2/22/2011

Deuterostomes Echinodermata and Hemichordata

Anus forms at or near the blastopore Radial and indeterminate cleavage

Enterocoelous coelomates
Calcarea and Silicea ANCESTRAL PROTIST Eumetazoa Cnidaria

ZOO 3
Prof. Eleanor Aurellado

Common ancestor of all animals

Lophotrochozoa

Bilateria

Ecdysozoa

Deuterostomia

Echinodermata
Endoskeleton of

Water vascular system

Derived from the

calcareous ossicles often with spines

Pedicellariae pincers used for picking debris

coelom System of canals which open from the madreporite leading to tube feet or podia

Locomotion Feeding Respiration Sensing

2/22/2011

Pentaradial symmetry
Tube feet Adults show 5-part symmetry Larvae are bilateral

protrude through ambulacral grooves Ambulacral grooves can be open or closed

Fossil records also show bilateral ancestors

Development
Metamorphosis involves a reorganization into

Why five?
Evolution of endoskeleton may be responsible Skeleton is stronger if joints (weak points) are not

a radial juvenile.

Left/right becomes oral/aboral.

opposite each other

2/22/2011

Other characteristics
Decentralized nervous

Importance of echinoderms
Ornamental trade

system (nerve rings and radial nerves) No excretory or osmoregulatory system

Confined in marine habitats

Mutable connective

tissue

Capable of rapid reversible changes in stiffness

Ecological impacts

Hazardous

Acanthaster (crown-of-thorns starfish) feeding on coral

2/22/2011

Food

Habitat
Pearlfish living inside Bohadschia (sea cucumber)

Sea urchin roe or uni (Japanese sushi)

Clingfish living on arms of a feather star Sea cucumber (Chinese cuisine) Tripneustes

Echinoderm Classes

Class Crinoidea (feather stars and sea lilies)

2/22/2011

Form and function

Have feathery arms

Sea lilies
Have stalk for

with pinnules Ambulacral grooves ciliated and with tube feet Suspension feeders Both mouth and anus open on the upper surface

attachment to the bottom Dominated the Paleozoic fossil record Sessile lifestyle may explain why echinoderms became radially symmetrical

Feather stars
Modern sea lilies Has no stalk, found in coral reefs Can swim by undulating their arms

live in deep seas Some are known to creep along the ocean floor using their arms

Endoxocrinus

2/22/2011

Class Asteroidea (sea stars)

Form and function

Common on shores and coral reefs Arms broadly connected to central disk

Madreporite on aboral surface

Linckia laevigata

Protoreaster nodosus

Mouth on underside Open ambulacral grooves Podia with ampullae

Skin with gills called dermal branchiae With pedicellariae

2/22/2011

Feeding
Carnivorous Stomach everted

Regeneration
Can replace lost arms Can regenerate a new individual from an arm

through the mouth

Sea daisies
Formerly Class Concentricycloidea Discovered in 1986 from deep seas off New Water vascular system consists of a double

Zealand

ring of canals No arms

Xyloplax turnerae

2/22/2011

Class Ophiuroidea (brittlestars and basket stars)

Form and function

Arms distinctly marked

off from central disc Closed ambulacral grooves Podia for food gathering and w/o ampullae No anus and pedicellariae

Brittlestars or serpent stars

Madreporite on oral surface Bursae

Can cast off their arms (autotomy) Flexible unbranched arms used for

Respiration Reproduction

locomotion

2/22/2011

Basketstars
Sessile suspension feeders Branching arms

Class Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)

Form and function

Ossicles fused into a rigid test With spines and pedicellariae

Feeding
Herbivorous with long intestine Feeding apparatus called Aristotle's lantern

2/22/2011

Sea urchins
Pedicellariae sometimes with toxins Used to cover themselves with debris

Astropyga radiata Toxopneustes Tripneustes

Diadema setosum

Sand dollars
Flattened test with short spines Podia for food gathering and respiration

Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

which protrude through petaloids

10

2/22/2011

Form and function

Elongated body Reduced dermal ossicles

Madreporite internal Respiratory tree

Oral podia modified into

tentacles

Deposit feeders

Other sea cucumbers

Can eviscerate themselves in defense Cuvierian tubules Toxins Can regenerate
Synapta

Holothuria

11