READING EXAM

PART 1

Dear Mum and Dad,

I 1. ___________ a great time with my friends in Mykonos. I’ve been here 2. ___________ Monday.
Yesterday, I spent all day 3. ____________ around the Mykonos Town. My friends took me to see Little
Venice – it was incredible! It looks like a 4. __________ neighbourhood, but it is replete with elegant
and gorgeous old houses situated on the edge of the beach. Then, we 5. __________ to Matoyanni,
where I bought some souvenirs.

Tomorrow, we’re going to see the most popular beaches – I’m so 6. __________!

See you soon,

Ellen.

1. a) am having b) have c) will have

2. a) to b) from c) since
3. a) to walk b) walking c) walked
4. a) usual b) normally c) normal
5. a) have been b) go c) went
6. a) excited b) excitement c) exciting

PART 2: ORDER THE SENTENCES

1. The English trifle is a typical dessert that’s been popular for more than 400 years.
a) First place an even layer of sponge fingers on the bottom of the bowl.
b) Once it’s solid, add the custard and pour the cream on top.
c) You’ll need some sponge fingers, strawberries, jelly, cream and custard.
d) The only thing left to do is to decorate it however you wish. Maybe with more fresh fruit or toasted
almonds?
e) Then cover this with a layer of strawberries and pour the liquid jelly on top. Put it in the fridge so
that it sets and solidifies.

PART 3

Person A
In my opinion, all this ‘eat five portions of fruit and veg a day’ is a big con! Most of my adult life I’ve
avoided eating fruit and vegetables, and I’m super-fit. I think it’s just big business trying to sell us so-
called superfoods that we don’t need. As prehistoric people we only ate meat, plus a few roots and
berries. My diet is very simple – I eat a lot of bread and pasta, meat and eggs, some fats in the form of
cheese, and I have plenty of fluids.

Person B
I live by the mantra ‘you are what you eat’. I focus on natural proteins, and I don’t eat any processed
food or simple carbohydrates at all. Not only that, I fast from 5pm to 11am the following day – all I have
in the mornings is a black coffee. Lots of research has been done to show how intermittent fasting
combined with eating the right food can help combat things like depression, high blood pressure, heart
disease and diabetes.

Person C
I have a glass of milk for breakfast and I have lunch at school. The canteen there’s OK, I suppose, though
I do think they should prepare more vegetable dishes. A lot of the food is meat-based and most things
are fried, which isn’t very healthy. At least they always have fresh fruit every day, which is one good
thing. When I get home I normally have lots of carbohydrates, as I do a lot of sports and I’m always
hungry!

Person D
I never cook – I don’t have time to even think about what to eat! In my opinion, food shouldn’t
dominate our lives – other things are far more important. I’m a full-time university student and I also
work in the evenings, so I eat whatever my parents cook for me. If I’m going straight from class to work,
I’ll eat some street food. Luckily, a lot of street food is incredibly healthy – especially spring rolls and
noodle soup, which is delicious.

1. Who worries least about eating healthily?

2. Who is the most conscious about what they eat?
3. Who thinks advice about diet is really about making money?
4. Who is too busy to cook anything?
5. Who isn’t happy about the selection of food on offer?
6. Who feels that what they eat hasn’t affected their health?
7. Who never eats in the evenings?

PART 4

Ahoy there, me hearties!

Have you ever downloaded a film or an album from the internet without paying? The chances are that
the answer is yes. Well, you may be surprised to know that – even though you haven’t got an eye-patch
and a parrot on your shoulder – that makes you a pirate!

1. __________________

The practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted content such as music or software, digitally
and without permission, is known as online piracy. The principle behind piracy pre-dated the creation of
the Internet, as we shall see, but its online popularity arose alongside the internet. Despite its explicit
illegality in many developed countries, online piracy is still widely practised, largely due to the ease with
which it can be done and the difficulty of preventing it.

2. __________________

One of the earliest recorded acts of unauthorised content copying was in the 1770s, when fourteen-
year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the Sistine Chapel and heard Allegri's Miserere being
performed. After having heard it once, Mozart went back to his hotel and transcribed the entire piece
from memory. Two days later he returned to the chapel to proofread his transcription while listening
again to the performance. Strangely enough, nobody (except perhaps Allegri!) seemed to mind this
copycat behaviour.
 3. _________________

Historically speaking, there have been a number of advances which have had the dual effect of
facilitating legitimate sharing of information while also enabling copyright to be violated more easily.
One of the first of these was, of course, the printing press. It may surprise you to hear that in the 1500s
these so-called ‘book pirates’ made most of their profits by reproducing various editions of the Bible.
Many people read religious books at that time, and pirated copies sold fast.

4. __________________

Everything changed with the advent of computers, especially when prices dropped and they became
accessible to many people. With the release of Napster in 1999 there was an enormous upsurge in
online piracy of films, TV programmes and especially music. Napster allowed peer-to-peer file-sharing
among its users, which meant easy access to free music. It was ordered to shut down by a federal judge
in 2000. However, for many content-producers this was too late, as so many users had already got into
the habit of piracy.

5. __________________

Following Napster’s shutdown, many other popular file-sharing programs arose that are still widely used
today. Digital piracy is an ongoing global problem that significantly impacts consumers, media and
content-oriented industries and other enterprises. It’s difficult to put an exact figure on the total
economic loss caused by digital piracy, but it’s massive. Moreover, many jobs have been lost. Julia Stoll
from Statistica.com predicts that the global online TV and movie industry will lose 51.6 billion U.S.
dollars to piracy in 2022.

6. __________________

Meanwhile, those who operate piracy websites potentially earn millions of dollars. This revenue comes
from various sources such as advertising, subscriptions, and the sale of content. Although these sites are
occasionally shut down, they are usually quickly replaced. Efforts to detect piracy and enforce the law
are complicated by the enormous amount of time, resources and personnel required. Some jurisdictions
have no legislation in place at all, while others have more permissive laws that have been largely
ineffective.

7. __________________

Nonetheless, and perhaps unexpectedly, it has been argued that in general piracy has led to
improvements in information distribution. What’s more, prices may have been kept down due to the
competition for audiences. It has also had positive effects for users in countries where content is either
unavailable or often delayed. Some networks now screen their latest episodes in those countries first, in
order to avoid pirated copies being shown. Online innovation and the creation of new works is
becoming more widespread than ever. So maybe it’s not all bad!

a) The start of massive online piracy

b) What is online piracy?
c) The possible benefits
d) The financial cost
e) What about the legal aspect?
f) The human cost
g) Duplication is nothing new
h) An unexpected source of income