Unit4: environment

How do you care about nature?

Purchase eco-friendly products
Collect paper to be recycled
make efforts=try to utilize various modes of public
transport
Join clean-up groups to remove rubbish
Avoid dropping litter= throwing rubbish
Separate recycling=biodegradable rubbish from non-
recycling=non-biodegradable waste

Earth Day and Cleaning up

 Have you ever planted a tree or helped to clean up
mountains/forests?
 I have actually. When I was a freshman/senior, we
worked out a plan to pick up litter in the mountain
sides and mountain paths.
 Not with my own hands you know. I clearly=vividly
remember helping my father plant a tree when I was in
my teens.

 What can be done to preserve the environment?

 First and foremost, I believe public awareness must be
built and then raised through publicity generated by mass
media.
 There must be systematic and eco-friendly methods for
rubbish disposal.
 We can only keep belongings that we use/enjoy on a
regular basis. By making the effort to reduce what we
own, we will naturally purchase/consume less and
therefore create less waste in the future.

Water Crisis
 What are some major contributing factors to water
pollution?
 Well, definitely many sources of water are contaminated
by human activity.
 Industry is a huge source of water pollution; it produces
pollutants that are extremely harmful to=detrimental to
the environment.
 Every year factories generate (millions or even billions of)
tons of industrial waste, much of which is pumped
untreated into rivers, oceans, and other waterways.

 How can this particular environmental issue be dealt

with?
 We can conserve water by turning off the tap when
running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water
shortages and reduces the amount of
contaminated/untreated water that needs treatment.
 I suppose we must not dispose of household chemicals
or cleaning agents down the sink or toilet.

 How can we maintain fresh water supplies?

  Government officials as well as business leaders can
play a significant role in this matter by following a
sustainable development plan.
 With proper treatment, seawater and wastewater can be
reused for beneficial purposes such as drinking water.

Global warming
It's a long-term challenge.
It has a catastrophic impact on our future.
Carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to
warm.
Excessive use of fossil fuels, emissions of industrial
pollutants and deforestation.

One possible approach/way/method to deal with/face/

cope with this concerning/challenging
issue/crisis/concern/challenge is taking drastic
measures about such a costly problem.
Another alternative/effective method is trying to
reduce the levels of greenhouse gases.
Drastic measures need to be taken about such a costly
problem.
Educate=increase public awareness
Instill the culture

Unit9: technology and design

IELTS Speaking- part 1
• Are you fan of modern technology?
• Brows Electronic shops, fancy shopping
• Offer cutting-edge digital gadgets
• Keep up with
• What is your idea of modernity in your country?
• Due to sanction which is imposed on my country,
people in Iran are deprived of accessing to modern
technology. However, they are really enthusiastic
to embrace the state-of-the-art technologies.
• It provides situation to communicate on-move
• Are you addicted to use modern devices?
• Recent innovations have affected our life
dramatically
• Excessively exploit
• What is your idea of cost of modernity in your
country?
• Afford
• Aim to purchase
• The quality and the novelty of the product
• …….astronomically high/pricy
• What is your idea of those who are technophobe?
• Give their family the time they deserve
• Conservative ideas
• They aren’t aware of the true function of modern
technology and they don t know how to use it.
• What are the major drawbacks of using modern
devices?
• suffer from poor eyesight,
• sedentary lifestyle has become more prevalent
• makes more jobs redundant
• What has been the most important invention of
recent years?
• Fundamental, key, major, principal
Be in touch with our overseas friends and
relatives

DNA tracking(convicting criminals)

antiaging discovery(make it possible for people to
live for hundreds of years)
animal/human cloning(duplicating or the exact
copy of animal or human)

Technology( high-tech, state-of-the-art, cutting-

edge)
offers high quality(high-end, top-of-the-line, first-
rate)
using new ideas(innovative, revolutionary, novel)
however, in spite of, although, even though,
though, but, on the other hand
do we have good/bad science?
It mainly depends on how reasonably it is applied
for example; recent innovations in technology
have made life more comfortable and helped us
to be more efficient by saving us time, while
others argue that technology has made us less
efficient. It is due to not being aware of the real
function of a gadget. They are introduced and
applied to be at the service of human to make the
world a better place to live.
Evil acts such as mass destruction weapons

Advantages
It’s hard to imagine life without such appliances as
the vacuum cleaner or washing machines.
The invention of microchip has enabled engineers
to shrink electronic devices to the sizes, which
make them practical to use.
ss and teachers are less bound to time and space
provide the same education opportunity for rural
residents
 allows global=overseas communication
without the need to travel.
 It gives people the chance to have
communication on-the-move.


There is huge database at work.

Computerized filing

Disadvantages
it is a major cause of stress ; the more complex
technological inventions, the more prone/likely
they are to malfunctioning.
As technologies become more sophisticated,
people need to spend more time learning how to
use them.
 people may lose “real” social skills\
 suffer from poor eyesight

 A COMPLETE SAMPLE ANSWER

 I'm going to describe my mobile phone which is such
an important thing in my life. I bought/purchased it
online / in a mobile phone shop / it was a present
from...
 I use/take advantage of the phone to keep in
touch with friends and family, for communication by
voice, text and email. It has various features like video,
MP3 player, wireless Internet, digital camera and
games. It's easy to share photos and music with just a
single push of the button/touch. I use it for almost
everything, it even has a calendar that reminds me
about appointments. It is equipped with an alarm clock
which wakes me up in the morning to be on time at
work.
 My phone is an essential =integral=indispensable part
of my life. It holds my contacts, my photos, my music
collection. I've got instant access to my favourite
 websites and allows me to do some research. What
really impresses me about it is the possibility of going
over my studies on- the- move. It's like having my
whole life in my pocket. I couldn't live without it.

 Plan………. Short-term or long-term

I intend to
I hope to
I aim to
I am determined to
I have a firm decision to
I have committed myself to+verb+ing
Be going to
be going to = present continuous for short-term
plans
I am participating in ielts exam.
I am visiting my friends.

Be good at making plans

Enjoy making plans too far ahead
Broadly=generally speaking,
Do not stick to their plans due to unexpected
events
Make an efficient plan?
Take unexpected events into consideration
Make a list of your priorities
Have everything in control
Broaden our horizons
Do research
I suppose=reckon
Look for a temporary job to pay my way.
To face=confront different=various challenges
Makes me stand out
Travel broadens minds/horizons
Prediction
Will
Would
Could
It is possible/probable that
Would possibly
Probably
Maybe
Not certain
Assume
likely
What will education be like in 2050?
What learning equipment will students use in 2050?
How do you foresee the life in space?
What will be the next invention after mobile in terms of
communication?

Actually, when it comes to making plans, I find it

really challenging because I have to take all issues
into consideration to be able to make a wise
decision for my future. To be honest, I don’t enjoy
making plans too far ahead because future is
uncertain. However, as my short- term plan, I am
determined to get an immigration of Canada. The
first requisite step is getting my ielts certificate.
I’m slightly nervous. Because I need to set my
heart on it . It’s going to be an amazing experience
as you feel deliriously happy to fulfil your aim
finally.
What makes it significant for me is I have always
wanted to live in a developed country to progress
in my academic education and enjoy welfare
services. It also allows me to find a decent job
relevant to my education.

Prediction
Will
Future is uncertain

Probably
Possibly
Maybe
Likely
Would
Could

Facilitate learning
Due to advances in technology, the most cutting-edged devices
would probably be exploited to facilitate learning.
Students will likely collaborate with other overseas students to do
research on virtual world.