Computer Architecture and Logic

Design

Lecture No 41 Cache Memory Mapping

Spring 2023, BESE-13AB
Dated 19 May 2023

By Nasir Mahmood
nasir.mahmood@seecs.edu.pk
 Learning Objectives Last lectures
■ Differentiate the term Computer Architecture and
Computer Organisation
■ Understand two important concepts of Abstraction and
Hierarchy
■ ISA vs. Microarchitecture
❑ ISA :Agreed upon interface between software and
hardware
❑ Microarchitecture : Specific implementation of an ISA
■ A computer can perform four basic functions:
■ Data processing

■ Data storage
■ Data movement
■ Control 2
 Motivation of Study of Computer
Architecture
• Hardware vs. Software Knowledge requirements?
❑ Can develop better software if you understand the
underlying hardware
❑ Can design better hardware if you understand what
software it will execute
❑ Can design a better computing system if you understand
both
• Why study Computer Architecture?
• Enable Better Systems, Enable new applications, Enable
better solutions to problems
+
Learning Objectives

■ What
are three ways of main memory
mapping on cache memory?
■ Howis Direct Memory Mapped on
Cache Memory?

Reference: William Stallings Book Chapter 4

Cache and Main Memory
Block Transfer
Word Transfer

CPU Cache Main Memory

Fast Slow

(a) Single cache

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Main

CPU
(L1) cache (L2) cache (L3) cache Memory

Fastest Fast
Less Slow
fast

(b) Three-level cache organization

Figure 4.3 Cache and Main Memory

6
+

■ Mapping Function
■ Direct Mapping
■ Associative Mapping
■ Set Associative Mapping
Mapping Function
■ Because there are fewer cache lines than main memory
blocks, an algorithm is needed for mapping main
memory blocks into cache lines

■ Three techniques can be used:

Direct Associative Set Associative

• The simplest technique • Permits each main • A compromise that
• Maps each block of main memory block to be exhibits the strengths of
memory into only one loaded into any line of the both the direct and
possible cache line cache associative approaches
while reducing their
• The cache control logic
disadvantages
interprets a memory
address simply as a Tag
and a Word field
• To determine whether a
block is in the cache, the
cache control logic must
simultaneously examine
every line’s Tag for a
match
+ Cache and Memory Sizes
Calculations
■ Main Memory Size = 16 MB

■ Cache Size = 64 KB

■ Block Size = 4 Bytes

■ How many lines for Cache memory?

■ 64 KB /4 B=16 K lines
■ How many address lines for accessing cache memory lines?
■ 214 =16 K, address lines for Cache is 14

■ How many Blocks in main memory?

■ 16 MB/4 B =4 Mega blocks

■ How many address lines for accessing Main memory?

■ 224 =16 M, address lines for main memory is 24
+ Cache and Memory Sizes
Calculations
■ Main Memory Size = 32B

■ Cache Size = 16B

■ Block Size = 4 Bytes

■ How many lines for Cache memory?

■ 16 B /4 B=4 lines
■ How many address lines for accessing cache memory lines?
■ 22 =4, address lines for Cache is 2

■ How many Blocks in main memory?

■ 32 B/4 B =8 blocks

■ How many address lines for accessing Main memory?

■ 25 =32 , address lines for main memory is 5
 ■ Main Memory Size = 32B
+
■ Cache Size = 16B

■ Block Size = 4 Bytes

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End of Lecture