LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO
ART APPRECIATION
MEANINGS OF ART
ETYMOLOGY
 French word art which means skill
as a result of learning or practice.
 Latin word ars – ability or practical skills.
 Art is a product of man’s inventiveness
and creativity.
 According to Susanne Lander, Art molds
our actual life of feelings, by giving form
to the world, it articulates human nature,
sensitivity, energy, passion and mortality.
 Art is generally understood as any
activity or product done by people with
a communicative or aesthetic purpose.
 Art is concerned with sensuous medium
such as the mind, senses and arousing
inner emotions.
 Art is the human ability to make things
of beauty and things that stir man; it is
creativity.
 Art is not meant to be looked at only for
what it is. It is meant to stimulate
thought because it allows viewers to
draw their own emotions and pull from
their personal experiences when
viewed. It is very powerful in this way
and it naturally develops critical and
innovative thinking skills. Art also
teaches many important qualities such
as listening, observing and responding
to multiple perspectives.
ART IN HUMANITIES
 Art is a human experience through
words and non-verbal forms of
expression. Arts is the act of creation
itself whether through performance or
the physical production of works. The
creation is also the product based on
research and methodology necessary
for humanities to survive in all aspect of
existence.
 Comes from the Latin word – humanus.
 A human is cultured, educated and
refined.
 Cultured is characterized by refined
taste and manners and good
education.
 Educated means with rationality,
kindness and tenderness.
 Refined means polished, polite,
cautious behavior.
 Art in Humanities is something that
expresses an idea, an emotion or,
more generally, a world view.
 It is a component of culture, reflecting
economic and social substrates in its
design.
 Art transmits ideas and values inherent
in every culture across space and time.
 Art’s role changes through time,
acquiring more of an aesthetic
component here and a socio-
educational function in humanities.
AIM OF HUMANITIES
 To promote awareness of the
interrelationships of all fields of
knowledge because it represents
people’s highest goals, aspirations,
hopes and ambitions as well as
challenges, disappointments and
frustrations reflected in various acts.
HUMANITIES AS A SOCIAL SCIENCE
 ANTHROPOLOGY – study of
man’s beginnings.
 PSYCHOLOGY – study of man’s mind
and his behavior.
 LINGUISTICS – study of man’s languages
 CULTURAL STUDIES – study of
man’s beliefs, arts, customs,
literature, etc.
 COMMUNICATION – art of sharing
information.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
 Art is Universal
 Art is Not Nature
 Art Involves Experience
ART IS UNIVERSAL
 Art immortalizes man and his marvelous
achievements. Literature and history
provide us with all the evidence about
the timelessness and universal value of
art and its unique contribution to
mankind
ART IS NOT NATURE
 It is a self-assumption that art is not
nature simply because the natural things
around us as we believe created by God
is a work of art. Though man’s art may
get from the nature or environment for
inspirations, man most of the time deal
with the art using his own ability and
skills to create one.
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
 All art involves experience. Experience
is the actual doing of something. The
perfection of art appreciation will never
be possible without experiencing art. All
art requires experience.
 TWO CHARACTERISTICS
OF EXPERIENCE
1. Experience Of Art Is
Subjective
Our judgement of art is highly
personal and individual. Not
everybody will
agree on one’s judgment therefore
it’s tantamount to a famous saying
that “beauty is in the eye of the
beholder.”
2. Art Experience Accompanied By
Emotional Response
Initial reaction in such experience of
art is inevitable. We may either like it
or the other way around. Just like the
first one, the emotional effect of art in
one person may not be the same to
others.
ART AS A PROCESS AND A PRODUCT
 The acts such as drawing, painting,
sculpting, decorating, designing
buildings, building bridges, engineering
and technology, singing, dancing,
etching, a musical composition,
choreography or a tapestry and the use
of camera or computers to create images
and memorable works and etc.
COMMON ART EXAMPLES
DRAWINGS / SKETCHING – any
drawings for the purpose of expression or
function.
BLUE PRINTS – house, furniture, appliances
and etc.
PAINTING – is an image (artwork) created
using pigments (color) on a surface (ground)
such as paper or canvas.
SCULPTING – creating three-dimensional art
object using any materials either by carved,
modeled, molded, cast, wrought, welded,
sewn, assembled, or otherwise shaped and
combined.
DECORATING – any of those arts that are
concerned with the design and decoration of
objects for personal or commercial
purposes.
DESIGNING BUILDINGS – the use of any
the building materials that is functional,
flexible and durable for the intended purpose
of the building.
BUILDING BRIDGES – a structure built to
span a physical obstacle (such as a body of
water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking
the way underneath.
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY – the art
of
creative technology and engineering allows
engineers to improvise and confront new
situations. A creative engineer can adapt to
change and successfully take on new
problems with new set of formula.
ART IN SINGING – is the act of producing
musical sounds with the voice. A person
who sings is called a singer or vocalist
(examples of genre are jazz and popular
music).
ART IN DANCING – a sequence of body
movements, accompanied by music. The art
of dance is also known as a form of
performing art.
ETCHING – is a printmaking technique that
uses chemical action to produce incised lines
in a metal printing plate which then hold the
applied ink and form the image.
MUSICAL COMPOSITION – the act of
conceiving a piece of music, the art of
creating music, or the finished product.
CHOREOGRAPHY – is the art of making
dances or other artistic body movements,
or the gathering and organization of
movement into order and patter
TAPESTRY – a form of textile art,
traditionally woven by hand on a loom.
Tapestry is weft-faced weaving, in which all
the warp threads are hidden in the
completed work.
CAMERA ART IMAGES – creating or
capturing still or moving images using a
camera. Photography or video making is an
art form using digital camera and treated
using computer apps or soft wares.
Art gives meaning to our lives and helps us
understand our world. It is an essential part
of our culture because it allows us to have a
deeper understanding of our emotions. It
increases our self-awareness, and also
allows us to be open to new ideas and
experiences
traditions in a greater measure
and within a broad historical
LESSON 2: APPRECIATING HISTORY
perspective.
OF ART  ART HISTORIAN - analyze visual arts’
WHAT IS ART HISTORY meaning and are interested in what the
works of art represented at the time they
 The history of art is as old as the history were created. It is a way to learn about
of human from the prehistoric to the the civilizations of the past and its
present times. Early paintings of the connection to the present time.
cavemen to Da Vinci’s “Mona  ART ICONOGRAPHY - It is the
Lisa” in the early 20th century are both in science of identification, description,
the form of visual arts that challenge our classification, and interpretation of
creative minds and inspire us to witness symbols, themes, and subject matter
the beauty of man’s creative skills. in the creation of the visual arts.
 ART HISTORY - doesn’t consist in simply  ERA, PERIOD, CIRCA,
listing all the art movements and placing TIMELINE, STAGE,
them on a timeline but rather it is the MOVEMENT
study of objects of art considered within  - CHRONOLOGICAL DATING -
their time period.  - TIME DIVISION –
 ART HISTORIOGRAPHY - is the
historical study of the visual arts which TIME
TAGS
aims to identify, classify, describe,
evaluate, interpret, and understand the
historical progress of painting, sculpture,
architecture, and other notable drawing,
including the modern day printmaking,
decorative arts, photography, interior
designs and other art products.
ART HISTORIOGRAPHY PRIMARY
CONCERN:
 To discover who made the
particular art piece or object;
and
 To understand techniques and
format developments of artistic
Christian/Western Secular/Generic
ROMAN 500BC – 476AD
BC Before Christ BCE Before Common Era

 CHARACTERISTIC: realism,
AD Anno Domini CE Common Era practical, down-to- earth and grand
Latin: arches.
In the year of the Lord.  MAJOR ARTWORK: AUGUSTUS OF
PRIMA PORTA (447 – 468 BC) – The
ART TIMELINE statue is an idealized image of
Augustus, a pose of a Roman orator.
The history of art is immense. The next
slides shows some of the summarized INDIAN, CHINESE, AND JAPANESE653BC –
1900AD
period of art from prehistoric dated form
27,000 up to modern times:  CHARACTERISTIC: serene and
meditative art.
STONE AGE 30,000BC- - 25,000BC
 MAJOR ARTWORK: A SOLITARY
 CHARACTERISTIC: cave TEMPLE AMID CLEARING PEAKS
paintings, fertility goddesses, (919 – 967 AD) – the painting was
megalithic structures. rendered in 1nk and light color on silk
 MAJOR ARTWORK: measuring 111.76 × 55.88 cm.
STONEHENGE (3000 – 2000BC) –
BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC 476BC – 1453AD
believed to be constructed several
stages and now one of the most  CHARACTERISTIC: heavenly and
famous prehistoric landmarks in the maze art like design.
United Kingdom.  MAJOR ARTWORK: ALHAMBRA - a
palace and fortress complex located in
MESOPOTAMIAN 3500BC - 539BC
Andalusia, Spain. Originally
 CHARACTERISTIC: warrior art and constructed as a small fortress in 889
narration in stone relief. AD.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: HAMMURABI’S
CODE (1792 MIDDLE AGES 500 – 4100
- 1750 BC) – black stone stele  CHARACTERISTIC: Celtic,
containing the Code was carved from a Carolingian, Romanesque,
single, four-ton slab of diorite. Renaissance & Gothic.
EGYPTIAN 3100BC - 30BC  MAJOR ARTWORK: DURHAM
CATHEDRAL - is a Norman building
 CHARACTERISTIC: art with an afterlife constructed between 1093 and 1133 in
focus. the Romanesque style. The oldest
 MAJOR ARTWORK: STATUE OF surviving building with a large stone
SEATED IMHOTEP (332–30 BC) - vaulted ceiling.
Imhotep was a high official and an
architect who oversaw construction of EARLY & HIGH RENAISSANCE 1400 – 1550
Egypt's first monumental stone  CHARACTERISTIC: Rebirth of classical
pyramid. culture
GREEK AND HELLENISTIC 850BC - 31BC  MAJOR ARTWORK: MARS AND
VENUS (1485) – early renaissance
 CHARACTERISTIC: Idealism on painting by an Italian Alessandro di
balance and proportion. Mariano di Vanni Filipepi known as
 MAJOR ARTWORK: ELGIN Sandro Botticelli.
MARBLES (447 – 468 BC) – a
famous statue sculpted by Phidias VENETIAN & MODERN RENAISSANCE1430
– 1550
who is also renowned painter and
architect.  CHARACTERISTIC: Northward
spread of high renaissance.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: THE TEMPEST
(1508) – a painting by the Italian
master Giorgione. Originally
 commissioned by the Venetian noble at the Paris Salon later that year.
Gabriele Vendramin, the painting is
now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of
Venice, Italy.

MANNERISM 1527 – 1580

 CHARACTERISTIC: breaking the
rules, artifice vs nature.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: THE
CARMIGNANO VISITATION (1528)
– is an oil on panel painting of the
Visitation by Jacopo Carucci also
known as Jacopo Pontormo. He was
an Italian Mannerist painter and
portraitist from the Florentine School.
BAROQUE 1600 – 1750
 CHARACTERISTIC: splendor
and art as a religious weapon.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: PALACE OF
VERSAILLES (1650) – the home to
the Kings of France, the Palace of
Versailles is one of the most important
landmarks in French history and the
symbol of absolute monarchy system.
NEOCLASSICAL 1750 – 1850
 CHARACTERISTIC: recapturing
Greco-Roman grandeur.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: VENUS
VICTRIX (1808) – sculpture by an
Italian Antonio Canova, often
regarded as the greatest
neoclassical artist, inspired from
Baroque avoiding melodramatic
classical revival.
REALISM 1865 – 1885
 CHARACTERISTIC: rustic painting,
working class, peasants.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: THE DEATH
OF NELSON (1806) – a painting by
the American artist Benjamin West
dated 1806. Entirely self-taught artist,
soon gained valuable patronage, and
he toured Europe before, eventually
settling in London.
REALISM 1848 – 1900
 CHARACTERISTIC: rustic painting,
working class, peasants.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: STONE
BREAKER (1849) – a painting by the
French painter Gustave Courbet. A
work of social realism, depicting two
peasants breaking rocks and exhibited
IMPRESSIONISM 1865 – 1885
 CHARACTERISTIC: fleeting
effects of natural light.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: THE BELLELLI
FAMILY (1867) – also known as
Family Portrait, an oil painting on
canvas by Edgar Degas. The painting
is a portrait of his aunt, her husband,
and their two young daughters.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM 1885 – 1910
 CHARACTERISTIC: post
revolt against impressionism.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: TAHITIAN
WOMEN ON THE BEACH (1891) – a
painting by Paul Gauguin. The painting
depicts two women on the Pacific
island of Tahiti on the beach during the
time of his short residency in a small
island.
FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM 1900 –
1935
 CHARACTERISTIC: harsh
colors, emotion distorting forms.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: YELLOW-RED-
BLUE (1925) – is an abstract oil
painting by Wassily Kandinsky. It
features beautiful bright colors and a
variety of different shapes.
POST-MODERNISM 1970 – PRESENT
 CHARACTERISTIC: without center,
remixing past styles.
 MAJOR ARTWORK: THE HEYDAR
ALIYEV CENTER (2012) – is a
57,500 m² building complex in Baku,
Azerbaijan designed by Iraqi- British
architect Zaha Hadid and noted for its
distinctive style and flowing, curved
style that eschews sharp angles.
WHY APPRECIATE ART HISTORY?
 Art history provides a means by which
we can understand our human past
and its relationship to our present,
because the act of making art is one of
humanity’s most ubiquitous activities.
1. Art History brings you closer to the
footprint of humankind along history,
because it’s the story of us and our
superpower to appreciate and
create.
2. Art History helps you wipe your
fears of the unknown.
• appreciate to learn about the past
and
• To discover connections to the
present and the future.
3. Art History introduces cultural
diversity. The bizarre and the
oddities help us to understand
humanity.
4. Art History trains you to deal and
manage oodles of images in little
time. To successfully process
everything we encounter in our
everyday life.
5. Art History teaches us to cope
with uncertainty, despair and
sorrow. Every artwork is related
to reality in itself and it helps us
to somehow understand all the
difficulties in life.
6. Art History allows you to connect
with feelings we never knew we
could have. When we understand an
art we are looking at, and we feel its
message that’s what we call
aesthetic experience.
7. Art History reminds us how very
human we are. Artists just like us
are human being. Every art they
make is a reflection of how human
we are.
8. Art History teaches us how to solve
problems as artists have done.
Architects and engineers are artists
too. Have we ever realized how our
life can be the same without them?
9. Art History boosts our imagination. It
is normal to have so many what-if in
our minds on things around us and
processing it helps us to be
innovative and more creative.
10. Art History encourages us to be an
artist too in our own right.
Why Study Art Appreciation?
We have always heard sayings like "Why study
art? Why not Engineering, Science, or
Commerce?", "Art won't get you anywhere," "Art
is useless," "You won't get a proper job" and so
many other issues.
The truth based on research was, students do
better in their education because arts makes a
huge impact in their character and personality.
The next few slides are the pointers why art is
Important in every human daily existence.
 1. Arts improves creativity skills.
“Everybody has a creative potential and from
the moment you can express this creative
potential, you can start changing the world.”
- Paulo Coelho, Author
2. Arts gives you joy.
“Exercising our creativity can give us an outlet
from our daily routines, helping us express
emotions and boost our happiness levels.”
- Juliet Davey, Psychologist
3. Arts relieves stress.
Studies suggest that art therapy can be very
valuable in treating issues such as depression,
anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and
even some phobias. It is a great way to
express your emotions without words, process
complex feelings and find relief.
4. Arts gives us the opportunity to
showcase our skills and talent.
Art can provide us very natural and safe way to
express ourselves. It allows us to play,
experiment, make a mess, create stories, use
metaphors to represent feelings, explore
alternative narratives, externalize feelings by
creating characters, reflect, by sharing art with
others.
10. Art is the language of the soul.
“Art is a profound mirror, always reflecting back
who you truly are. Most people are petrified to
take a look… But if you are brave enough, you
can see right into your soul.”- Michelle Baker,
Art Therapist
The more you appreciate and understand
the art of different eras, movements, styles and
techniques, the better you can develop,
evaluate and improve your own artwork. The
more you develop your skills in any art forms of
your choice the more you become human.

There are many different ways of expressing

our artistic side, and we don't have to aspire to
be a professional. Art is for everybody, and we
can enjoy it simply for its own sake. Our artistic
abilities are there to be discovered.
Importance of Art Appreciation
5. Arts gives us confidence.
Every person is born with the innate desire to
Arts education improves our confidence.
create art, and similar to other professions,
Studies have shown that when an individual
training is essential in honing skills to produce
participate in art activities with peers, the
art. Art education broadens a person's
feedback they give to each other builds self-
comprehension, development, and visions of
respect by helping them learn to accept
art. Art brings an understanding of diversity,
criticism and praise from others.
how people lived in the past, and connects the
6. Arts helps us do well academically.
issues concerning contemporary life and art
today.
Study shows a few hours of art will help us
relieve stress and give you happiness. With
1. Art Allows us to Connect with Our Inner
that our mind will be clear, and that would help
Selves
us focus on our studies, and that would help us
get better grades.
Art can transform our lives. When we connect
7. Arts helps us do well academically.
with art, we are ultimately connecting with our
inner selves. Art enables us to look within and to
Study shows a few hours of art will help us
listen to ourselves, realize who we are, and
relieve stress and give you happiness. With
what we care about. It connects us to our
that our mind will be clear, and that would help
thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and our outer
us focus on our studies, and that would help us
realities and experiences.
get better grades.
2. Art Causes us to Have an Appreciation
8. Arts helps us learn visually.
and Gratification for What we Have in our
Lives
As they progress in Visual Arts, we develop
perceptual skills in observation and the ability
We tend to be happier when we are able to look
to respond and view artworks critically. We also
at life through a standpoint of appreciation and
develop the conceptual capacity to develop
gratification - when we are able to view all of the
ideas and express them visually. They identify,
wonderful details that are going well in our lives
analyze and interpret meaning in artworks from
instead of focusing on the alternative.
diverse contexts.
3. Art Brings More Creativity, Satisfaction,
9. Arts helps you to express your
and Happiness Into Our Lives
emotions.
Art gives us meaning and helps us understand
our world. Scientific studies have proven that
art appreciation improves our quality of life and
makes us feel good.
When we create art according to Dr. Shelley
Carson, “arts gives us ability to improve our
mood, broadens our attention and allows us to
see possible and creative solutions to
problems.”
 Art is not meant to be looked at only for
what it is but it allows us to connect and
empathize on an emotional level while
also learning about the culture.
 It is meant to stimulate thought because
it allows viewers to draw their own
emotions and pull from their personal
experiences when viewed.
 It is very powerful and it naturally
develops critical and innovative thinking
skills.
 It also teaches many important qualities
such as listening, observing and
responding to multiple perspectives.
 Due to the subjective nature of art, we
can learn to construct meaning and
articulate their thoughts when they
express, in our own words, our personal
opinions about what we are seeing,
feeling and thinking.
 It allows us an opportunity to develop an
open mind and understand that there is
more than just one solution to a
problem.
 Having an appreciation for art also helps
us to develop an appreciation for each
other and how we are all unique in our
own way
 As always mentioned, art is all around
us and therefore we have to react
towards it because it gives meaning to
our lives and helps us understand our
world
 Appreciating art provides us with a
forum in developing our literacy and
communication skills.
 Francisco Goya “Saturn Devouring His
Son”, 1819–1823 - “Art does not exist
only to entertain, but also to challenge
one to think, to provoke, even to disturb
in a constant search for the truth”.
 "Art is something that makes us more
thoughtful and well-rounded humans."
 Appreciating art is important. We tend to
think it is a luxury, but it gives people
deep pleasure because beauty is the
personification of hope that something
grander is at work.”
These cultures formed the foundation of all
art today. Art appreciation analyzes art using
the methods and materials, allowing people
to make connections to the context of art
and the interactions of societies.
DEFINING ART APPRECIATION,
CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION, &
EXPRESSION
The term ‘art’ encompasses a large variety of
works, from paintings to sculptures,
architecture to design, and in modern times,
digital art and so many other forms like the
things that surrounds our existence.
The term ‘appreciation’ – giving value to;
increase the worth of; understand and
recognize good qualities of.
Art appreciation is the knowledge and
understanding of the universal and timeless
qualities that identify all great art. The more
you appreciate and understand the art of
different eras, movements, styles and
techniques, the better you can develop,
evaluate and improve your own artwork.
Art Appreciation – simply deals with learning
or understanding and creating arts and
enjoying them.
Art Appreciation or Aesthetic education - the
capacity to understand works of art and
experience a certain emotional enjoyment in
looking other work of art or creating own arts.
Art may be appreciated or analyzed without
reference to subject matter, symbolism
or historical context.
Art appreciation can be subjective depending on
personal preference to aesthetics and form,
or it can be based on several elements and
principle of design and also depends on
social and cultural acceptance.
Art appreciation centers on the ability to view art
throughout history, focusing on the cultures
and the people, and how art developed in
the specific periods. It is difficult to
understand art without understanding the
culture, their use of materials, and a sense of
beauty.
Art Appreciation is:
 Gaining the knowledge to understand the
art.
 Acquire the art methods and
materials to discuss art verbally or by
the written word.
 Ability to identify the movements from
ancient cultures to today's contemporary
art.
IMPORTANCE OF ART
APPRECIATION
Every person is born with the innate desire to
create art, and similar to other professions,
training is essential in honing skills to
produce art. Art education broadens a
person's comprehension, development, and
visions of art. Art brings an understanding of
diversity, how people lived in the past, and
connects the issues concerning
contemporary life and art today.
1. ART ALLOWS US TO CONNECT
WITH OUR INNER SELVES
Art can transform our lives. When we
connect with art, we are ultimately
connecting with our inner selves. Art
enables us to look within and to listen to
ourselves, realize who we are, and what
we care about. It connects us to our
thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and our
outer realities and experience.
2. ART CAUSES US TO HAVE AN
APPRECIATION AND
GRATIFICATION FOR WHAT WE
HAVE IN OUR LIVES
We tend to be happier when we are able
to look at life through a standpoint of
appreciation and gratification - when
we are able to view all of the wonderful
details that are going well in our lives
instead of focusing on the alternative.
3. ART BRINGS MORE CREATIVITY,
SATISFACTION, AND HAPPINESS
INTO OUR LIVES
We have always heard sayings like "Why study
Art gives us meaning and helps us
understand our world. Scientific studies
have proven that art appreciation
improves our quality of life and makes
us feel good. When we create art
according to Dr. Shelley Carson, “arts
gives us ability to improve our mood,
broadens our attention and allows us to
see possible and creative solutions to
problems.
 Art is not meant to be looked at only for
what it is but it allows us to connect and
empathize on an emotional level while also
learning about the culture.
 It is meant to stimulate thought because it
allows viewers to draw their own emotions
and pull from their personal experiences
when viewed.
 It is very powerful and it naturally
develops critical and innovative
thinking skills.
 It also teaches many important qualities
such as listening, observing and
responding to multiple perspectives.
 Due to the subjective nature of art, we can
learn to construct meaning and articulate
their thoughts when they express, in our
own words, our personal opinions about
what we are seeing, feeling and thinking.
 It allows us an opportunity to develop an
open mind and understand that there is
more than just one solution to a problem.
 Having an appreciation for art also helps
us to develop an appreciation for each
other and how we are all unique in our
own way.
 As always mentioned, art is all around us
and therefore we have to react towards it
because it gives meaning to our lives and
helps us understand our world.
 Appreciating art provides us with a
forum in developing our literacy and
communication skills.
 Art does not exist only to entertain, but
also to challenge one to think, to provoke,
even to disturb in a constant search for
the truth”
 Art is something that makes us more
thoughtful and well-rounded humans.
 Appreciating art is important. We tend to
think it is a luxury, but it gives people
deep pleasure because beauty is the
personification of hope that something
grander is at work.”
WHY STUDY ART APPRECIATION?
art? Why not Engineering, Science, or
Commerce?", "Art won't get you anywhere,"
"Art is useless," "You won't get a proper job"
and so many other issues. The truth based on
research was, students do better in their
education because arts makes a huge impact
in their character and personality. The next
few slides are the pointers why art is
Important in every human daily existence.
1. Arts improves creativity skills.
“Everybody has a creative potential and
from the moment you can express this
creative potential, you can start
changing the world.”- Paulo Coelho,
Author
2. Arts gives you joy.
“Exercising our creativity can give us an
outlet from our daily routines, helping us
express
emotions and boost our happiness
levels.”- Juliet Davey, Psychologist
3. Arts relieves stress.
Studies suggest that art therapy can be
very valuable in treating issues such as
depression, anxiety, post-traumatic
stress disorder and even some phobias.
It is a great way to express your
emotions without words, process
complex feelings and find relief.
4. ARTS GIVES US THE OPPORTUNITY
TO SHOWCASE OUR SKILLS AND
TALENT. There are many different ways
of expressing our artistic side, and we
don't have to aspire to be a professional.
Art is for everybody, and we can enjoy it
simply for its own sake. Our artistic
abilities are there to be discovered.
5. ARTS GIVES US CONFIDENCE.
Arts education improves our
confidence. Studies have shown
that when an individual
participate in art activities with
peers, the feedback they give to
each other builds self- respect by
helping them learn to accept
criticism and praise from others.
6. ARTS HELPS US DO
WELL ACADEMICALLY.
Study shows a few hours of art will help us
relieve stress and give you happiness.
With that our mind will be clear, and that
would help us focus on our studies, and
that would help us get better grades.
7. ARTS HELPS US TO
COMMUNICATE WELL WITH
OTHER PEOPLE
Research shows that art therapy has a way
of energizing the brain, even for those
children who are non-verbal or are
autistic. A calm mind helps us to be
more social and react pleasantly.
8. ARTS HELPS US LEARN VISUALLY.
As they progress in Visual Arts, we develop
perceptual skills in observation and the
ability to respond and view artworks
critically. We also develop the conceptual
capacity to develop ideas and express
them visually. They identify, analyze and
interpret meaning in artworks from diverse
contexts.
9. ARTS HELPS YOU TO EXPRESS
YOUR EMOTIONS.
Art can provide us very natural and safe way
to express ourselves. It allows us to play,
experiment, make a mess, create stories,
and use metaphors to represent feelings,
explore alternative narratives, externalize
feelings by creating characters, and
reflect, by sharing art with others.
10. ART IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE SOUL.
“Art is a profound mirror, always reflecting
back who you truly are. Most people are
petrified to take a look... But if you are
brave enough, you can see right into your
soul.”- Michelle Baker, Art Therapist
The more you appreciate and understand the art
of different eras, movements, styles and
techniques, the better you can develop,
evaluate and improve your own artwork. The
more you develop your skills in any art forms of
your choice the more you become human.
CREATIVITY IN ART
FALLACY:
Art and creativity are two different concepts. Yes,
they are correlated, but one does not imply
the other at least, not automatically, or one is
less than the other in value.
The skill of being creative develops curiosity
and, along with it, brings new opportunities
forward.
FACT:
 Being creative means seeking ways to
change the normal and think out of the
box. Linking creativity with persistence
can result in art, which is the result of
creativity and constant effort combined.
 Motivation has to be another element in
the process of creation for art to result.
 There cannot be art without creativity,
but creativity can exist without art.
Creativity - according to Webster’s creativity is
the ability to create and the quality of being
creative.
Creativity in Art – An artist is the maker of the
art and must be creative. Being a creative
artist requires knowledge in using the
imagination to explore innovative ideas,
materials and tools applicable to any art
forms making.
A creative artist is a person who is dedicated
to artwork’s originality and authenticity.
Just like the first, the envisioning of ideas is
likely a choice between to create a new one
and or recreate and improve the present
ideas.
HOW TO BE A CREATIVE
ARTIST?
1. OPENED TO PLAY
Artists will be the explorer who never stops.
They will not be taken back by previous
discoveries or preconceived notions.
Creative artists will succeed because
they are continuously open to new
possibilities, won’t see failure as a
drawback but rather as a means of
achieving greatness by becoming aware
of what could improve.
2. ARTIST’S EMOTION
We all know that artists, whether self-
taught or otherwise, are creative,
emotional, and often sensitive people.
Most creative individuals share in
common with the artist’s success and it
depends on the degree to which they
develops these traits.
3. A CONSTANT DESIRE TO CREATE.
A creative people are constantly engaging in
creating something new. They don’t wait
for something to happen or for the-right-
moment to pass by. They are creating
circumstances for the creation and,
therefore, increase their chances of
success in whichever they are doing.
THE CREATIVE PROCESS:
STEP 1, PREPARING FOR CREATION:
This does not mean waiting for the right time to
come to take action instead preparing
yourself for a long ride and understand where
your motivation comes from. It means that
you are taking in the arguments for which you
are starting the process and what benefits this
creative process will bring to you.
STEP 2, INCUBATING SELECTED
IDEAS:
This is time to brainstorm ideas and see what
you want to create. What are the best ideas
you came up with, and why do you think that
they are good? But most importantly, how
will you act on them?
STEP 3, IMPLEMENTING CHOSEN IDEA
MAIN COMPONENTS OF
CREATIVITY:
 Originality The method or idea must be
new and unique. It should not be the
extension of something, which already
exists. However, one can take inspiration
from the already existent methods and
ideas to fabricate something new and
unique.
 Functionality – A creative idea must
work and produce results, otherwise, the
whole effort will be in vain.
QUALITIES OF CREATIVE
PEOPLE:
ENERGETIC - creative people are energetic
physically and mentally utilizing it to
conceptualize ideas.
INTELLIGENT – creative people are intelligent.
Though high level of IQ is a plus, most people
are intelligent enough in creative thinking and
smart to create new ideas.
DISCIPLINED - creativity happens
unexpectedly, so whenever an artist is under
any circumstances, he or she is ready to
somehow make a note or record the ideas in
any way possible.
4 TYPES OF CREATIVITY:
1. DELIBERATE AND
COGNITIVE CREATIVITY
People who possess deliberate and cognitive
characteristics are purposeful. They have a
great amount of knowledge about a particular
subject and combine their skills and
capabilities to prepare a course of action to
achieve something. This type of creativity
built when people work for a very long time in
a particular area
2. DELIBERATE AND
EMOTIONAL CREATIVITY
Their creativity is always a balanced product
of deliberate emotional thinking and
logical actions. Creativity is found in the
amygdala, a part of the brain and is
responsible for human emotions that
helps in learning and information
processing. This is actually a random
moments referred to as “a-ha!” moments
when someone suddenly thinks of a
solution to some problem or think of some
innovative idea.
3. SPONTANEOUS AND
 COGNITIVE CREATIVITY
There are times when you spend a long
time to crack a problem but can’t think of
any solution or think of any possible
way. But when you are having your
relaxation time and suddenly everything
falls in place. Remember the great
scientist Isaac Newton’s law of gravity,
the
‘Eureka’ moments.
4. SPONTANEOUS AND
EMOTIONAL CREATIVITY
This type of creativity are those moments
that are defined as rare moments when
great discoveries take place. There is no
need to have specific knowledge for
spontaneous and emotional creativity to
happen but there should be a special
skill to put the ideas into record in
anyway can be.
IMAGINATION IN ART
 Visualizing the unseen or impossible
things or envisioning ideas that are not
present in reality or wanting it to happen
or exist.
 Imagination is very much associated with
creativity since it is through imagination
where ideas, feelings or images are
initially put together in the artist’s mind.
The imagination of the artist may be in the
form of imaging or picturing, feeling, or
thinking what the work of art will
become. The artists may also use their
imagination on the possible alternatives
to what they have finished at every step
of the process.
 In the part of the audience or the
public viewers would perhaps use
their own imagination to understand
the artist’s work, which could be
verbally difficult to explain.
8 SUBSEQUENT IMAGINATION IN ART
1. EFFECTUATED IMAGINATION
Allows the artists to synthesize existing
ideas together from existing information.
2. INTELLECTUAL OR
CONSTRUCTIVE IMAGINATION
The artist is able to work from an existing
plan or a definite idea and is guided
towards a distinct purpose. Intellectual
imagination is a very conscious and
deliberate process.
3. IMAGINATIVE FANTASY
This is when you’re able to generate new
ideas from scratch and can be guided or
unguided. This is what most writers and
artists are good at. We usually have a
moment of inspiration and go off to
explore wherever the fantasy may take
us.
4. EMPATHY
This is a capacity that human beings have to
mentally detach from ourselves and
experience what another person is
experiencing from their point of view. It
allows us to take an imaginative stroll in
someone else’s shoes.
5. STRATEGIC IMAGINATION
This is primarily concerned with what-could-
be scenario. It’s the ability to spot
opportunities and visualize what might
happen if you were to take them. People
who have an excellent strategic
imagination will have a realistic
understanding of their own skills, and be
able to spot opportunities to develop.
6. EMOTIONAL IMAGINATION
An artist has to be aware of our emotions and
the emotions of human beings more
generally. The artists has to know how to
create or project fear, how to create
sadness, laughter and how the artist’s
possess the ability to play on those
emotions to generate form and structure
that plays into this facet of audience’s
mindsets.
7. DREAMS
These are an unconscious form of
imagination that we do when we’re
asleep. Scientists are still deciding what
these crazy little night visions are all
about, but for those of us that dream, it
can be a fun and sometimes scary way to
access our imagination interpret them in
an art form.
8. MEMORY RECONSTRUCTION
When we retrieve our memories of people,
objects and events we use our
imagination to regenerate the images.
Memories are subconscious stored bits
of information dragged into our
conscious brain and our imagination
often fills the gaps where memory hasn’t
been curated properly.
Imagination is more important than knowledge. “
- Einstein
EXPRESSION IN ART
Individual expression of art, it reflects the artist’s
personal thoughts, ideas, style and feelings.
Art is an expression made visible by a form. Art
as a piece is an expression of the artist and
the artist is an expresser to convey message
or create meaning.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPRESSIONS
IN ART
1. Expression of Feelings
2. Expression of Beliefs and Ideas
3. Expression of Character
MODE OF EXPRESSIONS IN CREATING
ART
1. EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS
Natural release or reactions. Expression
of feelings often defined as a
showing of emotion that come from
the inner world. Expression is the
natural or intentional reaction in
which emotional processes are made
and reflected as a concrete
phenomenon.
2. EXPRESSION OF BELIEFS AND
IDEAS: Philosophical Interpretation. In
many cultures, art is used in religion,
spiritual or magical rituals, performances
and dances as a decoration or symbol
of a god or other divine quality.
Anthropologists however knows that this
expression often serve a purpose at the
level of meaning within a particular
culture or social norms.
3. EXPRESSION OF CHARACTER:
EXPRESSING THE NATURE OF
THINGS. Any moral message in the
work should not, therefore, affect the
overall value of the artwork in its
aesthetics quality, either positively or
negatively. Artists and patrons of the
arts also want to protect their creation
from censorship. If an artwork is judged
only on the basis of its aesthetic
qualities, it should not be condemned
for its moral message.
Functions of Art
Purposes & Functions of Art
Art plays an important role in the society. There
is difficulty in quantifying the functions of arts in
the history of human being because almost all
creations of man had its own unique purpose.
The following are significant areas in society
where art is playing important functions:
1. Personal or Individual Function
 Regardless of how social we think we are
and how dependent we are on others, we
have a private and separate
understanding of ourselves. We think of
ourselves as unique, different,
exceptional in some ways, as if we have
thoughts unique only to us and no one
else.
2. Social Functions of Art
Many works of art are deliberately designed to
influence group thinking like:
 Artists may try to make us laugh at the
same phenomena.
 Accept economic, religious, or social
ideologies.
 See our social situation in ways which
had not previously been apparent.
3. Psychological Function of Art
Art is not a pastime or a leisurely activity.
Some important aspects are:
 self identity
 actualization of self
 remembering
 hope
 avoiding sorrow
 rebalancing
 self-understanding
 growth
 appreciation
4. Physical Function of Art
Usually relates to items that can be used for a
practical purpose because of their physical
structure, despite their artistic appeal. Examples
are:
 Architecture and related fields of design
 furniture and equipment
 leisure park development
 gadgets and appliances
 and etc
5. Historical Function of Art
 Understand our human past and its
relationship to our present. Recording
and documentation.
 Learn about this rich and fundamental
strand of human culture.
  Learn to talk and write about works of
art from different periods and places.
6. Cultural Function of Art
 Art influences society by changing
opinions, instilling values and translating
experiences across space and time. It
allows people from different society and
different times to communicate with
each other via images, sounds and
stories enriching cultural worth.
7. Religious Function of Art
 As a stimulus for creativity and culture,
religion is the spiritual impulse that
conjoins humanity with divinity through
spiritual experience, ceremony, and
mythology. Art and religion converge
through ritual practice and presentation
of sacred narrative, thereby affecting "an
experience of the numinous" (Otto,
1923).
8. Aesthetic Function of Art
Three crucial characteristics of aesthetic
experience:
 fascination with an aesthetic object (high
arousal and attention),
 appraisal of the symbolic reality of an
object (high cognitive engagement), and
a
 strong feeling of unity with the object of
aesthetic fascination and aesthetic
appraisal.
9. Industry and Economy Function of Art
Arts and Design can be classified as a creative
industry. Every industry no matter what its type
can play a role in the economic growth.
 Manufacturing
 Advertising
 Entertainment
 Tourism
 engineering & technology
 computer software
 construction
 ETC..
10. Political Function of Art
 The arts and politics has a strong
relationship, particularly between
various kinds of art and power, occurs
across historical epochs and cultures. As
they respond to contemporaneous events
and politics, the arts take on political as
well as social dimensions, becoming
themselves a focus of controversy and
even a force of political as well as social
change.
Philosophies of Art
 Philosophy of art is the study of concepts
and nature of arts such as: interpretation,
representation and expression, and form.
It is closely related to aesthetics, the
philosophical study of beauty and taste.
1. Interpretation
2. Representation
3. Expression
4. Form
1. Interpretation
 Interpretation in art refers to the
attribution of meaning to a work. A point
on which people often disagree is
whether the artist’s or author’s intention
is relevant to the interpretation of the
work.
Two Branches of Interpretation:
Intentionalism
 Concerned with the artist’s intention.
Anti-intentionalism
 Rejecting the relevance of the artist’s
intention.
2. Representation
 It’s a type of description or portrayal of
the artist in the artwork in which revolve
around creating visceral, intimate worlds
that reach far beyond mere reproduction
of the subjects in the physical world.
Types of Representation Art:
Realism
 Sometimes called naturalism, in the arts
is generally the attempt to represent
subject matter truthfully.
Abstraction
  Art that does not attempt to represent an
accurate depiction of a visual reality but
instead use shapes, colors, forms and
gestural marks to achieve its effect.
Impressionism
 Impressionist art were not trying to paint
a reflection of real life, but an
'impression' of what the person, light,
atmosphere, object or landscape looked
like to them.
Aesthetic Theory
 Aestheticism was a late 19th century
European theory based on the idea that
art exists for the sake of its beauty
alone. Good judgements in aesthetics
are grounded in features of artworks
themselves, not just in us and our
preferences.
 Aesthetic qualities are the qualities of an
artwork that speak to the overall feeling
or mood of the artwork. It’s when art
elements and principles come together
to create a sense of beauty, harmony
and feel in the artwork.
 Aesthetic perception according to form,
interpretation, and context of an artwork.
 Example: Portrait of Ambroise Vollard is
an oil-on-canvas painting by Pablo
Picasso, 1910
 Aesthetic theory of art related to the
embedded descriptions and
interpretations of the concepts of art and
its significance to people’s experience
and emotions.
1. Imitationalism
 Representational artwork aims to
represent actual objects or subjects from
reality. Although some forms are taking
steps toward abstraction, they still fall
under the category of representation.
2. Formalism
 It describes the critical position that the
most important aspect of a work of art is
its form. The way it is made and its
purely visual aspects rather than its
narrative content or its relationship to
the visible world.
3. Emotionalism
 Theory of art which places emphasis on
the expressive qualities. According to
this theory, the most important thing
about a work of art is the vivid
communication of moods, feelings, and
ideas.
4. Instrumentalism
 The theory that art should be an
instrument for furthering a point of view
that is moral, social, religious, or political.
This art tends to be persuasive.
5. Institutionalism
 This is a relatively new theory of looking
at art. A new art view championed by
George Dickie in 1974, following on work
by Arthur Danto, that art institutions like
the museums and galleries, or specific
agents working within them, have the
power to dictate what is art and what is
not.
Fundamental Philosophies of Art:
The key to understanding and appreciate art,
each of the following fundamental theories
the enthusiasts, artists (beginner or master)
should consider:
1. Art is human-made.
 Art expresses as a result of the
intricacies of life, as a result of humans
continually searching for meaning,
making meaning out of lived or observed
experiences, and attempting to connect
to other humans
2. Art must be creative not imitative.
 A creative work of art is something that
makes you ask questions and, because it
makes you ask questions, it gets your
creativity flowing.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy human
being.
 Stress Relief
 Confidence Boost
 Problem Solving
 Inspiration
4. Art is expressed through a certain
medium or material by which they
should be known for
 Art is expressed through a certain
medium or material in which they should
be known for. Own unique approach and
concept.
The history of the world is similarly the history
of art, continually intertwined human existence.
For millions of years, as humans roamed the
earth, evolution, and environment shaped
many different cultures depending on location,
weather, natural resources, and food.
Lesson 4: Common Expressions and Art
Forms
Art Forms
An activity or a piece of artistic work that can
be regarded as a medium of artistic
expression.
1. Visual Arts
 Visual arts refers to any piece of work or
creation of art which are primarily visual
in nature with artistic merit. Major forms
are:
a. Painting
 From Latin word ‘pingere’ meaning to
paint. Painting is a category in visual
and fine arts that involve the application
of paint, pigment, color, or other medium
to a surface or support base in order to
present an image of a subject. Paintings
may be done in any surface as walls,
paper, wood, concrete glass, cloth, or
cardboard, etc.
b. Sculpture
 It came from a Latin word ‘sculpere’
which means to cut or removing pieces
from a stone or any materials. It is the
art of carving, modelling, casting,
assembling, and constructing materials
into figures of forms to achieve three-
dimensional piece.
c. Architecture
 The art and technique of designing and
building, as distinguished from the skills
associated with construction. The
practice of architecture is employed to
fulfill both practical and expressive
requirements, and thus it serves both
utilitarian and aesthetic ends.
d. Plastic Arts
 Derived from the word ‘plasticize’,
meaning ‘to mold’ which describes any
art form that involves modelling or
molding in three dimensions. The most
common example of the plastic arts is
sculpture and architecture.
2. Performing Arts
 are art forms in which artists use their
body movements to dance or play music
instruments or use voice to sing in order
to convey artistic expression.
The common performing art forms are:
a. Music
 Music is a form of art that uses sound
organized in time. Music is also a form of
entertainment that puts sounds together
in a way that people like, find interesting
or dance to. Most music includes people
singing with their voices or playing
musical instruments like the piano, guitar,
drums, violin, etc.
Example of Music Ensemble
 Founded in 1973, the Philippine
Philharmonic Orchestra is the resident
symphony orchestra of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines.
b. Opera
 Opera is an art form in which singers and
musicians perform a dramatic work
combining text or ‘libretto’ and musical
score, usually in a theatrical setting.
 Opera incorporates many of the elements
of spoken theatre, such as acting,
scenery, and costumes and sometimes
includes dance. The performance is
typically given in an opera house,
accompanied by an orchestra or smaller
musical ensemble.
Example of Opera Artist
 Armida Siguion-Reyna is known to be a
Harana and Kundiman singer but she
was also noted in the world of operas as
she performed the lead singing roles in
Lucia de Lammersville, Rigoletto, La
Traviata, I Pagliacci, The Merry Widow,
and the zarzuela Ang Mestiza.
c. Dance
 is the art form in which human movement
becomes the medium for sensing,
understanding, and communicating
ideas,
  feelings, and experiences. Dance has its
own content, vocabulary, skills, and
techniques, which must be understood
and applied to be proficient in the art.
Example of Hip-hop Dance Ensemble
 Upeepz won the gold medal in 2016,
Mega Crew, International Dance Hip-
hop Competition. The team was known
for their urban choreography and street
culture advocacy.
d. Drama
 arts are a form of narrative performed on
a stage in front of an audience. These
stories and the way they are portrayed
manifest in a wide variety of styles, also
known as genres. The two oldest genres
are tragedy and comedy and are still
popular theme to theater productions at
present.
Example of Drama Production
 From Lualhati Bautista's novel
Desaparesidos, a 2018 stage play
production in times of political turmoil
which took place during the 1970s.
e. Spoken Words
 poetry is an art that focuses, at its core,
on the words themselves. One quality of
spoken word artists is they tend to have
a general passion for vernacular and
vocabulary. A quality spoken word
artists tend to have is a commanding
stage presence, though its not always
innate, its learned.
Example of Spoken Poetry Artist
 Gilbert Scott-Heron was an American
soul and jazz poet, musician, and
author, known primarily for his work as a
spoken- word performer in the 1970s
and 1980s. Scott-Heron’s poetry
collections to name a few include Small
Talk at 125th and Lenox: A Collection of
Black Poems (1970) and So Far, So
Good (1990).
f. Cinema/Film/Movie
 though art cinema is often defined as an
artistic or experimental work expressing
symbolic meaning through the medium
of film. It is ambiguous, aesthetically
rich, and complex and is now
considered as the highest form of
performing arts.
Example of Cinema Artist
 Switzerland, Charles Spencer Chaplin
Actor, Director and Composer “Charlie
Chaplin” Comedy Act, 1918
Amusement forms of performing arts:
a. Magic and Illusion
 is a form of performing art using the
natural ability to create illusion and
manipulative tricks for the purpose of
entertainment in front of the live
audiences.
b. Mime
 is a form of silent art that involves acting
or communicating using only movements,
gestures, and facial expressions. A
person performing mime is also simple
called a ‘mime’.
c. Puppetry
 is a form of theatre or performance that
involves the manipulation of puppets
inanimate objects, often resembling
some type of human or animal figure,
that are animated or manipulated by a
human called a puppeteer.
d. Circus Act
 circus is a group of many different
performers, often including clowns,
trapeze artists, and animal trainers.
Traditional circuses have performing
animals, clowns, and acrobats, while
more contemporary circuses combine
elements of theater, dance, acrobatics,
and music.
3. Performance Arts
 Performance Art is a form of arts practice
that involves a person or persons
undertaking an action or actions within a
particular timeframe in a particular space
or location for an audience (most of the
time live audience). Central to the
process and execution of Performance
Art is the live presence of the artist and
the real actions of his/her body, to create
and present an ephemeral art experience
to a live audience.
Main characteristic: The primary medium and
conceptual material on which Performance Art
is based is the artist’s own body especially
facial expressions. Other key components are
time, space and the relationship and
connection between performer and audience.
 Characteristics:
It is a legitimate artistic movement.
 It is performed live in front of the
audience.
 It is an advocacy oriented art.
 It has no rules or guidelines. It is art
because the artist says it is art. It is
experimental.
 It may be entertaining, amusing,
shocking or horrifying. It is meant to be
memorable.
It is primarily a not for sale art.
Example
 ‘Modern Men’, An Experimental
Performance Art
 Steady Act, ‘Rhythm 0’, 1979, Social
Experiment by Marina Abramovic,
Russia
 Janine Antoni: Loving care, lick, and
lather
4. Literary Arts
Literary art comes from two words namely:
 Art
 Literature
Art means the expression of human feelings
that have beauty value.
Literature is an absorption word means guide,
guidance or order in the form of text or voice.
 So it can be concluded that literary art is
something in the form of writing or
stories that have artistic and cultural
value that displays the beauty of speech
and language to convey certain
meanings.
Genres of Literature:
a. Fiction
 features imaginary characters and
events. This genre is often broken up
into several subgenres namely: fantasy,
historical fiction, contemporary fiction,
mystery, and science fiction. Each
subgenres could feature interesting
themes like: graphics, comedy, and
romance.
b. Nonfiction
 tells the story of real people and events.
Examples include biographies,
autobiographies, or memoirs.
c. Drama
 a popular category of literature, is a story
created mostly for a stage performance.
The most renowned author of drama was
William Shakespeare, the writer of
Macbeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
d. Poetry
 a style of writing words arranged in a
metrical pattern and often (though not
always) in rhymed verse. Renowned
poets include E.E. Cummings, Robert
Frost, and Maya Angelou.
 Francisco Balagtas, 1788-1862
 Introduced ‘Balagtasan
e. Folktale
 referred to as mythology, tells stories of
originally oral literature and are meant to
pass on particular moral lessons. These
tales often have a timeless quality,
dealing with common concerns that are
relevant despite the time period.
5. Digital and Multimedia Arts ( New
Media Arts )
Remarkable Impacts of New Media Arts to
Contemporary Arts
 The impact of digital technology has
transformed human art expressions such
as painting, drawing and sculpture, music
and literature even in architecture. The
use of new tools which become very
helpful for the artists not only to enhance
but to make artwork in a more creative
process towards innovative and
unexplored paths
 Example: Architecture 3D Printing,
Landscape Digital Painting, Green
Screen
CGI Effects Movies/Films
6. Decorative Arts
Subjects of Art
 1. In general, subject may be thought of as
the ‘what’ in a piece of art such as the
topic, focus, and image. The most
common subjects of art include:
1. Portraiture
2. Still-life
3. Landscape
4. Flora and Fauna
5. Countrylife
6. Religious
7. Mythological
8. Abstraction
In the selection, abstraction is categorized
as non- objective art or non-
representational art while the rest is
categorized as objective art or
representational art.
Portraiture
 Specifically referring to depiction of
human male and female.
 Example: ‘Self-Portrait with Thorn
Necklace and Hummingbird’ is a 1940
painting by Mexican painter Frida Kahlo.
Still-life
 It represents a piece that features an
arrangement of inanimate objects as its
subject.
 Example: ‘Still Life with a Turkey Pie’ is
a 1627 painting by the Dutch painter
Pieter Claesz
Landscape
 is strictly referring to land and water
sceneries and forms. Seascape and
cityscape is also an acceptable term in
specifying particular sceneries.
 Example: ‘The Bridge at Narni’ is an
1826 painting of the Ponte d'Augusto at
Narni by French artist Jean-Baptiste-
Camille Corot.
Flora and Fauna
 artworks representing daily life.
 Example: ‘The Morning in a Pine Forest’
is a painting by Russian artists Ivan
Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky, 1889
Country Life
 artworks representing daily life activities.
 Example: ‘The Fall of Icarus’ portraying
life by theriver and abundant land to
farm by Pieter Bruegel, 1560
Religious
 It represents events objects and persons
related to religious beliefs and practices.
 Example: ‘The Transfiguration’ is the last
painting by the Italian High Renaissance
master Raphael. 1516
Mythological
 it represents supernatural events or
fantasy depiction of people, places and
objects.
 Example: Greek sculpture of Ocean god,
named ‘Marforio’ or ‘Marphurius’, located
in Rome, Italy. Classic mythology in art.
Abstraction
 Art that has no real subjects or
representation is an abstract, a total
departure from reality.
 Example: White Center (Yellow, Pink and
Lavender on Rose) is an abstract
painting by Mark Rothko completed in
1950.
Methods of Presenting Art
Every artist has his own individual and unique
style of doing his artworks. The style is almost
all governed by his expertise and choice of the
methods in presenting his subjects.
1. Realism
2. Surealism
3. Cubism
4. Expressionism
5. Impressionism
6. Symbolism
7. Pointillism
8. Futurism
9. Minimalism
10. Fauvism
11. Dadaism
12. Pure Abstractionism
Realism
 Known also as naturalism, this is an
attempt to represent things as it is with
accuracy and precision.
 Example: ‘The Shepherdess’, also known
as The Little Shepherdess, is a painting
by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
completed in 1889
Surrealism
 An invented word came from super
naturalism or simply beyond realism.
Surrealist attempt to represent subjects
 which is usually the result of dreams or
fantasy.
 Example: ‘I and the Village’ is an oil on
canvas painting by the Belarusian-
French artist Marc Chagall created in
1911.
Cubism
 The cubist want to emphasize the
advantage of using the basic geometric
shapes in presenting any subjects.
Pioneer artists in this method is Brague
and Picasso.
 Example: Cubism, ‘The Bird Seller’ is a
history painting created by a Filipino
visual artist Vicente Manansala, 1976
Expressionism
 Method is a depiction of emotional
realism expression of a real-life subject
based on subjective perspective.
 Example: ‘Jeune garçon au cheval’ is an
oil on canvas painting by Pablo Picasso.
1906
Impressionism
 is a realism art based on the artist’s
impression or perception particularly the
effects of lights on the objects or
subjects.
 Example: ‘Luncheon on the Grass’ is an
1865–1866 oil on canvas painting by
Claude Monet.
Symbolism
 Just like in literature, symbolism in
painting represents absolute reality
using visible signs of object in an
indirect manner.
 Example: ‘Oedipus and the Sphinx’ is an
1864 oil on canvas painting by Gustave
Moreau, 1864
Pointillism
 a unique way of rendering a painting
applying fine dots in the canvas.
 Example: ‘The Beach at Ambleteuse at
Low Tide’ a pointillism painting by Théo
van Rysselberghe
Futurism
 Originated in Italy, this type of painting
depicts motion like the speed of a flying
objects are portrayed dramatically in the
canvas.
 Example: ‘Auroro Sul Golfo’, A futurism
painting by Gerardo Dottori, 1935
Minimalism
 A modern art emphasizes the importance
of shapes and space to depicts minimal
usage of flamboyant display of decorative
design but rather simplicity. This method
is more applicable in sculpture,
architecture and product design.
 Example: ‘She Who Must Be Obeyed’ is
a minimalist sculpture 33’ wide and 16’
deep made by Tony Smith in 1975
Fauvism
 this painting uses bright colors and
attractive shapes that depicts happiness
and positivity.
 Example: ‘The River Seine at Chatou’ by
Maurice de Vlaminck. 1906
Dadaism
 Dada as known to artists, this painting is
shocking in portrayal of political, social,
and cultural issues and subjects.
 Example: ‘Switzerland, Birth-Place of
Dada’ by Max Ernst. 1920
Pure Abstractionism
 from its name, this art is actually a
withdrawal from truth and reality.
 This art is being presented in distortion,
elongation, mangling, cubism and
abstract expressionism.
 Example: ‘The She-Wolf’ is a pure
abstraction painting by Jackson Pollock.
1943
Art, whether you love it or hate it, the purpose is
to elicit a response. Artists produce work as a
result of internal or external stimuli, it is the only
aim should be to cause a reaction. - A.C.
Grayling
LESSON 5: ART COMPOSITION
SECTION 1 FOUNDATION OF ART
 Mediums and Techniques of Art
 Elements of Art
 Principles of Design
Mediums and Technique of Arts
Medium refers to the art materials and tools
and other supplies while technique refers to
how the desired materials are used or applied
to make an art piece.

Medium in art is the material that artists use to

create their art. One piece of art can be made
of one medium or could be made by several
media if several medium is applied to it. The
more you know about the properties of various
mediums, the wider your artistic horizons are.
Drawing
Common Mediums In Making an Art:
 is one of the most basic ways to exercise
1. Watercolors, they are unpredictable. It
your creativity. Whether you’re using a
is hard to change the way it is going to
pencil, pen, crayon, or even your fingers,
disperse once it is applied on the paper.
the skills you gain from the activity
Once you master the skill and the
translate to a bevy of different media.
courage, you will realize that watercolors
But once you do, you’ll have the ability
is one fun art medium in making art.
create images you’re truly proud of.
2. Pastels, chalk pastels are great for
creating textures, blending colors, and  To learn how to handle a particular
layering. This medium in art is known as medium takes a few hours of practice.
luminous and tender. The powder used One needs to open their mind, heart,
for pastel pencils and chalks is a and emotions to feel what is right. Let
pigment itself, that is why the colors are intuition take over, to listen to their gut,
deep, and the effect is stunning. let your hand and fingers do the work
3. Ink is a convenient and affordable art and surprisingly, technique will come.
medium. It comes in the form of a
graphic, fountain, drawing, reed, and Mediums and technique are essentials in
drafting pens or simply ballpoint pens. creating art. After every art is done, it should
Ink goes as paint in small bottles too. It meet the following measurement:
can be used for drawing as well as
calligraphy and writing. 1. Genuineness
4. Pencils, colored pencils are not for kids 2. Aesthetic quality
alone. There is no such thing as a 3. Mastery of skill
‘childish’ medium because everything
depends on how you use it. Pencil Focal Point Technique
artwork has deep, and luminescent
effect aside from it is convenient to use  is the area or areas within a scene
and affordable art medium. that leads to the visual attention of
5. Mixed media is the incorporation of two the viewers. In most cases, the main
or all media of your choice together in a subject of the art is also the focal
unique way. This technique is enjoyable point of the art.
because it allows you to experiment and
can take numerous forms, and there are 1. Contrast
no limits for your imagination to explore. 2. Isolation
3. Placement
Again, there is no such thing as ‘the best 4. Convergence
medium.’ Everything depends on your 5. Unusual
preferences, ideas, and creative
objectives. Try them all and choose the Focal point technique identification:
one you like most.
UNUSUAL
Technique, style, your look, whatever
you want to call it is as individual as your
signature and your art skill should be
your identity. Learning the fundamentals
is simple to do, but like all art, they
require a lot of practice to master.

Pencil Stroke Technique:

CONTRAST Composition,
Elements of Art
Composition of an Artwork
The structure of an artwork refers to the
composition of finished artwork assembled in
harmony by necessary elements based on
artist’s critical taste, planning, and decision
making to create thereby a composition of a
master piece.
1. Elements of Art
2. Principles of Design
 Elements of Art - The structure of an
PLACEMENT
artwork refers to the composition of
finished artwork assembled in harmony
by necessary elements based on artist’s
critical taste, planning, and decision
making to create thereby a composition
of a master piece.

Elements of Art
1. Line - can be vertical, diagonal,
horizontal, and even curved. It can be
any width, size, shape, position,
direction, interval, or density.
ISOLATION 2. Shape - if a line were to curve around
and eventually cross itself, the
enclosed area is called a shape.
Shapes can either be in irregular or
regular geometric form
3. Form - connotes something that is
three-dimensional having length,
width, and height. A form can be
geometric or organic and is also used
to describe the physical nature of the
artwork not only in paintings but in
architecture and sculpture as well.
4. Value - The light or dark quality of a
color. When black is added to a color
CONVERGENCE the value of that color is darkened.
When white is added to a color the
value is lightened or tinted. Value is
 best seen in black and white
photography.
Variance in Value:
 Chiaroscuro – balance of light and
shadow.
 Sfumato – gradual blending of light and
shadow.
 Caravaggio – heavy shadow against
light.
5. Color - is often one of the most
exciting elements in art. In both
figurative and abstract painting,
color can be used for its decorative
beauty, to create mood and to
express or arouse an emotion. In
nature and in art, color has a
profound effect on the viewer.
Characteristics of Color:
 Hue – the color itself.
 Value – dark or light quality of
color.
 Intensity – brightness or
saturation of color
Basic Categories of Color:
 Primary – yellow, red, and blue.
 Secondary – mixture of two primary
colors makes orange, purple, and green.
 Intermediate – mixture of one primary
and secondary color makes blue-green,
yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-
orange, red-violet, and blue violet.
6. Space - refers to the distance or
area between, around, above,
below, or within things. Negative
space in a painting is any volume or
air that is not occupied by a solid
form, positive space is any space in
a painting that is filled with
something, such as lines, colors,
shapes or designs.
Picture Plane within a Space
 Foreground – nearest to the viewer
 Middle ground – layer next to
foreground
 Background – layer after the middle
ground
7. Texture - it describes the feel of
surfaces like smooth, rough, soft,
hard, cold, warm, etc. For example
the optical sensation of the surface
of the wood and how it feels even
without touching it.
8. Time & Motion - is employed in
both static and in time-based
mediums and can show a direct
action or the intended path for the
viewer's eye to follow through a
piece. Techniques such as scale and
proportion are used to create the
feeling of motion or the passing of
time in static visual artwork.
Composition, Principles of Design
Principles of Design - When you look at a
piece of art work, the first thing you will notice is
the composition of the master piece. The
principles of design is an artistic arrangement of
the desired composition according to the
following:
1. Balance - in design covers how the
visual weight of elements are balanced
with each other on both sides of a design
to create cohesiveness, completion, and
satisfaction. To achieve optimal balance,
your composition should be balanced
vertically, horizontally, diagonally, or
background versus foreground.
2. Unity - is the principle of design that
unifies all other principles within a piece
of work, allowing each individual element
to coexist with one another to form an
aesthetically pleasing design.
3. Emphasis - is a strategy that aims to
draw the viewer's attention to a specific
design element. That could be to an area
of content, to an event, to an image, to a
link, or to a button, etc. The aim is to
create a focal point in the design, an eye-
catching part that stands out, distinct
from the rest of the design elements.
4. Contrast - refers to the arrangement of
opposite elements and effects. For
example, light and dark colors, smooth
and rough textures, large and small
shapes. Contrast can be used to create
variety, visual interest, and drama in an
artwork.
5. Pattern - can have multiple meanings
and elements in design. Repetition
focuses on the same object being
repeated. Patterns are made up from
different components which are then
repeated in the same way throughout the
design.
6. Movement - is the path the viewer's eye
takes through the work of art, often to
focal areas. Such movement can be
directed along lines, edges, shape, and
color within the work of art. The main
 goal is for the artist is to direct the
viewers eye movement through an
entire piece to rest on the focus of
interest
7. Rhythm - suggests movement or action.
Rhythm is usually achieved through
repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and
more. It creates a visual tempo in
artworks and provides a path for the
viewer's eye to follow. Rhythms help to
guide the viewer's eye around a piece
rather than allowing the eye to settle on
a particular focal point.
Composition is one of the most important
skills for any one to learn. Straight up. No joke.
It’s all about how to decide what to include and
exclude, and how to arrange it all to create
functional and beautiful objects for our own
benefits.
“The true art is but shadow of the divine
perfection” - Michaelangelo