Constants

R= 0.08206 L-atm/gmol-K

Given
Tc= 647.4 critical temperature (K)
Pc= 218.3 critical pressure (atm)
Pr= 1 reduced pressure (dimensionless)
Tr= 1.2 reduced temperature (dimensionless)

RK equation constants
a= 140.6199 0.42747*R^2 * Tc ^ 2.5 / Pc # Eq.(2-2)
b= 0.021085 0.08664 * R * Tc / Pc # Eq.(2-3)

Calculated Values
r= 0.019565 Asqr * B # Eq.(2-6)
q= -0.193577 B ^ 2 + B - Asqr # Eq.(2-7)
Asqr= 0.27099 0.42747 * Pr / (Tr ^ 2.5) # Eq.(2-8)
B= 0.0722 0.08664 * Pr / Tr # Eq.(2-9)
C= 0.000111 (f/3) ^ 3 + (g / 2) ^ 2 # Eq.(2-10)
f= -0.139757 (-3 * q - 1) / 3 # Eq.(2-11)
g= -0.029114 (-27 * r - 9 * q - 2) / 27 # Eq.(2-12)
z= 0.785203 If (C > 0) Then (D + E + 1 / 3) Else (0) # Eq.(2-13), Compressibility factor
D= 0.292726 If (C > 0) Then ((-g / 2 + sqrt(C)) ^ (1 / 3)) Else (0) # Eq.(2-14)
E1= 0.004031 If (C > 0) Then (-g / 2 - sqrt(C)) Else (0) # Eq.(2-15)
E= 0.159144 If (C > 0) Then ((sign(E1) * (abs(E1)) ^ (1 / 3))) Else (0) # Eq.(2-15)

Final Answer
P= 218.3 Pr * Pc # Pressure (atm)
T= 776.88 Tr * Tc # Temperature (K)
V= 0.229305 z * R * T / P # Molar volume (L/g-mol)
%error= 173.9608 %
 Data base Value
V= 0.0837 L/g-mol

essibility factor
Constants
R= 0.08206 L-atm/gmol-K

Given
Tc= 647.4 critical temperature (K)
Pc= 218.3 critical pressure (atm)
Pr= 1.2 reduced pressure (dimensionless)
Tr= 1 reduced temperature (dimensionless)

RK equation constants
a= 140.6199 0.42747*R^2 * Tc ^ 2.5 / Pc # Eq.(2-2)
b= 0.021085 0.08664 * R * Tc / Pc # Eq.(2-3)

Calculated Values
r= 0.053332 Asqr * B # Eq.(2-6)
q= -0.398187 B ^ 2 + B - Asqr # Eq.(2-7)
Asqr= 0.512964 0.42747 * Pr / (Tr ^ 2.5) # Eq.(2-8)
B= 0.103968 0.08664 * Pr / Tr # Eq.(2-9)
C= 1.719E-05 (f/3) ^ 3 + (g / 2) ^ 2 # Eq.(2-10)
f= 0.064853 (-3 * q - 1) / 3 # Eq.(2-11)
g= 0.005323 (-27 * r - 9 * q - 2) / 27 # Eq.(2-12)
z= 0.25788 If (C > 0) Then (D + E + 1 / 3) Else (0) # Eq.(2-13), Compressibility factor
D= 0.114066 If (C > 0) Then ((-g / 2 + sqrt(C)) ^ (1 / 3)) Else (0) # Eq.(2-14)
E1= -0.006807 If (C > 0) Then (-g / 2 - sqrt(C)) Else (0) # Eq.(2-15)
E= -0.18952 If (C > 0) Then ((sign(E1) * (abs(E1)) ^ (1 / 3))) Else (0) # Eq.(2-15)

Final Answer
P= 261.96 Pr * Pc # Pressure (atm)
T= 647.4 Tr * Tc # Temperature (K)
V= 0.052298 z * R * T / P # Molar volume (L/g-mol)
%error= -37.51706 %

Data base Value

V= 0.0837 L/g-mol
Compressibility Factor at various Tr and Pr
Compressibility Factor (z)
Pr Tr=1 Tr=1.2 Tr=1.5 Tr=2 Tr=3
0.25788 1 1.2 1.5 2 3
0.1
0.2
0.4
Compressibility Fact
0.6
0.8 12
1
1.2
10
1.4
1.6
1.8 8

Compressibility factor (z)

2
2.2
6
2.4
2.6
2.8 4
3
3.2 2
3.4
3.6
0
3.8 0 2 4
4 Reduced Pressure
4.2
4.4
Tr=1 Tr=1.2 Tr=1.
4.6
4.8
5
5.2 12
5.4
5.6
10
5.8
6
8
6.2
6.4
6
6.6
6.8
7 4
7.2
7.4 2
7.6
7.8 0
8 0 1 2 3 4
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
 Molar Volume at various Tr and Pr

P Pr
0.052298
21.83 0.1
43.66 0.2
87.32 0.4
ompressibility Factor for Steam
130.98 0.6
174.64 0.8
218.3 1
261.96 1.2
305.62 1.4
349.28 1.6
392.94 1.8
436.6 2
480.26 2.2
523.92 2.4
567.58 2.6
611.24 2.8
654.9 3
698.56 3.2
742.22 3.4
785.88 3.6
2 4 6 8 10 829.54 3.8
Reduced Pressure (Tr) in atm
873.2 4
916.86 4.2
960.52 4.4
Tr=1 Tr=1.2 Tr=1.5 Tr=2 Tr=3
1004.18 4.6
1047.84 4.8
1091.5 5
1135.16 5.2
1178.82 5.4
1222.48 5.6
1266.14 5.8
1309.8 6
1353.46 6.2
1397.12 6.4
1440.78 6.6
1484.44 6.8
1528.1 7
1571.76 7.2
1615.42 7.4
1659.08 7.6
1702.74 7.8
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1746.4 8
1790.06 8.2
1833.72 8.4
1877.38 8.6
1921.04 8.8
1964.7 9
2008.36 9.2
2052.02 9.4
2095.68 9.6
2139.34 9.8
2183 10
ume at various Tr and Pr
Molar Volume (V)
Tr=1 Tr=1.2 Tr=1.5 Tr=2 Tr=3
1 1.2 1.5 2 3

Molar Volume for Steam

10

Molar Volume (L/g-mol)

1
10 100 1000
Pressure (atm)

Tr=1 Tr=1.2 Tr=1.5 Tr=2

olume for Steam

0 1000 10000
Pressure (atm)

Tr=1.5 Tr=2 Tr=3

Given
L= 1000 ft #Effective pipe length
D= 7.981 in #inside diameter of pipe
T= 60 degF # Temperature
epsilon= 0.00015 ft #surface roughness of pipe
P1= 150 psig #pressure at point 1
P2= 14.7 psia #pressure at point 2
z1= 0 ft #elevation at point 1
z2= 300 ft #elevation at point 2

Constants
pi= 3.1415926535898 dimensionless #the constant pi
gc= 32.174 ft-lbm/lbf-s^2 #conversion factor

Calculation
rho= 62.353937 lbm/ft3 #rho=62.122+T*(0.0122+T*(-1.54e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10))
mu= 0.000761 lbm/ft-s #mu=exp(-11.0318+1057.51/(T+214.624))
D= 0.665083 ft #D=D/12 (ft)
Re= 632920.001240 dimensionless #Re= rho*D*v/mu
P1= 164.700000 psia #P1 (psia) = P1+14.7
deltaP= -150.000000 psia #deltaP=P2-P1
deltaz= 300.000000 ft #deltaz= z2-z1
eoD= 0.000226 dimensionless #eoD=epsilon/D
#fF=If (Re < 2100) Then (16 / Re) Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7
fF= 0.003848 dimensionless - 5.02 * log(eoD / 3.7 + 14.5 / Re) / Re)) ^ 2))
Implicit Eqns f(v)= -0.000906 #f(v)=v - sqrt((32.174 * deltaz + deltaP * 144 * 32.174 / rho) /(0
Implicit Vars v= 11.612375 v(0) #Use Goal Seek Tool
q= 181.081458 gal/min #q=v * pi * D ^ 2 / 4*7.481 * 60

How to Use Goal Seek Tool:

Go to Data > What-If Analysis > Goal See
Choose the value you want to set (in this
4e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10)))

Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7

) / Re)) ^ 2))
deltaP * 144 * 32.174 / rho) /(0.5 - 2 * fF * L / D))

e Goal Seek Tool:

a > What-If Analysis > Goal Seek
e value you want to set (in this case we want to change f(v) to zero) by changing the value of a specific cell (in this case the value for v)
his case the value for v).
Given
L= 1000 ft #Effective pipe length
D= 7.981 in #inside diameter of pipe
T= 60 degF # Temperature
epsilon= 0.00015 ft #surface roughness of pipe
P1= 150 psig #pressure at point 1
P2= 14.7 psia #pressure at point 2
z1= 0 ft #elevation at point 1
z2= 300 ft #elevation at point 2

Constants
pi= 3.1415926535898 dimensionless #the constant pi
gc= 32.174 ft-lbm/lbf-s^2 #conversion factor

Calculation
rho= 62.353937 lbm/ft3 #rho=62.122+T*(0.0122+T*(-1.54e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10))
mu= 0.000761 lbm/ft-s #mu=exp(-11.0318+1057.51/(T+214.624))
D= 0.665083 ft #D=D/12 (ft)
P1= 0.000000 psia #P1 (psia) = P1+14.7
deltaP= 164.700000 psia #deltaP=P2-P1
deltaz= -150.000000 ft #deltaz= z2-z1
eoD= 300.000000 dimensionless #eoD=epsilon/D
Re= 0.000226 dimensionless #Re= rho*D*v/mu
#fF=If (Re < 2100) Then (16 / Re) Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7
fF= 0.000000 dimensionless - 5.02 * log(eoD / 3.7 + 14.5 / Re) / Re)) ^ 2))
v(i) 5.000000 #initial value
v(i+1) 0.000000 v(0) #iteration v(i+1)=SQRT((((32.174 *deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) * 3
q= 0.000000 gal/min #q=v * pi * D ^ 2 / 4*7.481 * 60
error= dimensionless #abs(v(i+1)-v(i))
 Iteration Re= fF= v(i)
0 272519.6 0.000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

4e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10)))

Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7

) / Re)) ^ 2))

*deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) * 32.174) / rho))/(0.5 -(((2 * fF)*L) / D))))

v(i+1) q= error=

v= 0.0000 ft/s
q= 0.0000 gal/min
Given
L= 1000 ft #Effective pipe length
D= 0.665083333333333 in #inside diameter of pipe
T= 60 degF # Temperature
epsilon= 0.00015 ft #surface roughness of pipe
P1= 150 psig #pressure at point 1
P2= 14.7 psia #pressure at point 2
z1= 0 ft #elevation at point 1
z2= 300 ft #elevation at point 2

Constants
pi= 3.14159265358979 dimensionless #the constant pi
gc= 32.174 ft-lbm/lbf-s^2 #conversion factor

Calculation
rho= 62.353937 lbm/ft3 #rho=62.122+T*(0.0122+T*(-1.54e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10
mu= 0.000761 lbm/ft-s #mu=exp(-11.0318+1057.51/(T+214.624))
D= 0.665083 ft #D=D/12 (ft)
P1= 164.700000 psia #P1 (psia) = P1+14.7
deltaP= -150.000000 psia #deltaP=P2-P1
deltaz= 300.000000 ft #deltaz= z2-z1
eoD= 0.000226 dimensionless #eoD=epsilon/D
Re= 572291.178771 dimensionless #Re= rho*D*v/mu
#fF=If (Re < 2100) Then (16 / Re) Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7
fF= 0.003877 dimensionless - 5.02 * log(eoD / 3.7 + 14.5 / Re) / Re)) ^ 2))
v(i) 10.500000 #initial value
v(i+1) 11.567599 v(0) #iteration v(i+1)=SQRT((((32.174 *deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) *
q= 1803.832298 gal/min #q=v * pi * D ^ 2 / 4*7.481 * 60
error= 1.06759947478454 dimensionless #abs(v(i+1)-v(i))
 Iteration Re= fF= v(i)
0 572291.2 0.003877 10.5000
1 630479.5 0.003849 11.5676
2 632876.6 0.003848 11.6116
3 632967.8 0.003848 11.6133
4 632971.2 0.003848 11.6133
5 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133
6 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133
7 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133
8 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133
9 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133
10 632971.3 0.003848 11.6133

4e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10)))

Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7

) / Re)) ^ 2))

*deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) * 32.174) / rho))/(0.5 -(((2 * fF)*L) / D))))

v(i+1) q= error= L(ft) D=4" D=5" D=6"
11.5676 1637.3526 1.0675994747846 11.61332 0.336 0.421 0.505
11.6116 1803.8323 0.0439799491712 500
11.6133 1810.6905 0.0016721922046 1000
11.6133 1810.9512 6.3378766848E-05 1500
11.6133 1810.9611 2.4018684996E-06 2000
11.6133 1810.9615 9.1023327542E-08 2500
11.6133 1810.9615 3.4494966883E-09 3000
11.6133 1810.9615 1.3072565253E-10 3500
11.6133 1810.9615 4.9542592251E-12 4000
11.6133 1810.9615 1.9007018182E-13 4500
11.6133 1810.9615 0 5000
5500
6000
v= 11.6133 ft/s 6500
q= 1810.9615 gal/min 7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000

Flow Velocity Plot versus Pipe Length and Diameter

12

10

8
Velocity (ft/s)

D=4"
6 D=5"
D=6"
4 D=8"

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pipe Length (ft)
 D=8" L(ft) D=4" D=5" D=6" D=8"
0.665 1810.961 0.336 0.421 0.505 0.665
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000

meter Flow Rate versus Pipe Length and Diameter

12

10
Flow Rate (gal/mimn)

8
D=4"
D=5" 6
D=6"
D=8" 4

0
00 9000 10000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pipe Length (ft)
r

000 9000 10000

Given
L= 1000 ft #Effective pipe length
D= 0.6650833333333 in #inside diameter of pipe
T= 60 degF # Temperature
epsilon= 0.00015 ft #surface roughness of pipe
P1= 150 psig #pressure at point 1
P2= 14.7 psia #pressure at point 2
z1= 0 ft #elevation at point 1
z2= 300 ft #elevation at point 2

Constants
pi= 3.1415926535898 dimensionless #the constant pi
gc= 32.174 ft-lbm/lbf-s^2 #conversion factor

Calculation
rho= 62.353937 lbm/ft3 #rho=62.122+T*(0.0122+T*(-1.54e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10))
mu= 0.000761 lbm/ft-s #mu=exp(-11.0318+1057.51/(T+214.624))
D= 0.665083 ft #D=D/12 (ft)
P1= 164.700000 psia #P1 (psia) = P1+14.7
deltaP= -150.000000 psia #deltaP=P2-P1
deltaz= 300.000000 ft #deltaz= z2-z1
eoD= 0.000226 dimensionless #eoD=epsilon/D
Re= 572291.178771 dimensionless #Re= rho*D*v/mu
#fF=If (Re < 2100) Then (16 / Re) Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7
fF= 0.003877 dimensionless - 5.02 * log(eoD / 3.7 + 14.5 / Re) / Re)) ^ 2))
v(i) 10.500000 #initial value
v(i+1) 11.567599 v(0) #iteration v(i+1)=SQRT((((32.174 *deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) * 3
q= 1803.832298 gal/min #q=v * pi * D ^ 2 / 4*7.481 * 60
error= 1.0675994747846 dimensionless #abs(v(i+1)-v(i))
 Iteration Re= fF= v(i)
0 572291 0.003877 10.5000
1 630480 0.003849 11.5676
2 632877 0.003848 11.6116
3 632968 0.003848 11.6133
4 632971 0.003848 11.6133
5 632971 0.003848 11.6133
6 632971 0.003848 11.6133
7 632971 0.003848 11.6133
8 632971 0.003848 11.6133
9 632971 0.003848 11.6133
10 632971 0.003848 11.6133

4e-4+T*(2.65e-7-T*2.24e-10)))

Else (1 / (16 * (log(eoD / 3.7

) / Re)) ^ 2))

*deltaz) + (((deltaP * 144) * 32.174) / rho))/(0.5 -(((2 * fF)*L) / D))))

v(i+1) q= error= T= q(gal/min)= rho (lbm/ft3)= mu (lbm/ft-s)=
11.5676 1637.3526 1.067599 1810.961 0.6651
11.6116 1803.8323 0.04398 40 62.379987 0.00103
11.6133 1810.6905 0.001672 60 62.353937 0.00076
11.6133 1810.9512 6.338E-05 100 62.044600 0.00047
11.6133 1810.9611 2.402E-06
11.6133 1810.9615 9.102E-08
11.6133 1810.9615 3.449E-09
11.6133 1810.9615 1.307E-10
11.6133 1810.9615 4.954E-12
11.6133 1810.9615 1.901E-13
11.6133 1810.9615 0

v= 11.6133 ft/s
q= 1810.9615 gal/min
Example 2-3a
T_K T_K^2 T_K^3 Cp Cp calc Cp residual Cp residual^2
50.0 2.50E+03 1.25E+05 33390.0 29705.7 -3684.3 13573897.11
100.0 1.00E+04 1.00E+06 35650.0 34524.7 -1125.3 1266247.05
150.0 2.25E+04 3.38E+06 38660.0 39481.8 821.8 675405.76
200.0 4.00E+04 8.00E+06 42260.0 44554.6 2294.6 5265326.99
273.2 7.46E+04 2.04E+07 49540.0 52139.0 2599.0 6754836.99
298.2 8.89E+04 2.65E+07 52470.0 54762.9 2292.9 5257295.26
300.0 9.00E+04 2.70E+07 52720.0 54957.6 2237.6 5007065.04
400.0 1.60E+05 6.40E+07 65480.0 65554.5 74.5 5544.21
500.0 2.50E+05 1.25E+08 77990.0 76165.8 -1824.2 3327883.90
600.0 3.60E+05 2.16E+08 89240.0 86612.2 -2627.8 6905298.04
700.0 4.90E+05 3.43E+08 99200.0 96714.5 -2485.5 6177659.25
800.0 6.40E+05 5.12E+08 107990.0 106293.3 -1696.7 2878633.37
900.0 8.10E+05 7.29E+08 115770.0 115169.4 -600.6 360721.00
1000.0 1.00E+06 1.00E+09 122590.0 123163.4 573.4 328734.53
1100.0 1.21E+06 1.33E+09 128570.0 130095.9 1525.9 2328351.46
1200.0 1.44E+06 1.73E+09 133850.0 135787.7 1937.7 3754694.97
1300.0 1.69E+06 2.20E+09 138410.0 140059.5 1649.5 2720743.81
1400.0 1.96E+06 2.74E+09 142420.0 142731.9 311.9 97263.29
1500.0 2.25E+06 3.38E+09 145900.0 143625.6 -2274.4 5172910.83

Example 2-3a
T_K T_K^2 T_K^3 T_K^4 T_K^5 Cp Cp calc Cp residual
50.0 3.34E+04
100.0 3.57E+04
150.0 3.87E+04
200.0 4.23E+04
273.2 4.95E+04
298.2 5.25E+04
300.0 5.27E+04
400.0 6.55E+04
500.0 7.80E+04
600.0 8.92E+04
700.0 9.92E+04
800.0 1.08E+05
900.0 1.16E+05
1000.0 1.23E+05
1100.0 1.29E+05
1200.0 1.34E+05
1300.0 1.38E+05
1400.0 1.42E+05
1500.0 1.46E+05
 a3 a2 a1 a0
Coefficients -3.0E-05 0.0365870992 91.41495 25047.243448 Third-Deg
Std. dev. (s) 7.608270542E-06 0.0177465117 11.64851 1943.4451984
R^2, SE(y) 0.9975999496802 2188.736513 #N/A #N/A
160000.0
Variance 4790567.5235441
140000.0

Heat Capacity (J/kg-mol-K)

Sum of Squares 71858512.853162 120000.0
Model Cp=a3*T_K^3 + a2*T_K^2 + a1*T_K + a0 100000.0
80000.0
60000.0
40000.0
20000.0
0.0
0.0

Cp residual^2 a5 a4 a3 a2
Coefficients
Std. dev. (s)
R^2, SE(y)
Variance 0
Sum of Squares 0.00E+00
Model Cp=a5*T^5+a4*T^4+a3*T_K^3 + a2*T_K^2 + a1*T_K + a0

12

10

8
Residuals

0
30,000.00 50,000.00 70,000.00 90,000.00 110,000.00 130,000.00 150,000.00
Cp Calculated (J/kmol-K
 0
30,000.00 50,000.00 70,000.00 90,000.00 110,000.00 130,000.00 150,000.00
Cp Calculated (J/kmol-K
 Third-Degree Polynomial Representation for Heat Residual Plot for Heat Capacity Repres
Polynomial for Data
Capacity of Ethane
3000.0
160000.0
2000.0
140000.0
Heat Capacity (J/kg-mol-K)

120000.0 1000.0

100000.0 0.0

Residuals
80000.0 -1000.0
60000.0
-2000.0
40000.0
-3000.0
20000.0
-4000.0
0.0
0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1400.0 1600.0 30000.0 50000.0 70000.0 90000.
T (K) Expected C

a1 a0

^2 + a1*T_K + a0

30,000.00 150,000.00
30,000.00 150,000.00
al Plot for Heat Capacity Represented by Third-Degree
Polynomial for Data Set A

0 50000.0 70000.0 90000.0 110000.0 130000.0 150000.0

Expected Cp
Example 2-3b
T_K T_K^2 T_K^3 T_K^4 T_K^5 Cp Cp_Calc Cp_residuals Cp_residuals^2
100 35698.00
110 36249.00
120 36817.00
130 37401.00
140 38003.00
150 38628.00
160 39279.00
170 39961.00
180 40680.00
190 41439.00
200 42243.00
210 43092.00
220 43989.00
230 44934.00
240 45924.00
250 46959.00
260 48036.00
270 49151.00
280 50302.00
290 51484.00
300 52692.00
310 53926.00
320 55178.00
330 56446.00
340 57727.00
350 59017.00
360 60313.00
370 61612.00
380 62913.00
390 64212.00
400 65507.00
410 66798.00
420 68082.00
430 69357.00
440 70624.00
450 71880.00
460 73126.00
470 74360.00
480 75582.00
490 76791.00
500 77987.00
CpD CpD_residuals a5 a4 a3 a2
Coefficients
Std. dev. (s)
R^2, SE(y)
Variance 0
Sum of Squares 0
Model Cp=a5*T^5+a4*T^4+a3*T_K^3 + a2*T_K^2 + a1*T_K + a0

A or a0 B or a1 C or a2 D
Coefficients 4.03E+04 1.34E+05 1.66E+03 7.32E+04
3.17E+04 2.66E+01 1.29E-01

12.00

10.00

8.00
Residuals

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
30000.00 40000.00 50000.00 60000.00 70000.00 80000.00
Cp expected

Cp_calc residuals CpD residuals

 a1 a0

T_K^2 + a1*T_K + a0

E
7.53E+02

70000.00 80000.00
Example 2-3c
T_K TR t t1.5 t3 t6 Vp (Pa) lnPR lnPr_calc lnPr_residuals lnPR_residuals^2
92 1.7
94 2.8
96 4.6
98 7.2
100 11.0
102 17.0
104 25.0
106 37.0
108 53.0
110 75.0
112 100.0
114 140.0
116 200.0 Residual Plot in
118 270.0
120 350.0 12.0000
122 470.0
124 610.0 10.0000
126 790.0
8.0000
128 1000.0

Residual
130 1300.0 6.0000
132 1600.0
134 2000.0 4.0000
136 2500.0
138 3100.0 2.0000
140 3800.0
0.0000
142 4700.0
0.0000 2.
144 5600.0
146 6800.0
148 8100.0
150 9700.0
152 11000.0
154 13000.0
156 16000.0
158 18000.0
160 21000.0
162 25000.0
164 29000.0
166 33000.0
168 38000.0
170 43000.0
172 49000.0
174 55000.0
176 62000.0
178 70000.0
180 79000.0
182 88000.0
184 98000.0
186 109000.0
188 122000.0
190 135000.0
192 149000.0
194 164000.0
196 181000.0
198 198000.0
200 217000.0
202 238000.0
204 260000.0
206 283000.0
208 308000.0
210 334000.0
212 362000.0
214 392000.0
216 423000.0
218 457000.0
220 492000.0
222 530000.0
224 569000.0
226 611000.0
228 654000.0
230 700000.0
232 749000.0
234 800000.0
236 853000.0
238 909000.0
240 967000.0
242 1028000.0
244 1092000.0
246 1159000.0
248 1229000.0
250 1301000.0
252 1377000.0
254 1456000.0
256 1538000.0
258 1623000.0
260 1712000.0
262 1804000.0
264 1900000.0
266 1999000.0
268 2103000.0
270 2210000.0
272 2321000.0
274 2436000.0
276 2555000.0
278 2678000.0
280 2806000.0
282 2938000.0
284 3075000.0
286 3216000.0
288 3363000.0
290 3514000.0
292 3671000.0
294 3834000.0
296 4002000.0
298 4176000.0
300 4356000.0
302 4543000.0
 Given
Tc= 305.32 K #critical temperature
Pc= 4.87E+06 Pa #critical pressure

a b c d
Coefficients
Std. dev. (s)
R^2, SE(y)
Variance 0
Sum of Squares 0
Model lnPr=(at+bt^1.5+ct^3+dt^6)/TR

Residual Plot in Excel for Ethane Vapor Pressure Data Represented by

the Wagner Equation
12.0000

10.0000

8.0000
Residual

6.0000

4.0000

2.0000

0.0000
0.0000 2.0000 4.0000 6.0000 8.0000 10.0000 12.0000
ln(P/Pr)
Example 2-3c
T_K TR t t1.5 t3 t6 Vp (Pa) lnPR lnPr_calc lnPr_residuals lnPR_residuals^2 lnPR_calc DIPPR
92 0.3013 2.3187 1.9381 1.1319 0.3860 1.7 -14.8684 -14.8526 0.0157 0.0002
94 0.3079 2.2481 1.8703 1.0769 0.3571 2.8 -14.3694 -14.3557 0.0137 0.0002
96 0.3144 2.1804 1.8054 1.0248 0.3302 4.6 -13.8730 -13.8814 -0.0084 0.0001
98 0.3210 2.1155 1.7432 0.9754 0.3054 7.2 -13.4249 -13.4283 -0.0034 0.0000
100 0.3275 2.0532 1.6837 0.9285 0.2824 11.0 -13.0011 -12.9952 0.0059 0.0000
102 0.3341 1.9933 1.6266 0.8840 0.2610 17.0 -12.5658 -12.5808 -0.0150 0.0002
104 0.3406 1.9358 1.5719 0.8416 0.2413 25.0 -12.1801 -12.1840 -0.0038 0.0000
106 0.3472 1.8804 1.5193 0.8014 0.2230 37.0 -11.7881 -11.8037 -0.0156 0.0002
108 0.3537 1.8270 1.4688 0.7631 0.2060 53.0 -11.4287 -11.4390 -0.0102 0.0001
110 0.3603 1.7756 1.4202 0.7267 0.1902 75.0 -11.0815 -11.0889 -0.0074 0.0001
112 0.3668 1.7261 1.3735 0.6920 0.1757 100.0 -10.7938 -10.7527 0.0411 0.0017
114 0.3734 1.6782 1.3285 0.6590 0.1621 140.0 -10.4574 -10.4296 0.0278 0.0008
116 0.3799 1.6321 1.2852 0.6275 0.1496 200.0 -10.1007 -10.1189 -0.0182 0.0003
118 0.3865 1.5875 1.2434 0.5975 0.1380 270.0 -9.8006 -9.8199 -0.0193 0.0004
120 0.3930 1.5443 1.2032 0.5690 0.1272 350.0 -9.5411 -9.5320 0.0091 0.0001
122 0.3996 1.5026 1.1643 0.5417 0.1173 470.0 -9.2463 -9.2546 -0.0083 0.0001
124 0.4061 1.4623 1.1269 0.5157 0.1080 610.0 -8.9856 -8.9871 -0.0016 0.0000
126 0.4127 1.4232 1.0907 0.4909 0.0995 790.0 -8.7270 -8.7292 -0.0022 0.0000
128 0.4192 1.3853 1.0557 0.4673 0.0915 1000.0 -8.4913 -8.4802 0.0111 0.0001
130 0.4258 1.3486 1.0219 0.4447 0.0842 1300.0 -8.2289 -8.2398 -0.0109 0.0001
132 0.4323 1.3130 0.9893 0.4231 0.0774 1600.0 -8.0213 -8.0075 0.0137 0.0002
134 0.4389 1.2785 0.9577 0.4025 0.0711 2000.0 -7.7981 -7.7830 0.0151 0.0002
136 0.4454 1.2450 0.9271 0.3829 0.0653 2500.0 -7.5750 -7.5659 0.0091 0.0001
138 0.4520 1.2125 0.8976 0.3641 0.0599 3100.0 -7.3599 -7.3558 0.0041 0.0000
140 0.4585 1.1809 0.8689 0.3462 0.0550 3800.0 -7.1563 -7.1524 0.0039 0.0000
142 0.4651 1.1501 0.8412 0.3291 0.0504 4700.0 -6.9437 -6.9554 -0.0117 0.0001
144 0.4716 1.1203 0.8143 0.3127 0.0461 5600.0 -6.7685 -6.7645 0.0040 0.0000
146 0.4782 1.0912 0.7883 0.2971 0.0422 6800.0 -6.5743 -6.5795 -0.0052 0.0000
148 0.4847 1.0630 0.7630 0.2822 0.0386 8100.0 -6.3994 -6.4001 -0.0007 0.0000
150 0.4913 1.0355 0.7385 0.2680 0.0353 9700.0 -6.2191 -6.2260 -0.0069 0.0000
152 0.4978 1.0087 0.7148 0.2544 0.0322 11000.0 -6.0934 -6.0571 0.0363 0.0013
154 0.5044 0.9826 0.6917 0.2414 0.0294 13000.0 -5.9263 -5.8930 0.0333 0.0011
156 0.5109 0.9572 0.6694 0.2289 0.0268 16000.0 -5.7187 -5.7337 -0.0150 0.0002
158 0.5175 0.9324 0.6477 0.2171 0.0244 18000.0 -5.6009 -5.5788 0.0220 0.0005
160 0.5240 0.9083 0.6266 0.2058 0.0222 21000.0 -5.4467 -5.4283 0.0184 0.0003
162 0.5306 0.8847 0.6061 0.1949 0.0202 25000.0 -5.2724 -5.2819 -0.0096 0.0001
164 0.5371 0.8617 0.5863 0.1846 0.0183 29000.0 -5.1240 -5.1396 -0.0156 0.0002
166 0.5437 0.8393 0.5669 0.1748 0.0166 33000.0 -4.9948 -5.0010 -0.0062 0.0000
168 0.5502 0.8174 0.5482 0.1653 0.0150 38000.0 -4.8537 -4.8661 -0.0124 0.0002
170 0.5568 0.7960 0.5299 0.1564 0.0136 43000.0 -4.7301 -4.7347 -0.0046 0.0000
172 0.5633 0.7751 0.5122 0.1478 0.0123 49000.0 -4.5994 -4.6067 -0.0073 0.0001
174 0.5699 0.7547 0.4950 0.1396 0.0111 55000.0 -4.4839 -4.4820 0.0019 0.0000
176 0.5764 0.7348 0.4782 0.1318 0.0100 62000.0 -4.3641 -4.3604 0.0037 0.0000
178 0.5830 0.7153 0.4619 0.1244 0.0090 70000.0 -4.2428 -4.2418 0.0009 0.0000
180 0.5895 0.6962 0.4460 0.1173 0.0081 79000.0 -4.1218 -4.1262 -0.0044 0.0000
182 0.5961 0.6776 0.4306 0.1105 0.0073 88000.0 -4.0139 -4.0134 0.0006 0.0000
184 0.6026 0.6593 0.4156 0.1041 0.0065 98000.0 -3.9063 -3.9032 0.0031 0.0000
186 0.6092 0.6415 0.4010 0.0980 0.0058 109000.0 -3.7999 -3.7957 0.0042 0.0000
188 0.6157 0.6240 0.3868 0.0921 0.0052 122000.0 -3.6872 -3.6907 -0.0034 0.0000
190 0.6223 0.6069 0.3730 0.0866 0.0047 135000.0 -3.5860 -3.5881 -0.0021 0.0000
192 0.6288 0.5902 0.3596 0.0813 0.0042 149000.0 -3.4873 -3.4878 -0.0005 0.0000
194 0.6354 0.5738 0.3465 0.0763 0.0037 164000.0 -3.3914 -3.3898 0.0016 0.0000
196 0.6419 0.5578 0.3337 0.0715 0.0033 181000.0 -3.2928 -3.2940 -0.0013 0.0000
198 0.6485 0.5420 0.3213 0.0670 0.0029 198000.0 -3.2030 -3.2003 0.0027 0.0000
200 0.6551 0.5266 0.3093 0.0627 0.0026 217000.0 -3.1114 -3.1087 0.0027 0.0000
202 0.6616 0.5115 0.2975 0.0586 0.0023 238000.0 -3.0190 -3.0189 0.0000 0.0000
204 0.6682 0.4967 0.2861 0.0547 0.0020 260000.0 -2.9306 -2.9311 -0.0006 0.0000
206 0.6747 0.4821 0.2750 0.0510 0.0018 283000.0 -2.8458 -2.8452 0.0006 0.0000
208 0.6813 0.4679 0.2642 0.0475 0.0015 308000.0 -2.7612 -2.7610 0.0002 0.0000
210 0.6878 0.4539 0.2536 0.0442 0.0013 334000.0 -2.6801 -2.6785 0.0016 0.0000
212 0.6944 0.4402 0.2434 0.0411 0.0012 362000.0 -2.5996 -2.5977 0.0019 0.0000
214 0.7009 0.4267 0.2334 0.0382 0.0010 392000.0 -2.5200 -2.5185 0.0015 0.0000
216 0.7075 0.4135 0.2237 0.0354 0.0009 423000.0 -2.4439 -2.4409 0.0030 0.0000
218 0.7140 0.4006 0.2142 0.0328 0.0008 457000.0 -2.3666 -2.3648 0.0018 0.0000
220 0.7206 0.3878 0.2050 0.0303 0.0007 492000.0 -2.2928 -2.2901 0.0026 0.0000
222 0.7271 0.3753 0.1961 0.0280 0.0006 530000.0 -2.2184 -2.2169 0.0015 0.0000
224 0.7337 0.3630 0.1874 0.0258 0.0005 569000.0 -2.1474 -2.1450 0.0024 0.0000
226 0.7402 0.3510 0.1789 0.0237 0.0004 611000.0 -2.0762 -2.0745 0.0017 0.0000
228 0.7468 0.3391 0.1707 0.0217 0.0004 654000.0 -2.0082 -2.0052 0.0029 0.0000
230 0.7533 0.3275 0.1627 0.0199 0.0003 700000.0 -1.9402 -1.9372 0.0029 0.0000
232 0.7599 0.3160 0.1549 0.0182 0.0003 749000.0 -1.8725 -1.8705 0.0021 0.0000
234 0.7664 0.3048 0.1473 0.0166 0.0002 800000.0 -1.8066 -1.8048 0.0018 0.0000
236 0.7730 0.2937 0.1400 0.0151 0.0002 853000.0 -1.7425 -1.7404 0.0021 0.0000
238 0.7795 0.2829 0.1328 0.0138 0.0001 909000.0 -1.6789 -1.6770 0.0019 0.0000
240 0.7861 0.2722 0.1259 0.0125 0.0001 967000.0 -1.6171 -1.6147 0.0024 0.0000
242 0.7926 0.2617 0.1192 0.0113 0.0001 1028000.0 -1.5559 -1.5534 0.0025 0.0000
244 0.7992 0.2513 0.1126 0.0101 0.0001 1092000.0 -1.4955 -1.4932 0.0023 0.0000
246 0.8057 0.2411 0.1063 0.0091 0.0001 1159000.0 -1.4359 -1.4339 0.0021 0.0000
248 0.8123 0.2311 0.1001 0.0081 0.0001 1229000.0 -1.3773 -1.3756 0.0017 0.0000
250 0.8188 0.2213 0.0942 0.0073 0.0000 1301000.0 -1.3204 -1.3182 0.0022 0.0000
252 0.8254 0.2116 0.0884 0.0065 0.0000 1377000.0 -1.2636 -1.2616 0.0020 0.0000
254 0.8319 0.2020 0.0828 0.0057 0.0000 1456000.0 -1.2078 -1.2060 0.0018 0.0000
256 0.8385 0.1927 0.0774 0.0050 0.0000 1538000.0 -1.1530 -1.1512 0.0019 0.0000
258 0.8450 0.1834 0.0722 0.0044 0.0000 1623000.0 -1.0992 -1.0972 0.0021 0.0000
260 0.8516 0.1743 0.0672 0.0038 0.0000 1712000.0 -1.0458 -1.0440 0.0019 0.0000
262 0.8581 0.1653 0.0623 0.0033 0.0000 1804000.0 -0.9935 -0.9915 0.0020 0.0000
264 0.8647 0.1565 0.0576 0.0029 0.0000 1900000.0 -0.9417 -0.9398 0.0018 0.0000
266 0.8712 0.1478 0.0530 0.0025 0.0000 1999000.0 -0.8909 -0.8888 0.0020 0.0000
268 0.8778 0.1393 0.0487 0.0021 0.0000 2103000.0 -0.8401 -0.8385 0.0016 0.0000
270 0.8843 0.1308 0.0445 0.0018 0.0000 2210000.0 -0.7905 -0.7889 0.0016 0.0000
272 0.8909 0.1225 0.0405 0.0015 0.0000 2321000.0 -0.7415 -0.7400 0.0015 0.0000
274 0.8974 0.1143 0.0366 0.0012 0.0000 2436000.0 -0.6931 -0.6916 0.0015 0.0000
276 0.9040 0.1062 0.0329 0.0010 0.0000 2555000.0 -0.6455 -0.6439 0.0015 0.0000
278 0.9105 0.0983 0.0294 0.0008 0.0000 2678000.0 -0.5984 -0.5968 0.0016 0.0000
280 0.9171 0.0904 0.0260 0.0006 0.0000 2806000.0 -0.5517 -0.5502 0.0015 0.0000
282 0.9236 0.0827 0.0229 0.0005 0.0000 2938000.0 -0.5058 -0.5042 0.0015 0.0000
284 0.9302 0.0751 0.0198 0.0004 0.0000 3075000.0 -0.4602 -0.4587 0.0015 0.0000
286 0.9367 0.0676 0.0170 0.0003 0.0000 3216000.0 -0.4154 -0.4138 0.0016 0.0000
288 0.9433 0.0601 0.0143 0.0002 0.0000 3363000.0 -0.3707 -0.3693 0.0014 0.0000
290 0.9498 0.0528 0.0118 0.0001 0.0000 3514000.0 -0.3267 -0.3253 0.0015 0.0000
292 0.9564 0.0456 0.0095 0.0001 0.0000 3671000.0 -0.2830 -0.2817 0.0014 0.0000
294 0.9629 0.0385 0.0074 0.0001 0.0000 3834000.0 -0.2396 -0.2385 0.0011 0.0000
296 0.9695 0.0315 0.0055 0.0000 0.0000 4002000.0 -0.1967 -0.1957 0.0010 0.0000
298 0.9760 0.0246 0.0038 0.0000 0.0000 4176000.0 -0.1542 -0.1533 0.0009 0.0000
300 0.9826 0.0177 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 4356000.0 -0.1120 -0.1111 0.0008 0.0000
302 0.9891 0.0110 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 4543000.0 -0.0699 -0.0693 0.0006 0.0000
 Given
lnPR DIPPR Res VP calc VP residual VP calc DIPPR VP DIPPR Res Tc= 305.32
Pc= 4.872E+06

a b
Coefficients -1.292635 -1.627879
Std. dev. (s) 0.185248 0.198274
R^2, SE(y) 0.999994 0.00976
Variance 9.52538E-05
Sum of Squares 0.00986018
Model lnPr=(at+bt^1.5+ct^3+dt^6)/TR

DIPPR Constants
A B
51.86 -2600.00

s
 K #critical temperature
Pa #critical pressure

c d
1.237164 -6.429854
0.205759 0.106777
#N/A #N/A

t^1.5+ct^3+dt^6)/TR

C D E
-5.13 1.49E-05 2.00
Example 2-4b
Constants
R= 1.9872
Explicit Equations
sum= #sum=H2 + H2O + CO + O2 + CO2 + CH4 + C2H6 + C2H4 + C2H2
OxBal= #OxBal=2 * CO2 + CO + 2 * O2 + H2O - 4
HydBal= #HydBal=4*CH4 + 4*C2H4 + 2*C2H2 + 2*H2 + 2*H2O + 6*C2H6 - 14
CarBal= #CarBal=CH4 + 2*C2H4 + 2*C2H2 + CO2 + CO + 2*C2H6 -2
eps= #eps=0.1e-20
G_O2= #G_O2=O2 * ln(abs((O2 + eps) / sum))
G_H2= #G_H2=H2 * ln(H2 / sum)
G_H2O= #G_H2O=H2O * (-46.03 / R + ln(H2O / sum))
G_CO= #G_CO=CO * (-47.942 / R + ln(CO / sum))
G_CO2= #G_CO2=CO2 * (-94.61 / R + ln(CO2 / sum))
G_CH4= #G_CH4=CH4 * (4.61 / R + ln(CH4 / sum))
G_C2H6= #G_C2H6=C2H6 * (26.13 / R + ln(abs((C2H6 + eps) / sum))
G_C2H4= #G_C2H4=C2H4 * (28.249 / R + ln(abs((C2H4 + eps) / sum))
G_C2H2= #G_C2H2=C2H2 * (40.604 / R + ln(abs((C2H2 + eps) / sum))
ObjFun= #ObjFun=G_H2 + G_H2O + G_CO + G_O2 + G_CO2 + G_CH4+ G_C2H6 + G_C2H4 + G_C2H2
O2= #O2=0.007
H2= #H2=5.992
H2O= #H2O=1
CO= #CO=1
CH4= #CH4=0.001
C2H4= #C2H4=0.001
C2H2= #C2H2=0.001
CO2= #CO2=0.993
C2H6= #C2H6=0.001
2H6 + G_C2H4 + G_C2H2
Example 2-5a
Given
Re 10000.00 10000000.00
eoD 0 0

Using Nikuradse equation

Re=10^4 Re=10^7
f(fF) #f(fF)=4.0*sqrt(fF)*log(Re*sqrt(fF))-0.4*sqrt(fF)-1=0
fF

Using Blasius equation

Re=10^4 Re=10^7
fF #fF=0.0791*Re^(-1/4)

Using Colebrook and White

Re=10^4 Re=10^7
f(fF) #f(fF)=-4.0*sqrt(fF)*log(eoD+(4.67/(Re*sqrt(fF)))+2.28*sqrt(fF)-1
fF

Using Sacham Equation

Re=10^4 Re=10^7
fF #fF=1/(16*(log((eoD/3.7)-(5.02*Re)*log((eoD/3.7)+(14.5/Re))))^2)

Using Haaland equation

Re=10^4 Re=10^7
f(fF) #fF=(-3.6*log((6.9/Re)+(eoD/3.7)^(10/9)))^-2
 Example 2-5b
Given
Re 1.00E+04 1.00E+07
eoD 0.0001 0.001

Using Colebrook and White

for eoD=0.0001
Re=10^4 Re=10^5
f(fF)
fF

for eoD=0.001
Re=10^4 Re=10^5
f(fF)
fF

rt(fF)))+2.28*sqrt(fF)-1 Using Colebrook and White

Re eoD= eoD=
0.000000 0.0001 0.00100
1.00E+04
eoD/3.7)+(14.5/Re))))^2) 1.00E+07

Using Haaland equation

Re eoD= eoD=
0 0.0001 0.00100
1.00E+04
1.00E+07