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I
Fundamental Principle of Counting
If a choice consists of two steps, the first of
which can be done in p ways,
and for each of these, the second
can be done in q ways,
then the whole choice can be done in pq ways.
1 3 6 7 9
2 8 10
5 4 11 12
Example 1: A prospective buyer of a new car
can choose between manual or automatic
transmission and can also choose from 4
colors: red, blue, pink or green. How many
different choices does the buyer have?
SOLUTION: Two choices for transmission:
manual or automatic, p = 2
Four choices for color:
Red, Blue, Pink, Green, q = 4
Therefore, pq = 2(4) = 8 choices
TRANSMISSION COLOR OUTCOMES
Solution:
p=3 q=2 pq = 3(2) = 6
Tree Diagram – systematic way of
listing all the possible choices.
P Y P - 2 8 8
MATATAG NA REPUBLIKA 2012
26 x 26 x 26 x 10 x 10 x 10
= 17,576,000 license plates
Suppose there are no repetitions
of letters and digits
26 x 25 x 24 x 10 x 9 x 8 = 11,232,000
Looking for Hit-and-Run Plate Number
Letters A to Z 0 1 2 3 5
except X and L 6 7 8 9
X L __ 4 __ __
1x1 x 24 x 1 x 9 x 8
= 1,728 registrations
In how many ways can
a clown distribute 10
balloons with different
colors to 5 children if
each child gets only
one balloon?
10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6
= 30,240 ways
How many 11-digit cellphone
numbers can be formed if
each begins with 0917?
0 9 1 7 __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Each digit has 10 choices
(10)(10)(10)(10)(10)(10)(10) = 10,000,000
If there are 7 doors providing access to
St. La Salle Hall, in how many ways can
a person enter the hall by one door and
leave by a different door?
Ans. (7)(6) = 42
A pizza can be ordered with 3 choices of size
(small, medium, or large), 4 choices of crust
(thin, thick, crispy, or regular), and 5 choices
of toppings (beef, bacon, pepperoni, cheese
or mushroom). How many one-topping pizzas
can be ordered?
Ans.
(3)(4)(5) = 60 pizzas
Thank you!