostly French who are — France.
about a third of the total population. This is the largest
white population of any single South Pacific island. The Natives. The second
largest group of people in the
Here are a few things you should know about them. island are the native Kanakas (kah-nah-kas). These are a
First, they are not "colonists," in the accepted sense of brown-skinned people of mixed Melanesian and Polyne-
the word among people of the South Sea islands. Instead, sian origin, whose ancestors were the original New Cale-
the French in .New (!!aledonia consider that the island is donians. Ciraccful and fond of singing, they are a checr-
their home. They like to lie called Caledonians. In this lul, happy-go-lucky lot. And yet many of their best men
respect they are something like the Australians across the volunteered for the Free French forces and arc now serv-
Coral Sea. Allowing for differences in language, religion, ing in far parts of the world.
and custom, you will find among the French in New It is something of a problem what to call these people.
Caledonia some of the same hearty friendliness and in- I'rench writers have referred to them as indigines (na-
dependence that characterizes the Australians — who, in tives) orCanaques (from the Polynesian word "kanaka"
turn, are frequentlycompared to westerners in America. meaning "man"). However, they dislike the term Ca-
The French you meet are for the most part farmers,
will naque, and it should not be used. The people have no gen-
shopkeepers, businessmen, and government employees. eral name for themselves other than that of their district
Externally they are much like corresponding people in

8
or village
—"East Coast People," "Gomo People," and so strong. That is the way we have found them. They are
on. When you are dealing with a man, however, it is doing much hard work for us.

quite all right to call him "boy," as this is a widely used Most of the New Caledonia natives today are coming
term around the islands. The people are accustomed to it. to some form of European dress. There is one unusual
The New Caledonia natives compose many small tribes, —
sight you will see about half of them have reddish or
and still retain a strong community loyalty. Up to a few orange-colored hair. This is not a freak of nature but is
years ago most of the tribesmen spoke only their native caused by rubbing lime, once used to kill parasites, into

tongue, hut today many are beginning to speak a "pidgin the roots of the hair. The custom is still followed as a
form of French. The children go to little church schools means of tribal adornment.
in the native villages and s[>eak quite good French. Today nearly every baby is baptized imo the Christian
Since American troops began to arrive and the men be- faith, and nature worship and spirit worship are dying

gan to serve with our many

forces, of them have picked out. But some of the old beliefs still persist. One belief is
up English phrases. Those who are in our military serv- that every person is inhabited by a spirit, or ^o, which
ices are accustomed to taking orders in English. goes travelling while the human body is asleep. If a man
Some of the Europeans will tell you that the native —
should be awakened suddenly so the belief is the ^O —
islanders are lazy. Perhaps, but there are two ways of might not have time to get back into its body and would
looking at it. In New Caledonia the climate is pleasant get even by going around causing trouble. So the people
and without any great extremes. Fish, game, and other believea man should be allowed to sleep until he
foods are easy to get. The island is sparsely setded, with wakes up of his own accord. It is a point of view with
room for all. So when white men wanted to hire the New which any man who has to stand reveille can have full
Caledonia natives for hard labor in the mines, they re- sympathy. In any event, be careful about waking natives.
plied they were getting along all right the way they were
and didn't want hard labor. Nevertheless, if you can get Javanese and Tonkinese. Because the native New Caledo-
their interest, or show them that it is to their own advan- nians could not be interested in working in the mines, the
tage to work or fight you will find them witling and mine owners iinported labor from other parts of the Pa-

TO It
 U^'Wa
T
from more crowded lands wKere it was difficult to
lific, nese are Moslems. At home they have been brought up to

make a living. About u.ooo of these laborers are in the be highly disciplined, very [x>litc, and respectful of au-

island according to latest available figures. They are usu- thority. The French regard the Javanese as intelligent
ally imported on 3-year contracts. Some of the laborers workers, but trigger-tem[)ered.
renew and eventually become permanent
their contracts The Tonkinese are from the Tonkin region of Indo-

residents of the country. About two-thirds of the laborers china, and are similar to the Chinese in appearance and
are Javanese, from Java, and one-third Tonkinese, from customs. They also are regarded as reliable workers, and
French Indochina, many of them are hne artisans in metal and wood. In
Some Javanese women work in the mines along with religion, the Tonkinese may be Confucian, Taoisi, or
the men, hut most of them do not like it and prefer do- Kuddhist, since all three religions are followed in their

mestic service. Almost every white family in the island homeland.

has a Javanese servant. You can usually recognize the
Javanese women by their gaily colored sarongs — not quite Japanese. The fourth major group in New Caledonia,

like Dorothy Lamour's, but more like a skirt, with a until Pearl Harbor, were the Japanese. There were about

blouse covering the upper part of the body. The Java- r.ioo on the island. The day after I^earl Harbor, General

12
13
(k- Gaulle declared war on Japan and the Japanese were The French set great value on being polite. A smile and
taken under government control for their own safety. a salute or a friendly courtesy will go a long way in New
All of them have been evacuated to Australia. Caledonia as elsewhere.

In addition to these four main groups of peoples there Most of the French in the island are devout and quite
arc also scatterings of other Europeans and Australians, conservative in their personal lives. They are family peo-
and the "half-castes." These are the offspring of whites ple and you will find that they have a rather strict moral
and native New (Caledonians. It is not unusual here, as in code. In some families it would not lie considered proper
other parts of the world, to find marriages between for a girl to go out on a date unless accompanied by her
F.urof^icahs and the aborigines. Some of the half-castes parents or a chaperone. Our troops understand these cus-
mingle socially with the French. toms and respect them. They are not molesters of women.
In dealing with the native New Caledonians, the Java-
GETTING ALONG IN NEW CALEDONIA nese, and Tonkincse, it is well to be a litde on your dig-
THE best way to get along in New Caledonia is to be nity. Be friendly but a little restrained.

friendly, courteous, and considerate. Above all, respect Most of the natives are devout Catholics, and the priest,
other people's customs and their privacy. You are not go- who is called a padrf (FAH-dray), is a very important
ing to New Caledonia to change the people or their ways. man. You will find missions in the most remote districts.
There are also many nuns who teach the native children
Customs Are Inrportant. Manners and customs are the first and hold them to a strict moral code. In general, the more
thing to learn when you are in a strange country. Fortu- isolated the native village, the stricter you will find the
nately, New Caledonia is comparatively free from reli- [Tcople, though as said before, they are likely to cling to

gious taboos which make it difficult for the visitor to get their native beliefs. They are afraid of the dark and keep
along in manycountries. But there arc a few things you fires and burning at night to keep the devil away.
light
will want know. For example, the siesta hour is ob-
to If seem funny to you, reflect on whether you
these beliefs
served rigidly throughout New Caledonia and all shops have known an American or two who was afraid to go
jmd offices are closed tight for a few hours at midday. home in the dark.

14 15
 ported from Australia; it is not especially good beer. Such
Ainong the Javanese and Tonkinese you will find al!
wine as is to be found is now imported from California.
sorts of religious customs, festivals and observances. The
Of an orange syrup
soft drinks, there are a few: citron,
important thing is never to laugh or interfere. Learning
cut with water, lemon pop and banana pop. Ice is hard to
about these things is a part of your new life. As a student
get, there being only two small plants on the island, with
o( New Caledonia, you will of course approach the land
a plentiful demand for their product.
and its people with respect, as your comrades already
there have done.
Nearly all the native New Caledonians live in vil-

lages, called tnl>a (tree-boo). They are generally found

There is no probhin of haggling or bargaining with
in the river valleys, hut some are deep in the mountains.
the natives to be considered. For one thing, the island has
not been frequented by tourists and there are almost no
The old-style native hut — now rare — is a cone-shaped
ihatch-roofed affair looking something like a tall beehive.
native souvenirs for sale. For another, the whole economic
'I'hemore common dwellitig today, encouraged by the
system of the island is now stabilized by price-fixing,
government for reasons of public health, is a rectangular
which is even more rigid than in your own country.
cottiige with tin, bark, or thatch roof. The walls are made
In normal times the French in New Caledonia live a
of wattle and mud, usually painted in bright colors. Woven
great deal as we do at home. These are not normal times.
mats arc used as bedding, and the cooking fire is an open
The stores in Noumea and the other cities are running on
hearth on the earth floor. CJenerally, the villages are tidy
the ragged edge because of a lack of imports. Such prod-
and surrounded by flowers, (n the hills you will still see
ucts as they have are needed by the native population.
It isn't honest poker for an American soldier to compete
the native costume — now also partly European zed i

which consists, for men, of a shirt and a cotton waist-

with them when most of his needs can be supplied at the
cloth, often brightly colored, called a manou (man-oo).
army canteen.
The women wear mostly the "Mother Hubbard," intror
Liquors of all kinds are extremely scarce. As in peace-
dueed into the South Seas by the missionaries. It is a
tunes, the native population was accustomed to the tradi-
loose cotton dress falling below the knee with elbow
tional French wines, the scarcity is a greater hardship on
length sleeves. The people are fond of bright decorations
them than on the American soldier. A little beer is im-
17
16
 have a petit dejeuner (puh-TEE day-zhuh-NAY), or "little

breakfast," usually consisting of coffee and a roll. Then

comes dejeuner (day-zhuh-NAY), an early lunch. And
finally diner (DEE-NAY), themain meal. They drink a
great deal of coffee (some is grown on the island) and use
rum and light wines in moderation. Despite the shortage
of liquor, the New Caledonians retain their rigid ideas
about the use of it. It is a social sin to get drunk, and it

is a jail offense to give liquor to a native.

On the whole, the food eaten by the French is not
greatly different from ours. One of the rarities of the
and colors and when they are in mood
on wreaths of flowers and leaves,
a festive they put
strings of beads, copper
island fare is rousette saute — flying fox—which tastes like
chicken giblets. The native New Caledonians live largely
wire, tin bottle tops, or anything else that appeals to them.
oil native products of the country. The Tonkinese and
They decorate their ankles, knees, wrists, and arms as
Jr.vanese, however, follow their own customs of cooking
and waists.
well as their necks
and eating. Rice is their staple food, garnished with fish
Around the mines and plantations you will find the and vegetable sauces. Though beef cattle are plentiful
laborers —
the Javanese and Tonkinese. Dormitories are
and thousands of head live in a wild state in the interior
provided, but many of the Laborers prefer to build their
of the island, the natives prefer potted meats. Some
own little huts of bark and lumber. There are plenty of
mutton isimported from Australia,
children. Outside of work hours, these people keep to
The war has impoverished the island in some ways.
themselves and carry on their own ways of living much
The people are wearing shabbier clothing. As their men
the same as in their home countries.
may be away at war, there is a likelihood that the table
Eating and Drinking. The French have somewhat different fare will be neither as plentiful nor as varied as in normal
customs of eating than our own. In the morning they times. New Caledonians are normally hospitable, and

18 19
willing to share what they have with strangers. Now, But the best sports are hunting and fishing, and
they can't afford it. Your way of expressing your sympa- American doing duty in New Caledonia are
soldiers
thetic understanding of their situation is to refrain from finding it a game paradise. Deer are so plentiful that
boasting about the abundance and quality of your own they are regarded as a pest, and may be found grazing
chow. with the cattle. In one year, more than 120,000 hides were
In a sparsely inhabited land such as Caledonia you are exported from the island. Soldiers are given as much
not going to find many bright lights. Hut there are liberty as they wish to hunt these animals with govcrn-
movies. Noumea has three picture houses which are co- jnent ammunition. It is good, live target practice, prepara-
operating with Army Motion Picture Service so that now tory to the quest for bigger gatne of the kind that all

they are showing the latest Hollywood productions at soldiers arc talking about. But for safety's sake, it is

about the same time they are making their first apjK-ar- necessary to enforce the local rule that deer shall not be
ance on Broadway. Your Army is getting these produc- shot in camp, and it is custom to move rille-shot distance
tions to New Caledonia as fast as possible. But unfortu- away from any troops before shooting at deer.
nately the capacities of the Noumea theaters arc too small There is no closed sea.son on deer, or on wild pigeons,
to meet the dematid adequately. which are plentiful, or on wild duck, which are slightly
War has interfered with horse racing which used to he less so. The only limitation is a shortage of shotgun am-

a popular sport in the island. Baseball is being introduced, munition in the outfits. Soldiers arc encouraged to roam
limited only by the lack of adequate flat spaces elsewhere far afield either while hunting, or in mountaitt-climbing
than near the beaches. The New Caledonians are begin- which in New Caledonia is a first-class way to get legged
ning to take to our national pastiming but there is no up. Some of our troops have traversed the island in casual
native phrase for "kill the umpire." parties, and explored nearly every corner of the hinter-
There arc numerous bathing beaches, and the water land. It is worth the doing because the scene is one of

feels fine.The best one is Anse Vata near Noumea be- rugged grandeur. The mountains are bold, rather barren
cause it is protected and therefore shark -proof. At the and precipitous. The passes through them — there being
other [teaches, the m.in-eaters are a hazard to swimmers, three main routes from one side of the island to the

20 21
other —follow the courses of the mountain streams. The abound in caves under the coral reefs. At low tide the
mountain highways are suitable for trucks, and the hik- fishermen go to the reefs in bathing trunks, with shoes
ing may be either relatively easy or extremely difficult, as to protect their feet from the sharp coral, goggles, and
one chooses. The interior is considered perfectly safe for gloves to protect their hands from the lobsters. The bait
our forces. is a dead squid on a pole. The squid is dangled in front
In New Caledonia our troops are gathering oysters ofi of the cave. When the lobsters see the squid they lose
trees to garnish the company mess. There are no better all powermove. Another fisherman goes into the pool,
to
oysters in the world. They cling to the roots of the man- with goggles and gloves, and catches them by hand.
grove in the tidal rivers, and a hungry soldier comes Smaller shovel-nosed lobsters, confronted with the squid,
along, pulls the root up, and cats several dozen on the throw themselves out of the water onto the reefs, where
half shell.Clams are plentiful in the rocks of the small ihcy can be picked up by hand. Both varieties of lobster,
islands in the numerous bays and harbors, and motor though somewhat foolish, are very good eating.
launch parties may eat their fill on the spot, or take ,a One last word on wildlife: If you see a small bird
supply back to the camp for chowder. Said an American hopping along the countryside but never taking oS, give
army captain; "There is no better fishing anywhere than him a few kind words. The kagu, called the national
along the coast of New Caledonia," The most succulent bird of New Caledonia, can't fiy and is therefore becom-
specimen is a fish not unlike our own red snapper which ing extinct in an era which has little tolerarjce for forces
the French call loche saumone, and another popular which won't take to wings. All might still be well with
variety is akin to the sea bass found along our own the kagu if he had studied the lessons of this military age.
coast. In September some of the large fish become con-
taminated by the coral and if eaten will produce a bad News Readini.
anit There are plenty of radio sets on ilic
skin irritation. The native fishermen will help you identify island, and reception is unusually good of short-wave
them. broadcasts from Australia and California. Noumea, at
One sport the New Caledonians enjoy is luring the last reports, had two small newspapers. Since the fall of

large spiney lobsters with dead squid. These lobsters France, however, the people have been short of reading

22 23
material in their native language. They are hkely to wel- "THE FRENCH AUSTRALIA"
come any reading matter, even in English, chat you can
TRAV^ELERS who have visited New Caledonia usually
pass on to them. Your Army magazine, "YANK," being
say that it is more like Australia in climate and living
an illustrated weekly, will be especially appreciated by
them.
conditions than it is like the South Sea Islands as wc
usually think of them. Other visitors have likened it to

Language. In addition to the official French — that of southern California. The vegetation is in some respects

European France—a simplified form of pidgin French comparable. Three kinds of local trees will catch your
is usetl by some groups. This is a short-cut language. eye. The low niaouli (nee-ow-lee), also called the paper
If the natives can pick it up, you can. A helpful list of bark, is related to the Australian eucalyptus and yields a
words and phrases in regular French will be found at the medicinal essence. The kauri (cow-ree) is in demand for
end of this guide. You will also hear a little pidgin Eng- lumber and the slender Captain Cook pine, which grows
lish, such as is used in the Pacific islands further northwest. nowhere else in the world, is something like our tania-
This will be even easier to pick up. raek. You will realize the climate never really gets cold
when you see the coconut trees which thickly fringe the
.shores. Their fruit provides a delicious natural drink.
However, New Caledonia is a subtropical rather than a
tropical and you will not encounter the extreme
island
beat, humidity,dangerous animals, insect pests, or fevers
that make life so difficult in the real tropics. There is,
however, one native tree, thin-barked and oozing a very
black gum, which affects the skin like [wison ivy,
Nevv Caledonia is roughly 250 miles long farther than —
New York to Washington by about 30 wide, with a—
total area of around 8,000 square miles. It lies 750 miles

25
from Australia, goo from New Zealand, 6,500 from Call, tjp. In these mountains are found New Caledonia's rich
fornia, and 8,000 from the Panama Canal. mineral resources. Somebody has called the island a solid
Take a look at the map in the center of this guide. block of metal.
Near up the west
the southern tip of the island, slightly One of the odd topographical features of New Cale-
coast, lies the capital and principal port, Noumea, with donia which you will notice are the hillocks of shell

a pre-war population of around 2,000, a little more than

1 scattered over many parts of the island adjacent to the
half of them whites. Noumea has a landlocked harbor, seashore. Like the "kitchen middens" of Florida, they are
one of the finest in the South Seas. It was also a pre-war the accumulation of hundreds of years during which the
air base of Pan-American Airways (which the New island was used as a feasting ground. Bleached human •

Caledonians call "Panair") on the San Francisco to New bones and skulls can sometimes be found in the debris

Zealand ruiv. It also has the island's principal nickel- of these hillocks — suggesting a gruesome explanation of
smelting plant. the feasting.
Most of the other towns and villages of any size are Because the prevailing trade winds are from the east,

also located on the coasts, and many of them have fine the eastern slope of the mountains receives more rainfall

though undeveloped harbors. The island is fairly well than the western. On this slope the forests are particularly

surrounded by a barrier reef of coral, i to to miles off dense. Tree ferns sometimes grow to a height of 60 feet.

shore, which gives natural protection against invasion;

but this reef is broken at places, which means that cer- Climate. The thermometer rarely goes above 90 degrees
tain points on the coast require alert watching. Down the at any time, or below 60. At Noumea the average mean
cx'ntcr of the island runs the principal mountain range, temperature in January and February (summer in New
something like our own Teton range, hut with magnifi- Caledonia) is 86 degrees. In July and August (winter)
cent views of the ocean. Wherever the eye roves in New it is 75 degrees. Normally, Noumea has about 43 inches
Caledonia, it meets mountain peaks and their slopes come of rainfall a year and 131 rainy or partially rainy days out
right down to the sea. The highest mountain is Mount of the 365. Most of the rain falls between February and
Hum bolt, 5,361 feet above sea level, near the southern April. From August through October is the dryest lime.

28 27
 180°

MIDWAY

PA CIIFI lAWAIIAN I':

I/IAHSHALL
I-;.
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CAROLINE IS.

CHRISTMAS
-cquQior-

S^^*fj-^r V SOLOMON
mrm '5.
Q o; £i/\ /V MARODESAS

Marasby
SOCIETY
COff/li
MEBP.iDCS
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PlTCAIRN
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NEW
TA'-SMANIA ZEALAND
 About the only drawbacks to the climate are the tropi- too, make their living by hunting deer and selling their
cal hurricanes, of which there are about three a year, hides to the Australian market. To save gunpowder and
usually between December and April. They are usually cartridges, this hunting is often done by highly trained
brief, but can do a lot of damage in a short time. Some- dogs, which run the deer into fxinds or into the sea ivhere
times torrents of water come down the rivers and destroy they can be caught and dispatched with a knife.
roads and isolate whole communities. Lately New Cale- Mining and other forms of industry have been greatly
donia has had "unusual" weather. For 4 years there has war by the introduction of additional
intensified since the
been little rain but bivouac commanders must still take machinery. You will sec signs of activity on every hand.
care not to make camp in dry washes. Nickel is mined in huge open pits in much the same way
that we mine copper in Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Agriculture and Industry. Although pans of New Cale- Chrome is mined underground in the region of Tiebaghi
donia are very fertile, particularly the river valleys, you Mountain whence comes 8 percent of the world supply.
will find that agriculture is somewhat backward, though There is also an inexhaustible amount oi chromite in the
improvements have been made in recent years. Coffee is sands along New Caledonia's beaches, and as fast as the
the principal crop. Coconut products come next. The chief sand dug out and treated, the sea washes more up
is

domestic animals are the oxen. On the slopes of the again. A typical chrome plant consists of ordinary tip-
mountains are large plantations and ranches where catde trolleys and a grooved steel washing table. The beach

are raised. sand is shoveled into trucks and rolled along to the
New Caledonia tried at one time to capture the Orien- grooved table where the chrome is separated from the
tal market on beef but missed and the cattle industry has sand by the simple process of agitating the table under
proved a financial failure. The forests, however, yield flowing water. The lighter sand is floated off, leaving 55

some wealth. Many fruits, such as lemons and papayas, i>ercent pure chrome on the table.

grow wild. There are also banana plantations but not New Caledonia has some short lengths of narrow-
more than enough fruit to provide for the local popula- gauge railroad, but visitors say it is kindest not to men-
tion. Some of the native New Caledonians and French tion them. Most transportation today is by the roads.

31
History and Government. The great English explorer, Cap- as President, and aided by the necessary Government
tiiin Cook, first sigh ltd the island in 1774. Its mountain- officials, called fonctionnaires, (iavi k-si-a%-NEHR).
ous appearance reminded him of the Scottish coast, so Each general district outside Noumea is supervised by
he gave it the name of New Caledonia —Caledonia being what the French gendarme (zhah-DARM), a com-
call a
the Latin word for Scotland. In 1853 the French took bined police officer and administrator. The gendarme
control and it has been a French colony ever since, to- holds the rank of sergeant in the French army and is
gether with such nearby smaller islands as the Loyalty saluted by soldiers in the local force. He usually makes
group and the Isle of Pines, the rounds of his district by motorcycle. All mining com-
Previous to the war its Ciovernor was also the French panies and plantations, for example, arc supposed to pay
High Commissioner of the Western Pacific, with control wages to their laborers in the presence of the gendarme,
of all the French island colonies over thousands of miles. to avoid later disputes. He also looks after the affairs of
Before the war, the Governor was assisted by a General the native Caledonians. In Noumea there arc special local
Council of 7<5 New Caledonian citizens, as well as by a pwlice.These should not be confused with the gendarmes.
Privy Council of his own department
was the heads. It If New Caledonian leaves his tribe, gets a new
a native
CJeneral Council which, in 1940, voted unanimously to job or wishes to move his family, he must first get per-
join the Free French movement, supported by practically mission from the gendarme. Result: There is no love lost
the whole populace, French and native, and thus join the between them.
United Nations.
The present Governor
is appointed by General de Sanitary Conditions. On the whole, you will find New
Gaulle, and is by a single council of 12 citizens.
assisted Caledonia a healthy place to be, if you observe a few
Noumea has a separate municipal administration to simple rules.
carry on its local affairs. The mayor is appointed by the New
Caledonian mosquitoes are very annoying, so you
(Jovernor and is advised by an elected municipal council. had better take good care of your mosquito net. The
The other main settlements are governed by elected mu- giant cockroaches may startle you and also the giant
nicipal commissions, each under a prominent local person lizards, which grow to be a foot or more long. They

32 33
look fierce but are entirely harmless. There are no land ture eating grass in New Caledonia, don't shoot! It may
snakes. be the corporal.
Your main dangers arc in the sea, and here you do —
There are two sources of infection drinking impure
have to be somewhat careful. Never fool with a snake water and eating uncooked vegetables. The Noumea
in the water if you happen on one, as you are likely to water has been approved by American health authorities.
do near the little islands oflshorc. The sea moccasin Even so, it is wisest to follow the e>:ample of local people
which is something like our water moccasin, is the and always use bottled or boiled water, or safer yet,
familiar danger. There is some argument about whether drink water only from out of chlorinated lister bags in
it is deadly, but no smart soldier will treat it like a buddy.
American army camps. The water in the mountain
People living in the tropics or subtropics are likely to streams (this information for the benefit of hikers in
case of an emergency) is usually pure. In the northwest
be exposed to hookworm and other intestinal parasites,
part of the island the water is said to have a high mineral
and to be bothered by dysentery. To check this latter
ailment, the natives cat a certain grass which is called content which is likely to keep a soldier doing a marathon
"dysentery grass" and is supposed to have a herbaceous to the rear.So drink easy!
effect. Our troops Another small precaution; it is wisest to wear shoes
have made not a few when you walk on coral and keep away from it while
noble experiments swimming. Cuts from coral can become badly infected.
with this particular Skin infections are common and there is some leprosy.
variety of and hay, Known lepers have been carefully segregated in one sec-
up to nobody
date tor of the island: There is a high rate of venereal disease

has been hurt, though with the worst infection among the favanese women.
the record is confused Venereal diseases were not known in the Pacific islands

as to whether any- before the coming of the white man although there was

body has been helped. a mild equivalent called "yaws" which is still prevalent

So if you see a crea- among the native peoples. In modern times syphillis and

34 35
 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Money. New Calcdoaia has already shifted to a local cur-
rency system. The local currency has been pegged at 43

Noumea (
paper) francs to the dollar. There is very little

metalmoney or token coinage remaining on the island.

The money units are the jranc (FRAH) and the centime
(one hundredth part of a franc; pronounced "sah-
TEEM"). There are paper notes of five, twenty, one
hundred, and five hundred franc denominations. The coin
values are:

5 ccntiiiics tcoptX'r)=a little over A U. S. cent (often called

a sou}.
10 centimes (copper )=a Unle over ',4 U S. cent.

25 ceniimcs (silver) =a little over Vi U, S. cent.

50 centimes (silvcr)=a little over i U. S, cent.
I franc (silver) =a litllc over 2 U. S. cents.

3 francs (silver) =a little over 4 U. S. cents.

gonorrhea have been spreading, especially by way of the You are also likely to come up against Australian
ports and the laborers" quarters. Our troops have learned money in this region. The Australian pound (£A) is
not to take chances. officially set at three-quarters of the value of the British
Throughout New Caledonia toilet facilities are very pound At the
sterling (£). latest reckoning, one £A is

primitive by our standards. This is even true in the town worth somewhat over ^ U. S. dollars. The Australian
of Noumea. No closed-in sewerage system exists any-
where in New Caledonia, Take precautions against pos-
sible infections.

36
money units are as follows: the pound, which equals 20 Weights and Measures. In New Caledonia, the French
shillings, or about U. S, $3.20; the shilling, which equals metric system is used in reckoning distances and other
12 pennici or pence, about U. S. 16 cents; two and six- measures. This is as follows;
pence or halfcrown; the penny, worth about I'/j cents.
Lengtht
The Australians use English-type coins and notes. The
coins are the half-penny (hayp'nce); penny; threepence 1 kilometer^about six-icnlhs miles.
I inclcr=about jg inches.
(thruppence); sixpence; shilling; two shillings, or florin.
I ccmimclcr^ about four-tcnihs of an Inch.
The notes are worth 10 shillings, pound, 5 pounds,
i
I m 11 limcticr= about a twfnty-fiflh of an inch.
and ro pounds.
Wallht*

Time. The calendar and method of telling time follow ! metric ton= 2204.62 poundii.

French customs. The following are the days of the week: I tiuintal^ 220.46 pounds.
kilogramme, or kilo=two and a fifth pounds (2.204(1 pounds.)
Monday is lundi; Tuesday, mardi; Wednesday, meicredi; 1

I grammc=i5.432 grains, or 0.0353 ounces.

Thursday, jeudi; Friday, i/endredi; Saturday, samedi;
and Sunday is dimancke. (See page 48-) Capacity

Official French time, as is official U. S. Army time,

I hectoUtcr — too liters=2.8j8 U. S. bushels, or
is reckoned by the European clock, which counts the 26.418 U. S. gallons.

hours after noon as 13, 14, 15, and so on, making mid- 1 liter — 6t.02 5 cubic indics= 1.0567 liquid quarts.

night 24 o'clock.
Ana
In New Caledonia, when you wake up, it is still

yesterday in the United States.At 8 a. m. on Monday in 1 heciare — 10,000 square meters=2.47i acres.
square kilomctcr=o.386i square mile.
New Caledonia, it will be 4 p. m. {Standard Time) Sun- J

day in New York and p. m. Sunday in San Francisco.

1

The time is 16 hours ahead of the eastern seaboard

(Standard Time) and 19 hours ahead of the Pacific Coast.
 HINTS ON PRONOUNCING FRENCH
will show the accented (loud) syllables in capital letters
THESE are pronunciation hints to help you in listening
and unaccented syllables in small letters. French is not as
to the French language records which have been sup-
consistent as English is about accenting the same syllabic
plied to your troop unit. They will also help you with in the same word tn every sentence. However, you will
the pronunciation of additional words and phrases given
help yourself get the "feel" of French if you speak the
in the vocabulary below, which are not included in the
part of the word louder which we write here in capital
record.
letters.
There is nothing very difficult about French except
that, as in English, many words arc not pronounced as
2. Vowels. These arc the kinds of sounds we represent
they are spelled. Therelore, the instructions and vocabu-
in English by a. e, i, a. u, ah, ay, etc. Just follow the key
lary below are not based on the written French language, below and you will have no trouble.
but are a simplified system of representing the language
as it sounds. This system contains letters for alt the
AH or ah equals the tJ in father. Examples ia GAHR (b garc)
meaning "railroad sEation.''
sounds you must make to be understood. It does not
contain letters for some of the sounds you will hear, but A or a equals a sound between the a of jai and the a al
father. Listen carefully for it on the record.
it will give you enough to get by on, both listening and
Example: ma-DAM (madame) meaning
speaking. "madam."
So that you may be able to read the familiar words
AW or aw equals the aur in law, but not so drawled. Example:
you will see, the French spelling of each word and phrase PAWR (pore) meaning "pork."
i.s given in parentheses.
AY or ay equals the ay in day, but not so drawled. Example:
Here Ar« a Few Simple Rules To Help You LAV (lait) meaning "milk,"

EE or ee equals the ee in feet. Example: deei-WEET (dix-

1, Accents. You know what the accented syllabic of a
huic) meaning "eighteen."
word is, of course. It is the syllable which is spoken
EH or eh equals the e in get. Example: SEHL (sel) meaniAg
louder than the other syllables in the same word. We "salt,"

40
41
EU or cu is like ihi- i in hirii saki with the lips rounded as (un) meaning "one." REMEMBER, EVERY TIME A
though about
layz EU
to say the
(Ics oeufs)
oo
meaning "eggs."
in hoo. Example:
WAVY LINE IS OVER A VOWEL IT MUST BE
.

PRONOUNCED THROUGH THE NOSE.

OH or oh equals the o in go, but not so drawicd. Example;
L(}H {W-Mi) meaning "water," 4, Consonants. The consonants are all the sounds that are
OO or ou equals I he oo in hooi. Enamplc: 00 (o£i) meaning not vowels. Pronounce them just as you know them in
"where." English. The only strange combination of letters you
U or u equals the I in machine said with the tips rounded as must note is the zA —
which equals the sound written s
though about to say the oo in hoo. Example: in the middle of the English word pleasure.
eh^-SKU-say MWAH (cxcustz-moi) meaning
"excuse me." LIST OF MOST USEFUL WORD* AND PHNASiS
UH or uh equals the h in hut. Example; ^a-«(/Hr (caroltes)
HERE is a list of the most useful words and phrases you
meaning "carrots!'
will need in French. You should learn these by heart.
They words and phrases included on the French
are the
3. The nose sounds. Four of the vowels above are also pro-
language records, and appear here in the order they
nounced through the nose. This is indicated by a wa%'y
occur on the records.
line over the vowel to be "nasalized" (pronounced
through the nose), like this (~). To hear what this nasal GrMtInf* and Oanwal PhraMi

pi enunciation sounds like, hold your nose and say the [ English Simplsfifd French Spelling
syllable ma (with a equalling the a in cat). You have just
Good^orning or Good day Madam ma-DAM (mad<ime)
said the French word for hand. Now hold your nose BAW ZMOOR (hoit iour) Miii—mad-mwak-ZEHL {ma-
again and say maw. You have just said the French word Good evening—B/fTr SWAHR dtmoistllc)

for my. These words would he written MA (main) and (ioB soir) Please—reef i-oo PLAY {t'ii

How you kaw-MAH vous plait)

MAW (mon). The same "through the nose" pronuncia-
TA-lay
arc
VOO
?

(comment allez- Thank yoa — MEHR-SEE

tion is given to the vowels written and UH, (Ex- AH COM/) {merei}
ample; kaw-MAH (comment) meaning "how" and UH Sir muhs-YEU (mon dear)

41
Excuse me t h \-$ K U-z a y I don't understand zhiih nuh (If you are driving and ask the distance to another town, it

MWAH (excusez-moi) KAW-PRAH pah (;* will be ^ivcn you in kilometers, not miles.)

Yes— WEE Com) comprtnds pas) Kilometer— /C£E-/oA-jWfHTR {kilometre)

No—NJJf (non) Speak ilowly, please PAR-tay
Do you understand ? ksS/ UiH-t-mdi. seel eoo PLAY One kilometer equals % of a mile.

PRUH-nay VOO (compre {parlez tenlemmt, s'ii I'ous

tiumbarm
Tiez-vous) plaii )

(You need to know the numbers]

Location
One— 1?5 (nn) Thirteen- T«£HZ {treize)

Where is 00 AY (oa est) Where is the railroad station Two— DELf {deux) Fourteen — l{a-TAWRZ {qua-

the restaurant iuh Tchs-toh- 00 AY la GAHR (oii est Thiix—TRWAH {trois) lorze)
Four KATR {ijuatrt) Fifteen—KAZ {qiiinze)
RAH (Ic reslaurant) ta gare)
Five—5AK {einq) Sixteen—JEHZ {seize)
Where restaurant?~00 iwah-LEHT
AY Itih
is the
rehs-toh-RAH (oii
the
{la
toilet

mite tie)
ia
Six SEES (six) Seventeen— dee SEHT - {dix-

Sevett—SEHT (sept) sept)

Where is tbe toilet?— 00 AY
Eighteen —
est ie restaurant)
— Eight— WEET {Atiii) WEET
deez- {dix-
the hotel I ate -T EH L ia Iw&h-LEHT {oii est la
Nine— Nt/HF {neuj) halt)
Nineteen — deez-NUHF
(Vhole!) toiiette)

Where is the hotel?— OO AY

Ten—DEE£ {dix) {dn-
Ekvcn—AWZ {onze) neiif.
law-TEHL (oii est I'Aolel)
— Twelve—DO OZ (douze) Twenty l^A {I'iiigl)
the railroad station la
CAHR {!a gare) (For "twenty-one," "thirty-one," and so on, you say "twenty and
one," and "thirty and one," hut for "twenty-two," "twenty-three"
DInctlam words "two" and
and so on, you just add the for '*three" after the

words for "twenty" and "thirty" as we do in English.)

To the right—a DRWAHT (a Show me. pki<;c-~M a'w -tray
droile) MWAH. seel t'oo PLAY Twenty-one VA-tay UH {iringt Thiny—TRAHJ {ireiiie)
To the left—a GOHSH' (a (montrex-moi, s'il voits plait.)
et an) Forty— <tB-J?'*^T (qiiarante)
gauche) Twenty-two— V^ D£U (vingt- Fifty sii-KAHT (cinqiumte)
Straight ahead too DRWAH deitx) Sijtty siva-SAHT {soixante)
{tout droit)
4S
44
 {"Seventy," "eighty," "ninety" arc said "sixty ten," "four Lamb—moo-T/W (mouton) A cup of coffee—HB TAHS dak
(wemies," and "four twenties ten.") Veal— I'OH (treait) ^a-FAY {line taste de cafe)

Seventy swa-sGh DEES {soi- Ninety — k." - neh • va - DEEi Pork—PAW k (pore) A glass of beer un VEHR diih

Xante dix) {quatre-vingt-dix) Bcd—BUHF (boeuf) bec'YEHR (im cerre de hike)

Eijjhty — \a-trvA-V, I {quatre- One hundred sAti {ceni) Milk—LAY {kit) A bottle of wine un boo-TAY
vingt) One lhousand~M£Fi. {miile) Drinking water LOH piih- diih VA {tine botiteilte de

iMlgfiaMan TABL {I'eau potable) vin)

A cup of tea ua TAHS diih Some matches d ay z
What this — i^fAj ti,tih SAY I want cigarettes xAuA voo- TAY {line taste dt the) MEHT {des dumelles)
a-lti-

(qii'esl-ce que c'esi) DKAY day iee-ga-KEHT (je

What's thal — k'hs kn/i SAY votidrai dei cigarettes) To find out how much things cost you say:
^hA SA (q«'est-ct que c'est to eat mah-ZHAY (manger) How much kaS/'bee-A {combien)
que fa) I want to cat zhuA tioo-DRAY
I want zhiiA voo-DRAY (je maft-ZHAy {je voudrai man- (The answer will be given in francs, soiit and centimes. Four
voudmi} get) centimes equal one sous, fwenly sous or one hundred centimes
some cigarettes day ste-ga- equal oJie franc)
REHT (dci cigarcllcs)
Centime s^-TEEM {centime) Franc FRAf} (franc)
FMd —
Sous 500 {sous)
BreatJ—P.? {pain) . Cabbage SHOO (cAoux)
Butter— BEl/R {beurrr) Gauliflowrer—J hoo-FLEVR Time
Soup SOOP (loape) (ehouxflcur)
What time ht—KEHL EUR
is Half past six SEES eur ay
Meat vee-ARo (oiande) Carrots ^a-RUHT (earottes)
ay-TEEL (quelle /ifHre esl- diih-MEE {six heures
Eggs tayz-EU (tes oeufs) Peas— PhA-TEE PWAH (petils
et

Vegetables lay-GUM (Ugtimes) pais)

ii?) demie)
P t a t e s pukm-duh-TEHR Salad—JB-L^D {lalade)
Two o'clock—ee/ ay DEUZ Quarter of eight — H'EET eur
(pomme de Icrre) Sugar—St/KR {mere) EUR {it est deux keures) MiVA lith KAR {Anil kernes
String bean s a-ree-KOH Salt—5EHL Uel) Ten past two DEUZ etir moins le quart)
VEHR (Aaricou verts) Pepper—PWAHVR (poiere) DEES (deux heiires dix) Three minutes to nine NUHV
Quarter past five SAK eur uS eiir MU:i TRWAH {netif
KAR (cinq heures un quart) heures moins trois)

47
 — — —— — ————— — — — ) — ———————
2 ) — )

At what hour—fl KEHL EVR the traio^K^ TRA (le train)

{a quelle fietirc) leaves PAR (pan) ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES
begins — Jiiih-MATiS {com- When docs the train leave?
mence) KEHL EUR FAR English French
a luk TRA [ \

movie hih see-nay-MA (Ic (a quelle hetire part le

cinema)
Surrnundint*— Natural Object*
train)
Whar lime does the movie yesterday— ee-YEHR (hier) ree-VAZH snow Nt'HZH neige)
bank {of river) liih la (la
sort?—a KEHL EUR h.uh- Today oh-zhoord-WEE {au- (le rii'age) sprinjj^a SOORS (la source)
MARs III a se-nay-MA (i joiird'Aiii)
— law hok— /n/i pn'l'l-DOH (le
darkness b-sl(ti-ree-TAY water
quelle henre commence le Tomoitow—dtiA-M.i {demain)
(I'obsctirile) point d'eau)
cinfma)
light—/a Ittm-YEHR (la lu- the stars—/ays tiy-TWAHL (les
Days of the Wmk miere} etoiles)
Sunday —
rfff- MARSH ( di
-
Thursda;'— ZW£t;-rffc {jeiidi) liciCti—liih-deh-ZEHR (le de- the river la reci'-YEHR (la
mancAe) Friday — VM-dniA-dee Ven- sert) riviere)
Monday—LtW-!/« (hind)) dredi)
(

field—/fi/i SHaU (!e champ) stream — Ink ru-ce-SOH (le

Tucsda y~\IAHR-uee niardi) SiluiA^y—SAM-dee (Samedi) FEU
fiTC—luh (le riiitseau
Wednesday — MEHR-l^ruA-tlee (

forest la faw-RAY
fet,)
(la forel) thv ^un Itth soh-LAY (le soletl)
{Mercredi) wind—luh VAH
grass- LEH/Jfl (Vherbe) (le vent)

the ground luk ttth-RA (le dsy—ltih ZHOOR (le jour)

Uwrul PhrsM*
tenain) day after Uimotiovt—^-PREH
What is you r name .'
-^ate- How do you say table ravine liih la-V.T (le roc/'fl) diih-MA (apres demain)
in
MAH vooz A-ptik'lay VOO French?— ^(ia!-M^'3 DE^- hill la l{au>-l^EN (la colline) da;' before yesterday a-VAHT-
{Comment ions appelez-voiis) I'Oo (table) n jraH-SAY (Com- ice CLAS (la
la glace) YEHR (aeant-hier)
My name is juh tna- ment dites-i'oiis (table) en jungle- /a BR 005 (la broiisie) evening luA SIVAHR (le soir)
PEHL (;f tn'appeUe Franfais) lake—/hA LAK (le laqiie) month luh MW
AH (le mois)
-) Goodbye — oh ruh - VWAHR the moan la Ll/N (la lime) night-/o mVEE (la unit)
(ati revoir) mountain la ^
maU'-TANyiih week —
III siiA-MEHN (la se-
(la monlagne) maine)
the ocean law say - AH — year la-NAY (I'annee)
(t'ocean Jan u^ ry — hak-nee-AY (jan vier)
48 rain la pliiEE (la, pliiie) Februa ry fay I'rce-AY (feerier
March—iW.-/W/fS (mars)
HouM and Furnltm
October—flfcj^-T/^WflR {Otto-
Apnl-^-VREEL (ami) krc) bed—/.<;5 IME (le lit) room la SH,SlBR (la cham-
Mii—MAY (mai) Novcmbir — noi-V/RBR {no- blanket—Ji! ^oo-ve/ir-TU R (la bre)
)une nhoo'A (iiiin) vemhre) cotiverttire) stairs lay -sl^al-YAY { I' e scalier )
luly—zhH'ffY.-IY (jiiiller) December — diiy-SAHBR chair la SHEHZ {la chaise) stove {cooking place) Iuh
August— 00 or 007 iaoiU) crnihrt) door—la FAWRT {la porre) PWAHL (le poele)
September—sfhp-TATlBR (stp-
house.'—/a may-ZAW (la mai- table—/a TABL {la table)
tembre)
son) toilet (or sanitary facilities)
Relfltlonihlpi
kitchen^fl liwee-ZEEN (la lii/i la-i'H-BOH (le lavabo) or
boy—/((/i gar-$.m {It gar<;an) Kirl—/fl ZHEUN FEE {jeuni- cuisine) la la-TREEN {la latrine)
brother—/j(A fREHR (/< frhr) filU) mosquito net la moos-^ee- wM—luh MUR {It mur)
•:hM~LAH-FAfi {I'enfam) m3.n—LAWM {fhomme) TAYR (la mousqtiitttire) window—^a fuh-NEHTR (la
daughief—/a FEE {la fille) mother— /a MEHR {la mrre) fenetre)
family—/a fa-MEE {la jamille) sister- ^fl SEUR {la sorur)
father—/(M PEHR {le phr) xm—liih FEES {le fill) Food and Drink— Tob«cce
husband iuh ma-REE {le mari) woman or wife la FAM (ia
— law-RAHZH
fern me)
cucumbers—^((A l^aSi-KAWBR orange
(le concombre) (I' orange)

Human Bvdy fish—/((A ptvab-SAW (ie pais- orange juice —Z H U d a iv -

arms lay BRAH {Irs bras) ton) RAHZH (jus d'orange)

hand la MA {la main)
food—/fl noo-ree-TUR nour- pipe la PEEP (la pipe)
boAy—liih KAWR (le corps) head—;« TEHT {la tile)
{la
riture) radishes Iuh ra-DEE (le radis)
back—/nA DOH {Ir dos) leg la jaT^B {la jamhe)
iai^au'.RAY fruit^ Iuh froo-EE {le fruit) rice—/hA REE {le rit)
{foreille) mouth— BOOSH {la bouche)
/fl
steak—/r bif-TEHK (biftec)
aw-RAY (les
eits—layz grapes Iuh tay-ZX (le raisin)
ereilUs) neck—^(M KOO (le cou)
tyt^LEUre (Voeil) lemon iuh see-TRAW {le ci- tobacco Iuh la-BAK (le tabac)
nose— /i(A NAY (le nez)
eyea—layx YEU (les ye»x) tron) tomatoes—/i(A toh-MAHT {la
iccth—/uy DaP {les dents)
finger—/((A DWAH{le doigi) toe—/hA DWAHD peeAY (le
mc 1 n—VkA meh-LAW (le tomate)
iooi—lah pee-AY (le pied) melon) turnip Iuh na-VAY (le navet)
doigt dii pied)
hijc—lay shih-VEU (les che- watermelon la pahs-TEHK (la

t'ettx) patleque)

50 91
 Sivrwundln^
lice Illy POO (lei poux) bedbugs — lay pu-NEHZ (les
bridge iuA PAW {it pons) police past—la pawn duh puh- spider — la-tehn-YAY (I'araig- piinaiies)
church—/o>-GL£EZ (I'egliie) LEES (la pour de police) nee)
(own or lily—/a VEEL (la vilU) road—/fl ROOT (la route') TradH and Occupallont
market—^f(A mar-SHAY {le shop (store)—/a hoo-TEEK (la
tnarchf)
baker luA hoo-lSw-ZHAY (le doctor luh iiau'l(-TEUR (le
hotitiqiie) or luh ma-ga-ZX
boutanger) docteiir) or luh mayd-SA (Ic
path (trail, pas%)—/»j4 saKl-YAV (le magasin)
barber— /hA kwah-fEUR (le medecin
{le ieniier) RU (la rue)
street— /a
bti-ROH
coiffeur) farmer luh fehr-mce-Y AH (le
blacksmith — luh
post office—Jw A duh vi\hge—li,A terl-AZH (le ell-
jsu-r fermier)
PAW ST (le hiireati tie paste) lage)
zhtih-
RAW jorgeron)
(le mechanic luh may-^e-neei-YA
well—/nA PWEE (le pmit) butcher — luh boo SHAY (le (Ir niecanicien)
Anlnuli boucher) shoema ke r — luh t^awr - duin-
animal la-nee-MAL {I'am'mal) cook luh \itiee-xeen-Y AY (le YAY (le cordonnier)
horse— /((A shuh-VAL (le cAe-
cuisinier) tailor—/(jA ta-YEUR
bird Iwa-ZOH (I'okeaii) I'ol) (le tail-

camel— /wA sha-MOH (le leur

cha-. mouse kih soo-REE (le souris)
tneau) mule liih moo-LAV (le mulet)
cat—/((A SHA (le chai) pig — /(M lioh-SHAW (le co-
chicken (hcii) luh poo-LJY chon)
first prriAm-YAY (premier) sc V e nth seht YEHM seprieme)
(

(le poiilel) rabbit luh la-PA (le lapin)

second seh-KAWu (second) eig h th u/eet- YEHM (huitieme)
cow-^a VASH third — trwahz • YEHM (troisi- n n th neu v -YEHM neiwiem e )
(la poche) rat luh RA (le rat)
i (

dog—/hA SHA (le chietl) sheep — /a dray -BEE (la brebis)

enie)
fourth — l^at-ree-YEHM qua
tenth-i?^f2-y£HjVf (diiieme)
eleventh — awsYEHM
donkey LAN (Vane) snake luh sehr-PAH (le irr-
( -
(onzi-
ttieme) erne)
duck—^((A ^a-NAR
burrow luh boo-ree-KOH
(le canard)
(le
pent)
scorpion — liii slipuir-pee-JW
fifth — sdk-ee-YEHM (cinqiii- twelfth — dooz-YEHM (dousi-
erne eme)
houriquot) (le scorpion)
sixlh—seex-YEHM (sixieme)
goat—/a SHEHVR (la chevre)
dothlitg

flies—^ay MOOSH (Irs mouches) mosquitoes — lay moos -

TEEK belt—/a sd-TUR (la cincture) coat—/((A pard-SU (le pardes-
fleas—/ay POOS (let puces) (les moustiques) boots—/ay BUHT (les bottes) sus)

52 53
bIovcs—/fly G/ffJ {Us gams) socks — lay shew-SEHT (Ifs Pronsutn. ole.

hat ink iha-POH (U chapraa) chaiiisfltcs)

l—ZHUH (je) his. hers SEH (se) masculine:
necktie la h^a-VAT (/a era- sweater liih pnl-tiur-VEHR (Ir
we NOO (noui) SA {sa) feminine
vate)
^hi^t la skiih-MEEZ {la che-
puHover')
trousers ie pm-in-LM' (Ir
you — 1^00 {eous) your, yours VOH (tfos)

he—£EL (it) their, theirs—LEOfi (leur)

misf) patjralofj)
she—£HL (elle) who—KBB (qui)
shoes lay jhaw-SUR {les chain- undershirt lii/i iiee-KOH {U vibat—KUH (que)
they EEL (Us)
surfs) tricot)
thb SUH {ce) mascutine how many^i^flS-Aw-.f {com-
AdJ«etlTH SEHT (celte) feminme bien)

good—BAl^ (itoti) c(M—FRAW Uroid)

these—5^Y (cw) how hr—KEHL dee-STAfiS
bad maw-VAY {maiwais) hm—SHOH (chaUx) that SUH ice) rttascidine. (quelle distance)

big—GRAH (grand) wet — mo((-Y/iY {mouillc)

SEHT {celte) feminine somebody — kehl-KUTl (quel-

small— pi(A-T££ (pfiit) Aiy—SEHK or more definite SUH . . . qu'un)

sick ma-LAD (makde) expensive
(sec)
SHEHR (chrr)
LA (ce . . . /fl) masculine. anyone — kehl-KAWK (quel-

v/tW^hff-y A pau'r-TATi (hirn cheap baai mar-SHAY (boit

SEHT . . . LA (cette . . . conqiie)

porlant) marchf) la) feminine everybody—roo lu/i MA^D

I am hufiKfj— ZW/fV FA {j'ai empty VEED (aide) those SAY («f). More defi- (lout le mondt)

jaini full—PL J (plcin)

nite, SAY . . . LA (cfs , . . la) something i{ehl-i(, u h SHOHZ
I am thirsty— ZH/fY SWAHF long— /..-(TP {long) my, mine MAW (man) (quel que chose)
{j'ai soil)
short->fO0R {coiirl)
our, ours NOH (nos)
hUck—NWAHR (noir)
tendy—PREH (pret) PrcpMltlsm
white— BL/ffiX {bknc)
dein—FRVHPR {proprc)
zed—ROOZH (roiigr) lot—POOR (pour) on SUR (sur)
dirty SAL (sale)
blue— BLEf (ilfu) from—Dt/H (de) XO—A {i)
old rer-YEU {firiin)
Ktccn—VEHR (I'M) ia~~DAH (dans) with—e-VEHK (ai/ec)
new noo-VOH (noiit'eaii)
yellow— ZHOHW {jaunt) of—DUH {de)
high— OH (hiiiit)
younj; ZHEUN (jettne)
AdvarlM
nthcr— OWr/J (autre)
\ov/—BAH (has)
deep prtik-FJW {projond) happy, contented KA^'TATi above oh deh-SU (au dessns) beside a ^oh-TAY {i cote)

shallow— puA proh-FAW (pas (content) again -ah-KAWR {encore) below oh dehSOO (au dei-

profand) behind—rffAr-YEHR (derrihe) soiit)

54 55
 where is the nearest town? How far is the nearest spring?.
cniiugh a-SAY (aisfz) near vwah -ZA ( roisin
00 AY la VEEL la PLU a KEHL dee-STAHS suh
far Iwii-TAP (lomlaiii) on that side duA siih ^oA-TAY
PRUHSH (Oh est la filh la TROOV la SOORS la pin
here ft -SEE {ici) la (de ce cote la)
plus prochc?) PRUHSH {A quelle distance
in trunl—a^ FAS (rn face) on this side ditA stih l^oi-TAY
Be careful!— fEHr a-ms-YAW le troll ve la source la plus
less— .WWJ imoins) see {de ce cote ei)
(Faiies auenfion!) proche)
PLU
more
much hoh-KOO
{pltis)
(hfaiicoup)
there
very— TKEH
la (la)

(ires)
Where can I skcp ? — 00 What is the name of this
FWEEZH dawr-MEER (Oi, pUQel—kaui-MAH sa-PEHL
puis-fe dormir?) seht 3'iDRWAH (Comment
Conjunctlom
Wait a minute!— tW mo/i-MA7J s'appelte eet endroit?)

and—.^y (et) or 00 (ou) (Vn moment!) 1 have cigarettes ZHAY day

but MAY {mail) \hn—KUH (ijiie) I haven't any money ZHUH see-ga-REHT (j'ai des ci-

li—SEE (si) NAY PAH dar-ZHAH (/e garettes)

ti'ai pas d' argent) I am iitk— ZHUH SWEE ma-

PolntB «l th« Ctfvnpau
Give nie some drinking water LAO (le suit malade)

north NAWR (nord) cM—EHST {est)

dtih-NAY MWAH dt,k LOH I am an American soldier^

«)uth— it/D {itid) west— WEHJT, (oue/f) a BWAHR (Donnez-moi de ZHUH SWEEZ uh sohl-DA
I'eaii a boire) u-may-ree-KA (/e sins un
PhraM* tor Evtry Day Give mL- some fwxl diih-NAY soldat Americain)
MWAH kehl-ktili-SHOHZ a I amyour friend ZHUH SWEE
What date is today ?—*r£HL Cume hae~t>ii&-NAYZ ee-SEE man-ZHAY (Donnez-moi VUHTRE a-MEE He suis
ZHOOR ay-TEEL (Quel jour ( Venez-ici) qiielqur chose a manger) fotre ami)
esi-H?) Come quickly— cbA-Nv^Y VEET
The fifth of June, etc. lu/i {Venez file) SPECIAL NOTES ON NEW CALEDONIA
SAK zhoo-A {le cinq juin) Go quickly—a-I/fy VEET {Al-

m
What day of the week?—K£HL lez file) I
English French ]

ZHOOR duh la sn/i-MEHN? Who are your—K££ eAi VOO

(Quel joitr de la semame?) Qtti etes't'ous? SuTTDundlnis — Natural Objects
Tuesday, etc. MAHR-dee {mar- What do you want? KVH POO-
The usual word for stream is "creek" and is luA KREEK
di) LAY VOO {Que vouiez-
borrowed English
from the (le creef^)
voux?)
S7
56
 RalatiofMhliK NOTES
bo)' hih-gar-SAW (U gar^on) A Javatiese woman, gene fall)'
In New Caledonia gcneraMy a 3 servant, is la bak-YOO
worker, a native stevedore, a (la bayou)
coolie. A Toiikinesc woman, gener-
woman ally a servant, is la l^aSi-
In New Caledonia a native CAHfc {la cortgai)
(Melanesian) woman is h
poh-pff'NAY (la popinee)

FimhI and Drink (Not* ElpKrally)

watermelon is particularly com- pineapple—/a-na-i\'^H {I'tniii-

mon Itt pahi-TEHK {la pas- nas)

ttqiie) arrow-roots or yams lecn-YAM
ciicoanui la NIVAH dtih l(ph- {I'igtiainc)
KOH {la jioix de coco) native lobsters la la^-GOOST
i)ananas la ba-NAN {la ba- {la langousie)
nanc) i.yiters—/a HWEETR (la Iwiirc)
guava la gawet-AV {la goyave)

Surround nil
i

In New Caledonia there are no streams, and can break even

passenger railroads but a pas- the springs at a jeep, unless
senger bus service known as traveled over slowly.
laui-toh-BUS {I'aHlobuf) Cable Ferry—/((A BAK {le hac}
Pay particular attention to signs Shop, store in New Caletlonia
warning you of any approach- generally—/i(A STAWR {It-

This
ing
is

serving
rad-YAV
a sunken concrete
as a
(le radier)

bridge
jetty
across
ranch
store)
luh
lion) borrotved
stas-YAW {le sia-
from Attslrdia
It
58
 NOTES

*U » GOVCnNMINT f nhHTIHC OFFICE 1*i3 -fi-1MTtl

y^ -1^^^
V*-

V
V.

r .p^ v-«.