Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
Bantay, Ilocos Sur

SELF LEARNING KIT IN 10

SCIENCE
10

LESSON TITLE: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

_______________________________________________________

Name of Teacher –Writer: MICHELLE A. CASIANO

School: LUNGOG INTEGRATED SCHOOL

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The activities of the human body are regulated by two systems-the nervous system
and the endocrine system. The two systems control body functions but their methods
differ.

The endocrine system regulates bodily activities through the action of hormones
secreted by the different glands – pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, pancreas, female gonads male gonads and pineal.
Some of which works with the human reproductive systems.

This learning kit will help you gain ideas to the function of the system-its glands and
the hormones they produce and how these hormones became essential to the
regulation of the human body, mostly with the human reproductive systems.

MELC:
• Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and
male reproductive systems ( S10LT-IIIb-34)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. determine the function of the endocrine system
2. explain the role of the hormones involved in the female
and male reproductive system
3. appreciate the importance of the different endocrine
glands

What’s up guys? Hoping you all did well in the previous

quarter. You’ve learned a lot about the concepts in physics on
force, motion and energy. This third quarter you are going to
engage yourself with concepts in biology specifically; the
human body, heredity, biodiversity and evolution and the
ecosystem. Let us start.
PRE-TEST

Directions: Match column A with B. Write the letter only of the correct answer.

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 COLUMN A COLUMN B

___1. Stimulates muscle contraction during childbirth A. male sex organ

___2. Physiological regulators B. pituitary gland
___3. Low secretion of thyroxin C. hypothalamus
___4. Target organ of androgen D. oxytocin
___5. Gland that produces prolactin E. hypothyroidism
F. hormones

Motivation:

“What do you do when the room temperature becomes cold?” “What will
you do when the temperature becomes suddenly warm?”

I am sure that with first question you are going to say, “I am going to

wear my jacket or get a thick cloth to cover my body.” And with the second
question, “I am going to remove my jacket.”

Your reactions with the two situations constitute a feedback mechanism.

A feedback mechanism is one of the features of the endocrine system.

Maybe from thepre-test and motivation, you are already

asking yourself, what is this endocrine system is all about
and how it works in our body; why you need to wear a
jacket during cold days and remove it during warm days. So
to feed you curiosity let us start with the
lesson.

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is composed of small organs called glands. These are
the smallest unit in our body that produce and release hormones. The system is still
working with the other systems in our body. To regulate the different activities of the
body, the endocrine system is working with our nervous system – the control system.

It is composed of different glands- pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid,

adrenal cortex adrenal medulla, pancreas, and female gonads male gonads and
pineal.

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 Figure 1. The Endocrine Glands

The system performs the following functions;

1. The hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system regulates

the daily activities of the body and control it’s over all development.

2. It is called “system of checks and balances” because it works to keep the

body system healthy by communicating with the other glands.

The below will show the different glands, hormones they secrete, their target parts of
the body and their functions.

Table 1. Shows the different glands, hormones produces, target parts of the body
and their effects.
Target parts
Glands Hormones secreted of the body Functions
Pituitary Oxytocin uterus, Contraction of muscles
mammary childbirth, release of milk
gland
FSH ( follicle Male, female Assist in the female
stimulating hormone gonads monthly cycle, production
of gametes
Luteinizing Male, female Production of gametes
hormone( LH) gonads
prolactin Mammary Stimulates the growth of
glands the gland, production of
milk
Growth hormone All cells of the Stimulates cell division,
body bone growth
Thyroid stimulating Stimulates production of
hormone Thyroid gland thyroxin

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 Adrenocorticotropic Stimulates the production
hormone Adrenal cortex of glucocorticoids;
controls
glucose metabolism
Endorphins Pain receptors
in the brain Inhibits perception of pain

Melanocytes Melanocytes
stimulating hormones regulate the pigment
containing cells in the
body
Antidiuretic hormone kidneys
Controls water
reabsorption by the
kidneys
hypothalamus Hypothalamicrelease Pituitary Inhibits the release of GH,
inhibiting hormones glands prolactin, controls
involuntary muscles
Hypothalamicreleasin Pituitary Stimulates the releases of
g hormone glands GH, TSH, LH, FSH,
ACTH, prolactin
thyroid Thyroxin, All body cells Stimulates metabolic
triiodothyronin rates, growth and
development
parathyroid PTH ( parathyroid bone Controls the level of Ca &
hormone) phosphate ions in the
blood
Adrenal aldosterone kidneys Controls reabsorption of
cortex water; stimulates
excretion
of potassium
Adrenal Epinephrine, Various cells Controls stress reactions;
medulla norepinephrine increases heart, breathing
rates, blood pressure,
glucose level
pancreas insulin Liver, muscle Stimulates glucose uptake
glucagon liver Triggers breakdown of
glycogen into glucose
Female Progesterone, Female sex Controls female
gonads estrogen organ secondary characteristics,
development of female
sexual functions
Male gonads Androgen ( testes) Male sex Controls male secondary
organs characteristics,
development of male
sexual functions
pineal melatonin Regulates functions
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 related to light, to seasons
marked by changes in the
length of day

Hormones are physiological regulators. They slow down or speed up

biological functions that proceed at a different rate in their absence. The amount of
hormonal secretions of the glands will greatly affect the body. Like for example; the
excess secretion of insulin will lead to hypoglycemia and the absence of insulin will
result to diabetes mellitus.
• Hypoglycaemia- is a condition wherein the blood sugar level is lower than the
normal.
• Diabetes mellitus –is the opposite of hypoglycemia, wherein there is an
abnormal increase in the level of blood sugar resulting from the insufficient
secretion of insulin by the pancreas.

Table 2. Effects of Low and High Concentration Levels of Hormones

Hormones
Glands Secreted Level Effect/s
Thyroid thyroxin low hypothyroidism- low metabolic rate,
weight gain and fatigue
high hyperthyroidism- weight loss, muscle
weakness, excessive sweating, increase
heartbeat rate, increase blood pressure,
nervousness, bulging of eyes.
Parathyroid Parathyroid Low ( Nerve cell become unstable thus sending
hormone low impulses without being stimulated,
(PTH) calcium uncontrolled muscle contractions that may
level result to death because breathing stops
due to sustained muscle contraction and
nerves and muscles fail to respond to
stimuli
High ( Reflexes are slow, weak muscle
high contraction
calcium
level)
Corticoids: Low Addison’s disease, low blood pressure,
aldosterone darkened skin, dehydration, low level of
Adrenal cortisol sugar and sodium ions in the blood
pressure, darkened skin, dehydration, low
level of sugar and sodium ions in the
blood, death
High Cushing’s disease, high blood pressure,
fat deposits in the face and back,
accumulation of tissue fluids
Pancreas Insulin Absence Diabetes mellitus, glucose in blood

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 ( islets of of insulin abnormally high; can lead to heart
Langerhans) disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness,
severe nerve damage, limb amputation
due to severe infection, hyperglycemia;
loss of consciousness
high Diabetic hypoglycaemia-diabetes doesn't
have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her
blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel
for the body and brain, so you can't
function well if you don't have enough.

The endocrine system is regulated by negative feedback mechanism like

sweating to normalize the body temperature, blood sugar regulation by insulin and
adjustments of blood pressure. On the other hand, the counterpart of negative
feedback is the positive feedback. It occurs to increase the change or output;
example-platelet aggregation and accumulation in response to injury.
Also, the excess and too little production of hormones will greatly affect the
human reproduction system because it may lead to infertility in women as well as in
men. Symptoms of hormonal imbalance among women are: absent / irregular
periods, spotting between periods, heavy or painful periods, increase hair growth on
the face, neck, chest, and back, unexpected weight gain, constipation and diarrhea.
Male hormonal imbalance shows the following symptoms – erectile dysfunction, low
sperm count, reduced body hair growth, breast tenderness or development of breast
tissue and thinning hair/ male pattern hair loss.
With our modern technological advancement this condition can be treated
medically so don’t be afraid to see your doctor if these symptoms are manifested in
your body.

So, let me check if you learned something from the

presentation by performing the different exercises, these will
also help you understand better the topic. Let’s begin….

EXERCISES 1: TRUE OR FALSE GAME

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answer on the space provided for.

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______1. The endocrine system regulates the activities of the body by the use of the
hormones secreted by the glands.
______2. The endocrine system as a body regulator works with the digestive system
to maintain body functions.
______3. The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones that have specific
targets or tissues.
4. The endocrine system also works with the human reproductive system. 5.
Infertility is most evident among men than in women.

EXERCISES 2: WORD SEARCH FUN

Directions: Look and encircle the word (s) found in the box, write the answer on
the space provided corresponding on the description in each number.

P B S W X D X P S P X P L O P
R G V Y S E C L W L S I I O R
O B L H X A G K D E Q T X T O
G N H A V Y H Q E E W U S E L
E M K J N Y J W J W X I D S A
S F L A N D R O G E N T G T C
T O P H V X S S S H F A T E T
E X V L Q C W F H O G R U S I
R Y R A S G Z J K R H Y H X N
O Z D P R H X H I M L S I V X
N Y T K Y Y H I L O K S K C Y
E I G L P J J K O N K X L V Q
X E N D O C R I N E P J M H A
S M N H X H L X S S I K L N F
W E J H Y P O T H A L A M U S

_______1. a system composed of small glands.

_______2. smallest unit of the body and releases hormones
_______3. regulates the activities of the body
_______4. controls the activity of most of the glands in the body
_______5. its functions includes releasing of hormones and regulates body activities
_______6. produces egg cells
_______7. produces and secretes sperm cells
_______8. plays role in male traits and reproductive activities
_______9. prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation
______10. causes the breast to grow, develop and cause milk to be made after birth
EXERCISES 3: COMPLETE ME PLEASE…..

Directions: Provide the needed information about the endocrine glands in each row.
Name of Hormone/s Effects
Picture Gland secreted Function/s Low High

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 The endocrine system regulates bodily activities through the
action of hormones.
The endocrine system comprises several glands: pineal,
pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, female
and male gonads.
The endocrine system is required by a negative feedback
mechanism.
The glands secrete hormones that have specific targets or
tissues.

For your additional tasks, you are going to read about the
hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Explain how HRT
minimizes the effects of low concentration of specific hormones
due to aging.
See the attachment.

Directions: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The endocrine system uses powerful chemical messenger called ______.
A. egg cells B. hormones C. neurons D. osteocytes

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2. _______ is referred to as the body’s “master gland” because it controls the
activity of most other hormone secreting glands.
A. adrenal B. pineal C. pituitary D. thyroid
3. The _____ carries chemical messages throughout the body.
A. digestive system C. nervous system
B. endocrine system D. reproductive system
4. Goiter is caused by _____.
A. a bland diet. C. too much sweet in the diet
B. too much salt in the diet D. too little iodine in the diet
5. parathyroid hormone : slows reflexes insulin: _______
A. releases LH and FSH C. stimulates glucose uptake
B. induce growth and development D. stimulates the mammary gland
6. pancreas: insulin, pineal: ________
A. heart B. stomach C. liver D. gland
7. female gonads: progesterone and estrogen male: gonads:__________
A. androgen B. LH C. FSH D. progesterone
8. prolactin: mammary gland oxytocin: __________
A. bone B. kidneys C. melanocytes D. uterus
9. luteinizing hormones ( LH ): stimulates the production of sex hormones
prolactin: ___________
A. stimulates muscle contraction during childbirth.
B. inhibits the releases of growth hormones
C. stimulates the production of milk.
D. stimulates metabolic activities
10. Which of the following statements is the best example of positive feedback
mechanism.
A. Evaporation of sweat from the skin.
B. The skin releases heat energy and helps warm the body back to 37 0C.
C. There is a release of certain growth hormone when the body changes
during puberty.
D. You cannot hold your breath for a long time.

Science Learner’s material for Grade 10, pp. 241-244.

Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy, pp.218-221
Science and Technology for the Future II, pp. 251-255

https://www.google.com/search?
ei=P6b6XpvPAsatoASR85bQAw&q=what+is+diabetes+mellitus&oq= what+is+diabetes&gs
https://www.google.com/search?ei=gqj6XvjnBJX4hwOz5pCIAQ&q=what+is+hypoglycemia&oq

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https://lomalindafertility.com/infertility/women/hormonal-imbalance/ https://www.google.com/search?
source=univ&tbm=isch&q=picture+of+the+endocrine+system&sa https://www.nwhn.org/menopause-
hormone-therapy-aging-skin-is-there-a- Attachment:

So, Does HRT Make You Look Younger?

Wanting to look younger is natural—after all, there’s a reason Fountain of Youth
lore spans across cultures and continues to resonate with us. Age -related
changes to your appearance suggest a loss of vitality. They can affect how you
see yourself, how you are seen by others, and how you experience the world
around you. Often, it can feel as though you become a stranger in your own skin,
as your appearance no longer reflects the way you feel inside.
If you are struggling with the impact of age -related hormonal shifts, seeking the
guidance of a highly trained practitioner who specializes in HR T can help
counteract many of the physical changes that make you look and feel older. By
supplementing your body’s natural hormone levels, HRT can help you maintain
a more youthful body compositio n. While this effect is particularly evident in men,
research suggests that women can also benefit. HRT is also known to help
women maintain softer, smoother ski n, resulting in a younger look.
In addition to —and, often, as a result of—these physical changes, HRT often
changes how you see yourself. In very real ways, using HRT to address
symptoms of hormonal change can help you feel younger. It can give you more
energy, elevate moo d, and increase sex drive. It can make sex more comfortable
and improve sleep in both me n and women. All of these things may help you not
only feel better and more confident, they can also spur you to stay active and take
better care of yourself. In other words, they can help you feel like yourself and
allow you to present your best self to the world.

A Holistic Defense Against the Effects of Aging

While HRT can be a critical piece of the puzzle, it is not the only strategy for those
who want to look and feel their best as they age. Many actions, including lifest
yle changes, can help you counteract the effects of aging and hormonal
decline. These include:
Emphasize weight-bearing and resistance exercise: Exercise takes on extra
importance as you age, as it can help to counteract the bone loss that leads to
osteoporosis. Weight -bearing exercise utilizes the body’s effort against gravity to
build muscles and strengthen bones. Likewise, resistance training with weights or
bands can promote muscle strength and help build bone density.

These activities can also help you maintain a healthy weight and minimize
unwanted changes to body composition.
Focus on a healthy diet: The importance of a healthy diet cannot be underestimated
at any stage of life. A well-balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle can have both
curative and protective effects while also helping you look the way you want.
Consider nutritional supplements: Certain vitamin and mineral supplements may
have a significant impact on your overall health, energy level, and appearance as

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you age. Additionally, if not adequately provided in the diet, nutritional supplements
can help to compensate for lacking essential nutrients.
A hormone specialist can help you create a holistic strategy that integrates the best
therapies and lifestyle strategies to combat the unwanted effects of aging. With a
tailored approach that combines proven treatments, you can ensure that you are on
the right path for this new stage of life.
Hormone replacement therapy may not be the elusive Fountain of Youth, but it can
help you live your best life. As part of a healthy and proactive lifestyle, HRT
presents new possibilities for aging comfortably and gracefully. The physical and
emotional boost it provides may have you looking and feeling more youthful and
energetic for years to count.

Source: https://www.bodylogicmd.com/blog/does-hrt-make-you-look-younger-
whyhormones-may-be-the-key-to-feeling-your-best-as-you-age

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 . PROLACTIN 10 .B 10
.B 5
.C 9
.A 4 . PROGESTERONE 9
.D 8
.E 3
111111 . ANDROGEN 8 .A 7
.F 2
. TESTES 7 .D 6
. .DFALSE 1 5
.C 5
. PRE-TEST
TRUE 4 . OVARY 6
.D 4
. TRUE 3
. HYPOTHALAMUS 5 .B 3
. FALSE 2
. PITUITARY 4 .C 2
. TRUE 1
.B 1
EXERCISES 1 . HORMONES 3
ASSESSMENT
. GLANDS 2

. ENDOCRINE 1

EXERCISES 2

EXERCISES NO. 3
Name of Hormone/s Effects
Picture Gland secreted Function/s Low High
Stimulates cell
pituitary GH/ growth division/ growth dwarfism gigantism
hormone

Stimulates
thyroid Thyroxine metabolic rate hypothyroi hyperthyr
dism oidism

Controls
adrenal corticoids reabsorption of Addisons Cushing
Sodium, excretion disease disease
of potassium,
inhibits glucose
uptake, aids in
healing, reduces
inflammation,
controls stress
Controls blood diabetis hypoglyc
pancreas insulin sugar emia

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