Fire Fighting Systems

Fire fighting course in QEC (Quality for Engineering consulting)
Prepared by \ eng.hosam eldin samir e.hosam2000@gmail.com

Under supervision of\ eng. Mahmoud Abdelaty ; senior Electromechanical Engineer 01226663413
‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

Fire Fighting Course
...............................................
Course contents
1- Fire science :
1-1 Fire safety…
1-2 Fire alarm…
1-3 Fire fighting…
2- Fire fighting systems:
2-1 water suppression system…
2-1-1 sprinkler system;
A) Types of sprinklers
B) Zone station
C) Sprinkler system design (no. of sprinkler, location, net work)
D) Special sprinkler systems :( dry, pre action, deluge)
2-1-2 cabinet systems: (class: I, II, III);
2-1-3 hydrant system;
2-1-4 Siamese connection;
2-2 gaseous suppression system…
2-2-1 Weight of gas cylinder;
2-2-2 sequence of operation;
2-3 fire extinguisher…
2-3-1 class;
2-3-2 material; Note that:
2-3-3 design;
All tables which
3- Fire fighting tank needed, putted on the
final pages
4- Fire fighting pumps 5- fire fittings
)1( "‫ئب " أسأٌىُ اٌذػبء‬١‫ٗ ض‬١‫شٖ ف‬١‫غؼً ألؽذ غ‬٠ ‫أال‬ٚ ‫ٗ خبٌػب‬ٙ‫ع‬ٌٛ ًّ‫غؼً ٘زا اٌؼ‬٠ ْ‫أسأي اهلل أ‬
e.hosam2000@gmail.com
1- Fire science :
1-1 Fire safety 1-2 Fire alarm 1-3 Fire fighting

‫ٓ ػّبسح‬١‫ٕذس‬ّٙ‫ خبظ ث‬- ‫شثب‬ٙ‫ٓ و‬١‫ٕذس‬ّٙ‫ خبظ ث‬- ‫ىب‬١ٔ‫ىب‬١ِ ٓ١‫ٕذس‬ّٙ‫* خبظ ث‬
:‫َ ثـ‬ٛ‫م‬٠ٚ ‫ك‬٠‫* ػٍُ إٔزاس اٌؾش‬ The Fire Triangle:
‫ة‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫ُ ِّش ا‬١ّ‫ رػ‬- ِٓ ‫ػخ‬ّٛ‫ ػجبسح ػٓ ِغ‬ٛ٘ٚ Three things must be
fire rated wall ‫ إػذاد اٌـ‬- ٟ‫“ رُؼك‬inputs” ‫اٌّذخبلد‬ present at the same time to
‫ائف رّٕغ أزمبي اٌـ‬ٛ‫ ؽ‬ٟ٘ٚ ٓ‫ ػ‬controller ٌٝ‫إضبسح إ‬ produce fire:
1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain
- fire , smoke, ‫خشط‬١‫ ف‬sensors ‫ك‬٠‫قش‬ combustion
temperature output 2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition
: ًّ‫ائف رزؾ‬ٛ‫عذ ؽ‬ٛ٠ - - types of sensors: temperature
3. Some FUEL or combustible
30 min, 60min, 120min - smoke, heat , multi material
‫ة ٌٗ ػشؼ‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫ سٍُ ا‬- detector Together, they
ٖ‫ؾذد‬١‫ ث‬ٞ‫ٓ اٌّؼّبس‬١‫ِؼ‬ :‫ي ثـ‬ٚ‫ غشفخ اٌىٕزش‬ّٝ‫ رس‬- produce the CHEMICAL
“escape staircase” FACP REACTION that is fire
“Fire Alarm Control Take away any of these
Panel” things and the fire will be
extinguished
NFPA: ُ١ّ‫ ٌٍزػ‬ٟ‫ى‬٠‫د األِش‬ٛ‫اٌى‬

National Fire Protection Association
!!‫قال الشافعى‬
‫من اتى مجلس العلم دون الورقه والقلم كمن اتى المطحنه دون القمح‬
2- Fire fighting systems:
2-1 water suppression system:

2-1-1 sprinkler system:
2-1-1-a) Types of sprinklers:
Firstly:
“According to concept of work”
1- Glass bulb type 2- Fusible link type

‫ش ِّزٍئخ‬١‫اٌضعبعخ غ‬ٚ ‫ب صئجك‬ٙ‫ ػجبسح ػٓ صعبعخ ث‬- ‫غٍخ‬ٛ‫زُ اسزجذاي اٌضئجك ث‬٠ ٓ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫ ٔفس اٌفىشح‬-
‫ آخش٘ب‬ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫بس‬ٙ‫لبثٍخ ٌئلٔػ‬
: ًّ‫فىشح اٌؼ‬
‫زّذد اٌضئجك فزٕىسش اٌضعبعخ‬٠ ‫ذ اٌؾشاسح‬٠‫ّٕب رض‬١‫ ؽ‬-
ٖ‫ب‬١ٌٍّ ‫ك‬٠‫زُ فزؼ قش‬٠ ‫ثزٌه‬ٚ
glass bulb fusible link

sprinkler body "‫بس‬ٙ‫غٍخ لبثٍخ ٌئلٔػ‬ٚ"
mercury
Deflector : ‫ٕطش٘ب‬٠ٚ ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫صع ا‬ٛ٠ ‫ػجبسح ػٓ قجك‬
‫ متطي نه ظهزها فريكب‬، ‫ وإمنا هي اجلماهري انغافهة انذنىل‬، ً‫ وال سهطانا‬، ‫ما انطاغية إال فزد ال ميهك يف احلقيقة قىة‬
‫ وحتين نه رؤوسها فيستعهي ! وتتناسل نه عن حقها يف انعشة وانكزامة فيطغى‬، ‫! ومتد نه أعناقها فيجز‬
Secondly:
“According to direction of flow”
1- Pendent 2- Upright 3- side wall
-direction of flow -direction of flow is up -direction of flow is linear

down word word ‫ ال‬ٝ‫ األِبوٓ اٌز‬ٟ‫جٗ ف‬١‫زُ رشو‬٠
- fall ceiling is found - fall ceiling not found pendent ‫ب ثـ‬ٙ١ٌ‫ٔؼشف أْ ٔػً إ‬
‫د اٌسمف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ‫ ؽبٌخ‬ٝ‫ُشوت ف‬٠" "ْ‫ اٌّخض‬ٚ‫"ِضً اٌغشاط أ‬ & upright
"‫اٌّؼٍك‬ - fall ceiling is found: ‫ غشف اٌفٕبدق‬:‫ِضٍــ‬
When ceiling void >= 90 cm ‫ب سمف‬ٙ‫عذ ث‬ٛ٠ ‫ ال‬ٟ‫" اٌغشفخ اٌز‬
‫د اٌسمف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ‫ ؽبٌخ‬ٝ‫ُشوت ف‬٠" ‫ قشلخ‬ٍٝ‫ؽٗ ػ‬ٛ‫ب ِفز‬ٕٙ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫ِؼٍك‬
‫ْ اٌّسبؽخ‬ٛ‫اٌّؼٍك ثطشـ أْ رى‬ ٟ‫ اٌغشفخ اٌز‬ٚ‫ أ‬، ‫ب سمف ِؼٍك‬ٙ‫ث‬
‫اٌسمف‬ٚ ‫ٓ اٌسمف اٌّؼٍك‬١‫ث‬ ‫س وذا‬ٌٕٛ‫ذ ا‬١‫ ث‬ٞ‫ب ؽبعٗ ِضبل ص‬ٙ‫ث‬
"ُ‫ س‬90 => ٟٔ‫اٌخشسب‬ "‫ اٌغشفخ‬ٝ‫س ف‬ٚ‫ذ‬١ِ ‫ش‬٠‫ٍف دا‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬
Pendent, upright, side wall pendent, upright side wall
:‫ى سحًّ اهلل‬ٛ‫لال ابٍ انم‬
‫هت يظهًت‬ٛ‫ ن‬ٙ‫ بّ انٗ يُضنّ يٍ انبعذ ف‬ٙ‫أت‬ٚٔ ّ‫ش ب‬ٛ‫س‬ٚ ‫ أٌ انشجم‬- ‫ٕاَاث‬ٛ‫انز٘ ْٕ ابهذ انح‬- ‫ت انحًاس‬ٚ‫يٍ ْذا‬
‫ش‬ٛ‫حث بّ عهٗ انس‬ٚ ٘‫ستٕلف بّ ٔانصٕث انز‬ٚ ٘‫ٍ انصٕث انز‬ٛ‫فشق ب‬ٚٔ ، ّٛ‫عشف انًُضل فإرا خهٗ جاء ان‬ٛ‫ف‬
‫ فٕٓ أبهذ يٍ انحًاس‬- ‫ ْٕٔ انجُـــت‬- ّ‫ك انٗ يُضن‬ٚ‫عشف انطش‬ٚ ‫فًٍ نى‬
2-1-1-b) Zone control station: “ZCS”

ZCS
ZCS
Main line
ZCS
Discharge line cross main

ZCS
Suction line branches

ZCS
Riser
FF
tank
Pump
.ٖ‫ك أغشاؼ ِزؼذد‬١‫بٖ ٌزؾم‬١ٌّ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ ٌٍزؾىُ ف‬ٟ‫س‬١‫ اٌخف اٌشئ‬ٍٝ‫جبد رُشوت ػ‬١‫ػخ ِٓ اٌزشو‬ّٛ‫* ػجبسح ػٓ ِغ‬
* Zone control station: “ZCS” consists of the following components:
1) OS&Y gate valve: “outside screw & yoke” ……. (Normally open)
‫بٔخ‬١‫ألغشاؼ اٌػ‬
2) temperature switch:
‫ي‬ٛ‫ ق‬ٍٝ‫ػ ػ‬ٛ‫ ِفز‬OS&Y gate valve ‫ػٍطبْ أؾّٓ إْ ِؾجس‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3) Flow switch:
‫بٖ سززؾشن‬١ٌّ‫ ا‬fire ‫س‬ٚ‫ ؽبٌخ ؽذ‬ٟ‫بٖ ؛ فف‬١ٌّ‫ك ا‬٠‫ قش‬ٝ‫ ف‬switch ٚ ‫طخ‬٠‫ؾغ س‬ٚ ُ‫ز‬٠
"‫س اٌىبَ ؟ ِضبل‬ٚ‫ك " اٌذ‬٠‫ إٔزاس ثّىبْ اٌؾش‬ٟ‫ؼك‬١‫ ف‬switch ‫ إضبسح ٌـ‬ٟ‫طخ سززؾشن فزؼك‬٠‫ اٌش‬ٌٟ‫ثبٌزب‬ٚ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4) Check valve: “none return valve” N
5) Pressure gauge: “0.5: 12.1 bar”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
6) Pressure reducing valve: “PRV”

“Where required” ‫زخكب٘ب‬٠ ‫ص اٌخف ال‬ٚ‫ أٔب ػب‬ٌٍٝ‫ّخ اٌؿغف ا‬١‫ ؽست ل‬ٍٝ‫ ثأؽذد ػ‬ٌٍٝ‫أٔب ا‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7) Test & drain valve: “ normally closed”

test ‫خ اإلخزجبس‬١ٍّ‫وزا ػ‬ٚ flushing ‫ً ٌٍطجىخ‬١‫خ اٌغس‬١ٍّ‫رٌه ٌؼًّ ػ‬ٚ
* must be the lowest point in the net work
Zone control station: “ZCS” 
Test & drain
Beam
ZCS
External additional flushing connection
* must be the lowest point in the net work
‫قيل لحكيم‬
.. ‫ما العافية ؟‬
‫ أن يمر بك اليوم بال ذنب‬:‫قال‬
... ‫فاللهم ارزقنا العافية يارب‬
2-1-1-C) Sprinkler system design:

a) No. of sprinkler & its location
Steps:
1- Determine the space hazard; “depend on space occupants”
ٗ‫س ِسبؽز‬١ٌٚ ْ‫ إضغبالد اٌّىب‬ٍٝ‫ؼزّذ ػ‬٠ٚ ، ‫سح‬ٛ‫ اٌخك‬ٜٛ‫ذ ِسز‬٠‫ رؾذ‬-

: ٗ١‫س‬١‫بء سئ‬١‫ صبلس أض‬ٌٝ‫سح إ‬ٛ‫ لسُ اٌخك‬NFPA ‫ اٌـ‬-
1- Light hazard 2- Ordinary hazard 3- extra hazard
‫ي الؽمب‬ٚ‫ اٌغذا‬ٝ‫زُ إدساعٗ ِغ ثبل‬١‫س‬ٚ ‫سح ٌئلضغبلد اٌّخزٍفخ‬ٛ‫ع اٌخك‬ٛٔ ‫ي رؾذد‬ٚ‫عذ عذا‬ٛ٠ٚ
2- From NFPA tables ; according to hazard

We get four important notes which used in our design:
a) Maximum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (4.6 m)
b) Minimum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (1.8 m)
c) Maximum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (half of the
space between two sprinkler = (4.6\ 2) = (2.3 m)
d) Minimum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (4” = 10.2cm =
102mm) ‫ت‬١‫اٌزشو‬ٚ ‫خ اٌفه‬١ٍّ‫ً ػ‬١ٙ‫ٌزس‬
3- Making distribution for sprinkler:
A) (length \ 4.6) = ‫ؼ‬١‫ ألشة أوجش سلُ غؾ‬ٌٝ‫ت إٌبرظ إ‬٠‫زُ رمش‬٠ٚ
B) (width \ 4.6) = ‫ؼ‬١‫ ألشة أوجش سلُ غؾ‬ٌٝ‫ت إٌبرظ إ‬٠‫زُ رمش‬٠ٚ
C) x, 2x ; y, 2y : ‫ٔكجك لبػذح‬
 ‫فى الصفحة التالية مثال يوضح كيفية تطبيق الثالث قواعد لعمل توزيع الرشاشات‬
: ‫مثال لكيفية عمل توزيع للرشاشات‬
: ً‫ٓ ثبٌطى‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫ ) وّب‬m 5 * m 10 ( ْ‫ٔفزشؼ اْ ػٕذٔب ِىب‬
‫ يتش‬10
‫ يتش‬5
A) (length \ 4.6) = ‫ؼ‬١‫ ألشة أوجش سلُ غؾ‬ٌٝ‫ت إٌبرظ إ‬٠‫زُ رمش‬٠ٚ
(10 \ 4.6) = 2.2 =3

 ‫ُ ثمب‬ّٙ‫ أسس‬، ٖ‫) أػّذ‬3( ‫ أٔب ِؾزبط صبلس‬ٝ‫جم‬٠
:D ‫ُ ِغ ثؼؽ‬ّٙ‫ٔشس‬ٚwidth ‫ٔبخذ ثبٌّشح اٌـ‬
B) (width \ 4.6) = ‫ؼ‬١‫ ألشة أوجش سلُ غؾ‬ٌٝ‫ت إٌبرظ إ‬٠‫زُ رمش‬٠ٚ
(5 \ 4.6) = 1.1 =2
 ‫ُ ثمب‬ّٙ‫ أسس‬، )2( ٓ١‫ أٔب ِؾزبط غف‬ٝ‫جم‬٠
: ٖ‫ثؼذ رٌه ٔكجك صبٌش لبػذ‬
C) x, 2x ; y, 2y : ‫ٔكجك لبػذح‬
sprinkler ‫ اٌـ‬ٟ٘ ٖ‫ف ِغ األػّذ‬ٛ‫ ٔمبـ رمبقغ اٌػف‬: ‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬
2X ٟ٘ ٓ١‫ سضبض‬ٞ‫ٓ أ‬١‫ إرْ اٌّسبفخ ث‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ ‫ب‬ِٕٙٚ X ٟ٘ ‫اٌشضبش‬ٚ ‫ٓ اٌؾبئف‬١‫ٔفزشؼ اْ اٌّسبفخ ث‬- : ‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬
Y ‫وزٌه اٌــ‬ٚ
X 2X 2X Y X
2Y
‫ ِزش‬10 = X ‫ع وً اٌــ‬ّٛ‫* ِغ‬

X = 1.6 m ‫ب‬ِٕٙٚ 6X = 10 ‫ب‬ِٕٙٚ
‫ ِزش‬5 = Y ‫ع وً اٌــ‬ّٛ‫* ِغ‬

Y = 1.25m ‫ب‬ِٕٙٚ 4Y = 5 ‫ب‬ِٕٙٚ
: ٗ‫اػذ األسثؼ‬ٛ‫ثؼذ وذا ٔشاعغ ٘زٖ اٌم‬
a) Maximum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (4.6 m)

b) Minimum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (1.8 m)
c) Maximum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (half of the
space between two sprinkler = (4.6\ 2) = (2.3 m)
d) Minimum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (4” = 10.2cm =
102mm)
: ‫غ اٌشضبضبد‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫ِضبي آخش ٌز‬
-: ‫صع اٌشضبضبد‬ٚ‫ة أ‬ٍٛ‫ِك‬ٚ ‫ ِىبْ ثبٌطىً دا‬ٞ‫ػٕذ‬
ً‫ وً ضى‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٍٝ‫صع ضغ‬ٚ‫أثذأ أ‬ٚ ‫ أضىبي ِٕزظّخ‬ٌٝ‫ُ اٌطىً دا إ‬١‫ رمس‬ٛ٘ ً‫اٌؾ‬
 ‫ػٕب‬ٛ‫اػذ ثز‬ٛ‫خ خبٌع ٔشاعغ األسثغ ل‬٠‫ب‬ٌٕٙ‫ ا‬ٝ‫ٓ ف‬٠‫ثؼذ‬ٚ ٖ‫ثّفشد‬
a) No. of sprinkler & its location ِٓ ‫ٕب‬١ٙ‫وذا أز‬
b) Net work sizing:

Steps:
1- Rooting:
( simple, symmetrical) ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ٗٔ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ ٘أسسّٗ دا أساػ‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌخف ا‬
2- Sizing:
We get the sizing from pipe schedules which depend on (hazard, no.
of sprinkler)
Locke @ table (22.5.2.2.1 light hazard pipe schedule) , (22.5.3.4 ordinary hazard
pipe schedule) , (A.22.5.4 extra hazard pipe schedule) page “66” in this file.
َ‫ّب اٌمكش اٌبلص‬ِٕٙ ‫أؽذد‬ٚ ّّٗ‫ ثأغ‬ٌٍٝ‫ اٌخف ا‬ٍٝ‫ػذد اٌشضبضبد ػ‬ٚ ، ‫سح‬ٛ‫ع اٌخك‬ٕٛ‫ي ث‬ٚ‫* ثٕذخً اٌغذا‬
: ‫ي‬ٚ‫ِضبي ٌغذ‬
22.5.2.2.1 Light hazard pipe schedule
Pipe sizing No. of sprinkler

1” 1, 2
1.25” 3, 4
‫٘ىزا‬ٚ
!ْ‫ اإلٔسب‬ٜٛ٘ ٚ ْ‫ اٌمشآ‬ٜ‫ ٘ذ‬.ْ‫ ضزبْ ضزب‬:ْ‫مبْ ِخزٍفب‬٠‫ّب قش‬ٙٔ‫أال إ‬
net work sizing ًّ‫ِضبي ٌؼ‬

: ٍٝ٠ ‫ب اٌشضبضبد وّب‬ٙ١ٍ‫صػذ ػ‬ٚٚ light ‫سح‬ٛ‫دسعخ اٌخك‬ٚ ‫ ِسبؽخ ثبٌطىً دا‬ٞ‫ ػٕذ‬ٌٛ
Design net work ًّ‫ٓ ٔؼ‬٠‫ص‬ٚ‫ ػب‬-

ً‫ صُ ٔذخ‬، ً‫ِزّبص‬ٚ ‫ف‬١‫ْ ثس‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ٗٔ‫ إ‬ٟ‫أساػ‬ٚ ‫َ ثشسُ خف اٌطجىخ‬ٛ‫اد اٌسبثمخ فٕم‬ٛ‫ٕ٘كجك اٌخك‬
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ ٌٍخف وٍٗ وّب‬sizing ًّ‫ٔؼ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٚ‫اٌغذا‬
:ٙ‫ه‬ٚ ‫ع كًا‬ٚ‫ى ٔانتٕص‬ًٛ‫ختهف عُذ انتص‬ٚ side wall sprinkler ‫بانُسبت نــ‬
Firstly lock @ table 8.7.2.2.1 page 67 for standard side wall sprinkler
Where:
S ‫ ِزش‬4.25 = ‫ أِبَ اٌشضبش‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬
L ‫ ِزش‬3.75 = ‫ب اٌشضبش ثبٌؼشؼ‬ٙ١‫غك‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬
:ً‫ٓ ثبٌطى‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫وّب‬
Secondly lock @ table 8.9.2.2.1 page 67 for extended coverage side wall sprinkler
Where:
S ‫ ِزش‬8.5 : ‫ ِزش‬4.25 => ‫ أِبَ اٌشضبش‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬
L "ٗ‫ ِزش "صبثز‬3.75 = ‫ب اٌشضبش ثبٌؼشؼ‬ٙ١‫غك‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ اٌؾبئف‬ٝ‫ػُّ سمف سبلف ف‬٠ ٞ‫ ِزش ؛ ٔكٍت ِٓ اٌّؼّبس‬8.5 ٓ‫ صادد ػ‬S ‫ اٌّسبفخ‬ٌٛ -
‫زػشف‬٠ ٞ‫ أوجش ِٓ وذا اٌّؼّبس‬، ‫ ِزش‬8.5 ٖ‫ُ آخش‬١ّ‫ اٌزػ‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ى‬١ٔ‫ىب‬١ٌّ‫ اٌؾً ا‬ٕٝ‫ؼ‬٠ ( . ً‫اٌّمبثً ِضبل‬
)ُ١ّ‫ أوًّ رػ‬ٟ‫ اٌؾبئف اٌّمبثً ٌى‬ٝ‫ ِىبْ ف‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٌٝ
‫)‪Fire fighting course in QEC (Quality for Engineering consulting‬‬
‫‪Prepared by \ eng.hosam eldin samir‬‬ ‫‪e.hosam2000@gmail.com‬‬
‫‪Under supervision of\ eng. Mahmoud Abdelaty ; senior Electromechanical Engineer 01226663413‬‬
‫‪2-1-1-D) Special sprinkler systems:‬‬

‫‪1- Wet pipe system‬‬ ‫‪2- Dry pipe system‬‬
‫‪- Zone station valve is normally open. - Zone station valve is normally open‬‬
‫‪but after it we put “clapper arm” to‬‬
‫‪- Normal condition: 0: 74 C; 1 bar.‬‬ ‫‪prevent the water from crossing.‬‬
‫‪- Single acting system‬‬ ‫‪-‬فىشح ػًّ اٌـ ‪٠ : clapper arm‬زُ ‪ٚ‬ؾغ صساع ف‪ٝ‬‬
‫( ألْ إٌظبَ ٘‪١‬طزغً ف‪ ٝ‬ؽبٌخ وسش اٌضعبعٗ أ‪ ٚ‬أػ‪ٙ‬بس‬ ‫قش‪٠‬ك اٌّ‪١‬بٖ ثؼذ اٌـ ‪ zone station‬صُ ٔؿغف ثبل‪ٟ‬‬
‫اٌ‪ٛ‬غٍخ ِجبضشح)‬ ‫إٌظبَ إٌ‪ ٝ‬أْ ٔػً إٌ‪ ٝ‬اٌشضبضبد ثـ ٘‪ٛ‬اء ِؿغ‪ٛ‬ـ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬ف‪ ٟ‬ؽبٌخ ؽذ‪ٚ‬س ؽش‪٠‬ك ‪ٚ‬ثذأ اٌشضبش ثبٌؼًّ س‪١‬جذأ‬
‫اٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء ثبٌ‪ٙ‬ش‪ٚ‬ة ‪٠ٚ‬زُ فزؼ اٌضساع ‪ٚ‬رّش اٌّ‪١‬بٖ‪.‬‬
‫‪٘ -‬زا إٌظبَ ٘‪ ٛ‬غبٌج‪١‬خ ضغٍٕب ف‪ ٝ‬اٌـ ‪fire‬‬
‫ِز‪٠ ٝ‬سزخذَ ؟‬
‫‪ ٌٛ -‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اس‪١‬ش ٘زؼذ‪ ٞ‬ػٍ‪ ٝ‬أِبوٓ أصش‪٠‬خ أ‪ ٚ‬أِبوٓ ل‪ّ١‬خ‬
‫‪ٚ‬أٔب ٘أغز‪ ٞ‬غشفخ ثؼذ٘ب‬
‫‪ ٌٛ -‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اس‪١‬ش ٘زؼذ‪ِ ِٓ ٞ‬ىبْ ‪ِّٚ‬ىٓ رزؼشؼ ٌزغّذ‬
‫أ‪ ٚ‬رجخش‬
‫‪compressed water‬‬ ‫‪compressed air‬‬
‫‪clapper arm‬‬
‫‪- Single acting system‬‬
‫سوي اإلياو أحًذ عٍ انُعًاٌ بٍ بشُش سضٍ اهلل عُّ ‪ ،‬قال ‪ :‬كُا جهىساً فٍ انًسجذ فجاء أبى ثعهبت انخشٍُ فقال‪َ :‬ا بشُش بٍ سعذ أتحفظ حذَث‬
‫سسىل اهلل صهً اهلل عهُّ وسهى فٍ األيشاء‪ ،‬فقال حزَفت ‪:‬أَا أحفظ خطبتّ‪ .‬فجهس أبى ثعهبت ‪.‬‬
‫فقال حذٌفت ‪:‬قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل علًٍ وسلم‪ :‬تكون النبوة فيكم ما شاء اهلل أن تكون‪ ،‬ثم يرفعها اهلل إذا‬
‫شاء أن يرفعها‪ ،‬ثم تكون خالفة على منهاج النبوة فتكون ما شاء اهلل أن تكون‪ ،‬ثم يرفعها اهلل إذا شاء أن‬
‫يرفعها‪ ،‬ثم تكون ملكًا عاضًا فيكون ما شاء اهلل أن يكون‪ ،‬ثم يرفعها إذا شاء اهلل أن يرفعها‪ ،‬ثم تكون‬
‫ملكًا جبرية فتكون ما شاء اهلل أن تكون‪ ،‬ثم يرفعها اهلل إذا شاء أن يرفعها‪ ،‬ثم تكون خالفة على منهاج‬
‫سكت‪ .‬قال حبُب‪ :‬فهًا قاو عًش بٍ عبذ انعزَز‪ ،‬وكاٌ َزَذ بٍ انُعًاٌ بٍ بشُش فٍ صحابتّ‪ ،‬فكتبت ئنُّ بهزا انحذَث أركشِ ئَاِ‪ .‬فقهت‬ ‫النبوة‪ ،‬ثم‬
‫نّ‪ :‬ئٍَ أسجى أٌ َكىٌ أيُش انًإيٍُُ ‪َ -‬عٍُ عًش ‪ -‬بعذ انًهك انعاض وانجبشَت‪ ،‬فأدخم كتابٍ عهً عًش بٍ عبذ انعزَز َفسُشَّ بّ وأعجبّ ‪.‬‬
‫وسوي انحذَث أَضًا انطُانسٍ وانبُهقٍ فٍ يُهاج انُبىة‪ ،‬وانطبشٌ ‪ ،‬وانحذَث صححّ األنباٍَ فٍ انسهسهت انصحُحت‪ ،‬وحسُّ األسَاؤوط‬
‫(‪)16‬‬ ‫أسأي اهلل أْ ‪٠‬غؼً ٘زا اٌؼًّ ٌ‪ٛ‬ع‪ ٗٙ‬خبٌػب ‪ٚ‬أال ‪٠‬غؼً ألؽذ غ‪١‬شٖ ف‪ ٗ١‬ض‪١‬ئب " أسأٌىُ اٌذػبء"‬
‫‪e.hosam2000@gmail.com‬‬
3- Pre action system 4- Deluge system

- Zone station valve is normally closed. - Zone station valve is normally closed.
‫سزخذَ ؟‬٠ ٝ‫ِز‬
‫ٕىسش‬٠ SPK ‫ف إْ اٌـ‬٠‫أٔب خب‬ٚ ‫بِخ‬ٌٙ‫ األِبوٓ ا‬- ‫سزخذَ ؟‬٠ ٝ‫ِز‬
‫ت‬١‫ك أغبلً ؛ فزُ رشو‬٠‫ص ؽش‬١‫ِف‬ٚ ‫ب‬١ٔ‫غشق اٌذ‬٠ٚ
zone valve ‫زُ فزؼ اٌـ‬٠ ‫ إضبسح فبل‬ٟ‫ُؼك‬٠ ‫ؽسبط‬ . ً‫ؼب‬٠‫ب سش‬ٙ١‫ رٕزطش إٌبس ف‬ٝ‫ األِبوٓ اٌز‬ٝ‫ُسزخذَ ف‬٠ -
SPK ‫إال ثؼذ إضبسح اٌؾسبط ِغ وسش اٌـ‬ ) ‫ ثٕظبَ اٌغّش‬ّٝ‫ُس‬٠ (
- double acting system - Single acting system

Nozzle ٓ‫ْ ػجبسح ػ‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫ ٘زا إٌظبَ ث‬ٝ‫ ف‬SPK ‫ألْ اٌـ‬
:ْ‫ػب‬ٛٔ ٌٗٚ ٕٗ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫بس‬ٙ‫غٍخ لبثٍخ ٌئلٔػ‬ٚ ‫ال‬ٚ ٗ‫س ٌٗ صعبع‬١ٌ
1- Single knock: ‫اؽذح‬ٚ ‫ ثإضبسح‬، ‫اؽذ‬ٚ ‫ؽسبط‬ ‫ؼزّذ‬٠ َ‫ إٌظب‬ٌٝ‫بٖ إ‬١ٌّ‫ رذفك ا‬ٌٟ‫ػ ثإسزّشاس فجبٌزب‬ٛ‫ِفز‬
‫فمف‬ٚ ‫ اإلضبسح ِٓ اٌؾسبسبد‬ٍٝ‫ػ‬
2- Double knock: ٓ١‫ٓ ِخزٍف‬١‫ٓ ِٓ ؽسبس‬١‫إضبسر‬
) SD ْ‫ ؽسبط دخب‬، HD ‫( ؽسبط ؽشاسح‬
 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ اٌغذ‬ٝ‫ّب ف‬ٕٙ١‫ؼ اٌفشق ث‬١‫ؾ‬ٛ‫سجك ر‬ٚ ٓ١ِ‫ؾؼ فىشح ػًّ إٌظب‬ٛ٠ ً‫٘زا اٌطى‬
2-1-2 cabinet systems: (class: I, II, III);

- Manual
- Inside the building

: ٌٝ‫ٕمسُ إ‬٠ٚ
1- Class I 2- Class II 3- Class III

- it called civil defense - normal users - fire hose station
cabinet ٓ١‫ٓ اٌسبثم‬١‫ػ‬ٌٕٛ‫ٓ ا‬١‫ٕخ رغّغ ث‬١‫ وج‬-
ٟٔ‫ٕخ اٌذفبع اٌّذ‬١‫ ثىج‬ّٝ‫ رُس‬-
- D = 2.5 inch - D = 1 inch or 1.5 inch - D = 1 inch and 2.5 inch
- design condition: - design condition: - design condition:

* 250 GPM * 100 GPM * 250 GPM
* Mini. Pressure 6.9 bar * Mini. Pressure 4.5 bar * Mini. Pressure 6.9 bar
* Max. pressure 12.1 bar * Max. pressure 6.9 bar * Max. pressure 12.1 bar
note that: note that: -note that:

- When P>12.1 bar; - When P>6.9 bar; - For 1” connection;
pressure reducing valve pressure reducing valve pressure reducing valve
must used “PRV”. must used “PRV”. must used “PRV”.
- For 2.5” connection;
some levels must have
“PRV” when P>12.1 bar.
: ‫عه أبً ٌزٌزة ـ رضً اهلل عىً ـ عه الىبً صلى اهلل علًٍ وسلم قال‬
:ًٌ‫ و‬،ً‫إن سورة فً القزآن ثالثون آٌت شفعت لزجل حتى غفز ل‬
.ً‫ وحسىً األلباو‬،‫رواي أبو داود والتزمذي‬. ‫تبارك الذي بٍدي الملل‬
- Design of cabinet system:

1- Travel distance:
* Standard length reel “‫َ اإلقفبء‬ٛ‫ي خشق‬ٛ‫ =“ ق‬30 meter
Note that:
- 30 meter is a travel distance not across distance.
- Projector which composed on the reel spewing water through 6 meter
2- Guide location: “ٓ٠‫ؾغ اٌىجب‬ٚ ٓ‫“ أِبو‬

- Escape stair case ‫ة‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫سٍُ ا‬
- Escape corridor ‫ة‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫ِّش ا‬
- @ car park in ‘main inlet, main exit’
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-: ٓ٠‫ٓ عذا ٌٍىجب‬١ِ‫ٓ ٘ب‬٠‫وبد ٕ٘بن أِش‬ٛ‫ُ ثبألر‬١ّ‫ ػٕذ اٌزػ‬-
- Poly line: reel ‫ٌشسُ ِسبس اٌـ‬
- List properties ‘L I’ enter: ‫ي وً ِسبس‬ٛ‫ٌّؼشفخ ق‬
‫يروى أن لقمان الحكيم قال البنه اني جامع لك حكمتي في ست‬

‫ب‬ٙ١‫ب ثمذس ثمبئه ف‬١ٔ‫اػًّ ٌٍذ‬
‫ب‬ٙ١‫اػًّ ٌآلخشح ثمذس ثمبئه ف‬ٚ
ٗ١ٌ‫اػًّ هلل ثمذس ؽبعزه ا‬ٚ
‫ثخ‬ٛ‫ك ِٓ اٌؼم‬١‫ ثمذس ِب رك‬ٟ‫اػًّ ِٓ اٌّؼبغ‬ٚ
‫ أؽذ‬ٌٝ‫ؾزبط ا‬٠ ‫ال رسأي اال ِٓ ال‬ٚ
ٗ١‫شان ف‬٠ ‫ ِىبْ ال‬ٟ‫ف‬..ٗ‫فبػػ‬.. ‫ اهلل‬ٟ‫ارا أسدد أْ رؼػ‬ٚ
2-1-2_ hydrant system:

- Infra net work ‫خ‬١‫خ اٌزؾز‬١ٕ‫اٌج‬، ‫خ‬٠‫ي ػٕٗ ُ٘ اٌجٍذ‬ٛ‫اٌّسئ‬
- Street fire hydrant ٞ‫ ثبٌؼسىش‬ّٝ‫ُس‬٠
‫ يتش ؛‬30 ‫ي‬ٛ‫َ إقفبء ثك‬ٛ‫سؾت ِٓ وً ارغبٖ خشق‬٠ٚ ٓ١‫ ٌٗ فشػ‬hydrant ً‫ و‬-
.ْ‫ يتش وؼبًِ أِب‬50 hydrant 2 ً‫ٓ و‬١‫اٌّسبفخ ث‬ٚ
- Location of hydrant: exposed ‫ ِىبْ ظب٘ش‬ٝ‫ف‬
2-1-3 Siamese connection;
ZCS
ZCS
Main line
ZCS
Discharge line cross main

ZCS
Suction line branches

ZCS
FF
tank
N
Pump
Check valve Siamese connection
‫ب " ثؼشثخ اقفبء‬ٍٙ‫ اٌطجىخ و‬ٞ‫ اٌخبسط رُغز‬ٌٝ‫غٍخ رػً إ‬ٚ ًّ‫زُ ػ‬٠ :ًّ‫ فىشح اٌؼ‬-
.‫ أْ اٌخضاْ أغجؼ فبسغب‬ٚ‫س ػكً ثبٌّؿخبد أ‬ٚ‫ ؽبٌخ ؽذ‬ٝ‫رٌه ف‬ٚ "‫ِضبل‬
- Siamese connection:-
* supply the system with water.
* connected on the pump discharge.
* check valve must be used with it;
.‫ ؽبٌخ إْ ِؿخخ إٌظبَ إضزغٍذ‬ٝ‫بع ٌٍخبسط ف‬١ٌّ‫ة ا‬ٚ‫ٌّٕغ ٘ش‬
‫ب وذا‬ٍٙ‫ ضى‬ٟ‫ػ ٕ٘بلل‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫ػ‬
2.5 inch ٓ٠‫ وجب‬ٍٝ‫ب ػ‬ٍٙ١‫غ‬ٛ‫زُ ر‬٠ٚ dry pipe ‫ ثـ‬Siamese ‫ اٌـ‬ّٝ‫ رُس‬: ‫خ‬٠‫د‬ٛ‫ اٌسؼ‬ٝ‫ ف‬-
discharge ‫ خف اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫س ػ‬١ٌٚ ‫ِجبضشح‬
- Location of Siamese connection:

- exposed location ‫ِىبْ ظب٘ش‬
- note that; minimum 1 Siamese connection for the project.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
: ‫اٌّؿخبد‬ٚ ْ‫ُ اٌخضا‬١ّ‫ رػ‬ٝ‫ ثبل‬، ‫ك‬٠‫ع ِٓ أٔظّخ ِىبفؾخ اٌؾش‬ٛٔ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ٕب ِٓ أ‬١ٙ‫ْ لذ أز‬ٛ‫ثزٌه ٔى‬
.‫ك‬٠‫ ألٔظّخ ِىبفؾخ اٌؾش‬ٝٔ‫ٔشعغ رب‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ُ األ‬ٙ‫ٕ٘خٍػ‬
:‫ؾؼ ِب سجك‬ٛ‫س ر‬ٛ‫ػخ ِٓ اٌػ‬ّٛ‫ف ِغ‬ٛ‫ٔط‬
Deluge system
ً‫ ضغٍزه ثبٌجبق‬، ‫ب ثبٌؾك‬ٍٙ‫ٔفسه اْ ٌُ رطغ‬
3- Fire fighting tank design

3-1 tank capacity “volume”: ‫خ‬١ٕ٠‫اٌسؼخ اٌزخض‬
Volume = pump flow in GPM * required storage time in minute
Where:
- Pump flow in GPM “calculated”
- required storage time in minute “depend on hazard”

hazard Light ordinary extra
required storage time in minute 30: 60 min 60: 90 min 90: 120 min
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-2 tank connections & construction:

Important notes:
a) Same tank “ fire fighting & plumbing”

b) Divide the tank in to two “2” equal partition.
- Puddle flinch: - ‫فبلٔغخ اٌؾبئف‬

‫ذ‬٠‫ش اٌؾذ‬٠‫غٍٗ ِغ أضب‬ٌٛ‫زُ ٌؾبَ ٘زٖ ا‬٠ٚ ‫ؼ‬١ٍ‫ذ اٌزس‬٠‫ ِغ ؽذ‬ٟٔ‫ اٌؾبئف اٌخشسب‬ٝ‫ رُضجذ ف‬-
puddle flinch ‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ اٌخضاْ ػ‬ٝ‫غٍخ ف‬ٚ ً‫ و‬-
‫ِٓ اٌّؿخخ‬ ‫ش‬١‫اس‬ٌّٛ‫ ا‬ٝ‫خ اٌخضاْ ٌشثف ثبل‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ِٓ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Connection on tank diameter height

1- Fire fighting suction pipe Fire fighting 25: 30 cm ‫خ اٌخضاْ ثـ‬١‫ ِٓ أسؾ‬ٍٝ‫أػ‬
2- Fire fighting test line Fire fighting ْ‫بٖ داخً اٌخضا‬١ٌّ‫ ا‬ٜٛ‫ق ِسز‬ٛ‫ف‬
3- Filling lines plumbing ْ‫بٖ داخً اٌخضا‬١ٌّ‫ ا‬ٜٛ‫ق ِسز‬ٛ‫ف‬
4- Over flow line plumbing cm "10 :5" + ْ‫بٖ داخً اٌخضا‬١ٌّ‫ ا‬ٜٛ‫ق ِسز‬ٛ‫ف‬
5- Drain line plumbing Inside depression
6- Domestic suction pipe plumbing Fire fighting storage hff = vff \ Atank
7- Vent pipe plumbing over flow ‫غٍخ اٌـ‬ٚ ِٓ ٍٝ‫أػ‬
Vent pipe:
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
- To avoid cavitations:
1- anti vortex plate 2D where D is suction pipe diameter.
2- The distance between anti vortex plate & depression = 6 inch=

150mm= 15cm.
- Other benefits of this distance are; turbulence ‫س‬ٚ‫ِٕغ ؽذ‬, air bubbles ْٛ‫ِٕغ رى‬
- Trench drain:
: ِٓ ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫غّغ ا‬١‫ث‬
- Drainer pipe
- Over flow line
- Pump room water
plumbing ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ٕ٘ىًّ اٌجبل‬ٚ ‫ثؼذ٘ب قٍّجخ غبقسخ‬ٚ ‫بسح‬١‫ ث‬ٍٝ‫بٖ ػ‬١ٌّ‫ثٕأخز ٘زٖ ا‬ٚ
‫الحسه البصسي‬
– ‫ أي طلبك مسة بعد مسة‬-‫ فبغاك وبغاك‬، ‫إذا وظس إلٍك الشٍطان فسآك مداوما ً فً طاعت هللا‬
‫ وإذا كىت مسة هكـرا ومسة هكرا طمع فٍك‬، ‫ك وزفضك‬ َ َّ ‫فإذا زآك مداوما ً ملـ‬
4- Fire fighting pumps
4-1 Fire fighting pumps:

1- Electrical 2- Stand by pump 3- Jockey pump
pump
a) Diesel b) electrical with ‫ك‬٠‫ ٌؿّبْ إْ ٔظبَ اٌؾش‬-
generator ‫ـ‬ٛ‫دائّب ِؿغ‬
It work when: ‫ ثـ‬NFPA ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ ف‬ّٝ‫ رس‬-
- Failure in elect. pump pressure main pump
- elect. Pump not enough for the
system demand.
stand by ‫ صُ اٌـ‬elect. ‫ صُ اٌـ‬jockey ‫ اٌـ‬ٟ٘ ًّ‫ي ِؿخخ رجذأ ثبٌؼ‬ٚ‫ أ‬-
‫ً اٌّؿخبد‬١‫ رطغ‬ٝ‫ رزؾىُ ف‬ٝ‫ اٌز‬ٟ٘ٚ control panel ُ‫دح ثغشفخ رؾى‬ٚ‫ اٌضبلس ِؿخبد ِض‬-
4-2 hydraulic calculation:
.ٗ‫ ٕ٘ؾسج‬ٌٍٝ‫ ٔسجخ ِٓ إٌبرظ ا‬ٝ‫ ثزجم‬jockey ‫اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ ؛؛‬stand by ‫ اٌـ‬، elect. ‫ ثٕجذأ ٔؾست ؽسبثزٕب ٌـ‬-
:‫ٕ٘جذأ ؽسبثزٕب ٌــ‬

1- cabinet system only 2- sprinkler system only 3- combined system
a) Class II b) Class I,III
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-2-1 cabinet system only:
a) Class II;
100 GPM; 4.5 bar: 6.9 bar
- flow calculation:
100 GPM ‫ ثٕؾزبط‬class II ‫ ػٕذ ػًّ ؽسبثبد اٌّؿخخ ٌـ‬-
- Head calculation:
Hp = Hst + Hres + Hf
Where:
- Hp pump head
- Hst static head
bar ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬١ٌ 10 ٍٝ‫سخ ثبٌّزش صُ ٔمسّٗ ػ‬١‫ٕخ؛ ٕ٘م‬١‫ وج‬ٍٝ‫أػ‬ٚ ‫ي اٌّؿخخ‬ٚ‫– فشق اإلسرفبع ِٓ أ‬
- Hres residual head bar 4.5 = ‫ ػٕذ أثؼذ ٔمكخ‬ٟ‫اٌؿغف اٌّزجم‬
- Hf friction head ‫ذ اإلؽزىبن‬١‫ِفبل‬
hazen-williams formula ‫ك ِؼبدٌخ‬٠‫ي ِسبس ػٓ قش‬ٛ‫زُ اٌؾسبة ألق‬٠ -
Pl = hf= (4.52 * 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓 ) \ (𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 * 𝑫𝟒.𝟖𝟕 )
Where:
-Q the flow in GPM = 100
-C friction loss coefficient = 120; from table 22.4.4.7 hazen-williams C values page 67
-D diameter of the pipe; from table 5-7 pipe schedule page 68
distance of pipe in inch ، GPM ‫ي ثــ‬ٚ‫ثٕذخً اٌغذ‬D ‫ ٌؾسبة اٌـ‬-
inch 1 class II ‫ٕخ‬١‫ داخً ٌٍىج‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ ؛‬inch 4 ٓ٠‫ اٌىجب‬ٞ‫غز‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٟ‫ اٌػبػذ ا‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex: 1’’
4’’, 100 GPM
2’’ 2.5’’ 2.5’’ 2.5’’

FF
tank
Pump 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft
100 GPM 100 GPM 100 GPM 100 GPM
ً‫ ؛ ثٕذخ‬68 ُ‫د ثـ غفؾخ سل‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫ ا‬5-7 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ ٌٍطجىخ ِٓ عذ‬sizing ًّ‫ال ٔؼ‬ٚ‫ أ‬-
 ‫ * بُحسب ألبعذ يساس‬. D ‫ّب اٌـ‬ٙ‫ٔكٍغ ث‬ٚ GPM ‫اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ثبٌّسبفخ‬
ٍٝ‫ٓ ثبألػ‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫ اٌشسُ وّب‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬D ‫ ٔىزت اٌمكش‬-
inch 1 class I ‫ٕخ‬١‫ داخً ٌٍىج‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ ؛‬inch 4 ٓ٠‫ اٌىجب‬ٞ‫غز‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٟ‫ رزوش أْ اٌػبػذ ا‬-
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ وّب‬sections ٌٝ‫ُ اٌّسبس إ‬١‫زُ رمس‬٠ ‫ ثؼذ رٌه‬-

"‫ ٔؿغ ٔمكخ‬diameter ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ أ‬flow ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١‫ رغ‬ٞ‫" أ‬
5
4
1’’
1 2 3
4’’, 100 GPM
2’’ 2.5’’ 2.5’’ 2.5’’

FF
tank
100 GPM 100 GPM 100 GPM 100 GPM
: ٌٟ‫ي اٌزب‬ٚ‫ْ اٌغذ‬ٛ‫ صُ ٔى‬-

sr section GPM D hf Lpipe Leq Ltotal Hf
1 1-2 100 2’’
2 2-3 100 2.5’’
3 3-4 100 4’’
4 4-5 100 1’’
5 ‫ع‬ّٛ‫اٌّغ‬ ‫؟؟‬
Where:
From hf * Ltotal
Pl = hf= (4.52 * 𝑸 𝟏.𝟖𝟓
) \ (𝑪 𝟏.𝟖𝟓
*𝑫 𝟒.𝟖𝟕
) Lpipe + Leq
Table 6.4.3.1
page 68
Hf ‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫ْ ؽػٍٕب ػ‬ٛ‫ثزٌه ٔى‬ٚ 1.1 ٟ‫ ٔؿشثٗ ف‬Hf ‫ع اٌـ‬ّٛ‫ ِغ‬-

head ‫ ٔبزنك َكٌٕ حسبُا انـ‬Hp ‫َعٕض فٗ يعادنت انـ‬
b) Class I ,III;
2.5” , 1” , 2.5”
250 GPM; 6.9 bar: 12.1 bar
- flow calculation:
500 GPM = ٕٗ١‫ وبث‬2 ً‫طغ‬٠ Flow ٍٗ٠‫ ؛ أثؼذ غبػذ ٕ٘ذ‬class III,I ‫ ػٕذ ػًّ ؽسبثبد اٌّؿخخ ٌـ‬-
250 GPM ٍٗ٠‫ وً غبػذ آخش ٕ٘ذ‬-
GPM 1250 Pump ‫خشط ِٓ اٌــ‬٠ Flow ٝ‫ ألػ‬-

.
ً‫ وّب ثبٌطى‬ 1500 ‫س‬١ٌٚ 1250 ‫ خبسط ِٓ اٌّؿخخ‬ٌٍٝ‫ْ ا‬ٛ‫ى‬١٘Riser 5 ٞ‫ ػٕذ‬ٌٛ ٕٝ‫ؼ‬٠ .
X 250 GPM
250 GPM
FF
tank 1250 GPM 1250GPM 1000 GPM 750 GPM 500 GPM
Pump
‫احلسن البرصي‬
: ‫ فاين مسعت بعض الصاحلني يقول‬، ‫أهيا الناس ! احذروا التسويف‬

‫ مث ال نتوب حىت منوت‬، ‫حنن ال نريد أن منوت حىت نتوب‬
- Head calculation:
Where:
- Hp pump head
- Hst static head
bar ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬١ٌ 10 ٍٝ‫سخ ثبٌّزش صُ ٔمسّٗ ػ‬١‫ٕخ؛ ٕ٘م‬١‫ وج‬ٍٝ‫أػ‬ٚ ‫ي اٌّؿخخ‬ٚ‫– فشق اإلسرفبع ِٓ أ‬
- Hres residual head bar 6.9 = ‫ ػٕذ أثؼذ ٔمكخ‬ٟ‫اٌؿغف اٌّزجم‬
hazen-williams formula ‫ك ِؼبدٌخ‬٠‫ي ِسبس ػٓ قش‬ٛ‫زُ اٌؾسبة ألق‬٠ -
Pl = hf= (4.52 * 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓 ) \ (𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 * 𝑫𝟒.𝟖𝟕 )
Where:
-Q the flow in GPM
-C friction loss coefficient = 120; from table 22.4.4.7 hazen-williams C values page 67
-D diameter of the pipe; from table 5-7 pipe schedule page 68
distance of pipe in inch ، GPM ‫ي ثــ‬ٚ‫ثٕذخً اٌغذ‬D ‫ ٌؾسبة اٌـ‬-
inch 2.5 class I,III ‫ٕخ‬١‫ داخً ٌٍىج‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ ؛‬inch 4 ٓ٠‫ اٌىجب‬ٞ‫غز‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٟ‫ اٌػبػذ ا‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫الشهير الحيطان لها ودان‬

‫‫‬ _‫لو إستبدلنا‫المثل‬
‫الصحيحه للمالئكة أقالم لخرج لنا جيال يراقب اهلل‬
‫‫‬ _‫‫بالمقوله‬
..!‫وال يراقب الناس‬
Ex: 2.5’’
250 GPM
250 GPM
4’’, 500 GPM

250 GPM 250 GPM 250 GPM
FF
6’’ 6’’ 5’’ 4”
tank
1250 GPM 1000 GPM 750 GPM 500 GPM
ً‫ ؛ ثٕذخ‬68 ُ‫د ثـ غفؾخ سل‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫ ا‬5-7 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ ٌٍطجىخ ِٓ عذ‬sizing ًّ‫ال ٔؼ‬ٚ‫ أ‬-
 ‫ * بُحسب ألبعذ يساس‬. D ‫ّب اٌـ‬ٙ‫ٔكٍغ ث‬ٚ GPM ‫اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ثبٌّسبفخ‬
ٍٝ‫ٓ ثبألػ‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫ اٌشسُ وّب‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬D ‫ ٔىزت اٌمكش‬-
inch 2.5 class I,III ‫ٕخ‬١‫ داخً ٌٍىج‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ ؛‬inch 4 ٓ٠‫ اٌىجب‬ٞ‫غز‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٟ‫ رزوش أْ اٌػبػذ ا‬-
: ٍٟ٠ ‫ وّب‬sections ٌٝ‫ُ اٌّسبس إ‬١‫زُ رمس‬٠ ‫ ثؼذ رٌه‬-

"‫ ٔؿغ ٔمكخ‬diameter ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ أ‬flow ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١‫ رغ‬ٞ‫" أ‬ 6 7
4
Ex: 5 2.5’’
3
250 GPM
2
1
250 GPM
4’’, 500 GPM

250 GPM 250 GPM 250 GPM
FF
6’’ 6’’ 5’’ 4”
tank
1250 GPM 1000 GPM 750 GPM 500 GPM
1 1-2 1250 6’’
2 2-3 1000 6’’
3 3-4 750 5’’
4 4-5 500 4’’
5 5-6 250 4”
6 6-7 250 2.5”
7 ‫ع‬ّٛ‫اٌّغ‬ ‫؟؟‬
Where:
From hf * Ltotal
Pl = hf= (4.52 * Q^1.85) \ (C^1.85 * D^4.86) Lpipe + Leq
Table 6.4.3.1
page 68

‫الحسن البصري‬
‫قرأت في تسعين موضعا من‬

‫القرآن أن اهلل قدر األرزاق و‬
‫ و قرأت في‬، ‫ضمنها لخلقه‬
‫ الشيطان‬: ‫موضع واحد‬
‫يعدكم الفقر … فشككنا‬
‫في قول الصادق في تسعين‬
‫موضع ًا و صدقنا قول‬
‫الكاذب في موضع واحد‬
4-2-2 Sprinkler system only:
Steps:
1- Most demand area:
‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ ػ‬ٝ‫ ػجبسٖ ػٓ ِسبؽخ ٘جذأ ؽسبثبر‬-
"‫ش‬١‫س األخ‬ٚ‫ اٌذ‬ٝ‫ األثؼذ ػٓ اٌّؿخخ "أثؼذ ِسبؽخ ف‬ٟ٘ ‫ ٘زٖ اٌّسبؽخ‬-
NFPA ‫ فٗ انـ‬demand ‫طت انـ‬ٚ‫ًت انًساحت نكم دسجت خطٕسة ْٕٔ يأخٕر يٍ خش‬ٛ‫حذد ل‬ٚ ٙ‫ٔانجذٔل انتان‬
Hazard Most demand Area

Light Hazard 139 𝑚2 , 1500 ft 2
Ordinary Hazard 139 𝑚2 , 1500 ft 2
Extra Hazard 232 𝑚2 , 2500 ft 2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2- Sprinkler density: ‫وضبفخ اٌشش‬
NFPA ‫ فٗ انـ‬demand ‫طت انـ‬ٚ‫ًتانكثافت نكم دسجت خطٕسة ْٕٔ يأخٕر يٍ خش‬ٛ‫حذد ل‬ٚ ٙ‫ٔانجذٔل انتان‬
Hazard Sprinkler density GPM\𝑓𝑡 2

Light Hazard 0.1
Ordinary Hazard 0.15: 0.2
Extra Hazard 0.3 : 0.4
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3- K factor; flow & pressure:

Q = K √𝑝
5.65 = KSP ‫ فإْ اٌـ‬FM ، UL ‫فمبً ٌـ‬ٚ -
Factory Under writer laboratories uniform listed

mutual
ٓ١‫وذا ِزطغٍص ثبٌه ّ٘ب ػبسف‬ٚ ٚ‫ض‬٠‫ األ‬ٞ‫ؽبعخ ص‬
‫وذا‬ٚ ٚ‫ض‬٠‫األ‬ :D ٌُٙ ًٙ‫س‬٠ ‫ُ اهلل‬ٍٙ‫ضغ‬
Ex:
Required:
- make a complete design for the fire fighting pump which
serves a building; the most demand area is as shown.
Note that; the hazard is ordinary hazard.
NFPA ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ػ ف‬ٚ‫٘زا اٌّضبي ِطش‬
Where:
Sp1 , qsp1 , psp1 : ٗ‫ اٌؿغف ػٕذ سأس‬، ٌٗ ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫ و‬، ‫ي‬ٚ‫ اٌشضبش األ‬-
ُ‫ اٌشس‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫٘ىزا ٌٍجبل‬ٚ

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ٗ‫ؼ‬٠‫ أثؼذ رفش‬ٟ٘ : ُ‫ اٌشس‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬X ‫ إٌمكخ‬-
Pl1 losses
Most demand area ‫ ِزشِشثغ‬139 ٞٚ‫رسب‬ٚ ‫أثؼذ ِسبؽخ ػٓ اٌّؿخخ‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Steps of the solution:

a) Location of most demand area
b) ‫ اٌّضبي‬ٝ‫بد ػٕذ وً سضبش وّب ثبٌشسُ ف‬١ّ‫ اٌّس‬ّٟ‫ٔجذأ ٔس‬
c) ‫ رٍه اٌّسبؽخ‬ٝ‫دائّب ٔجذأ اٌؾً ِٓ ػٕذ أثؼذ سضبش ف‬
“Most remote sprinkler”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2
1- most demand area = 1500 𝑓𝑡 “ordinary hazard”
2- from NFPA Chart 𝜌 = 0.15 GPM\𝑓𝑡 2
3- Discharge of the most remote sprinkler: ‫ْزِ انًعادنت تُستخذو يشة‬
𝑞𝑠𝑝1 = 𝐴𝑠𝑝1 * 𝜌 ‫ٔاحذِ عُذ أبعذ سشاش‬
Where:
𝐴𝑠𝑝1 Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler

Hazard Area (𝒇𝒕𝟐 ) Distance between sprinkler (m)
Light Hazard 200 4.6
Ordinary Hazard 130 4.6
Extra Hazard 100 3.7
𝜌 0.15 = ‫ اٌىضبفخ‬،‫كخ‬٠‫ب ِٓ اٌخش‬ٙ‫سجك اسزخشاع‬
𝑞𝑠𝑝1 = 130 * 0.15 = 19.5 GPM = 𝑄1

4- Calculate the pressure @ the most remote sprinkler:
𝑄1 = K 𝑝
Where
𝑄1 ‫بٖ ػٕذ اٌشضبش‬١ٌّ‫بْ ا‬٠‫سش‬
K sprinkler K factor 5.65 ‫ّزٗ ثـ‬١‫ل‬ٚ ‫سجك ضشؽخ‬ٚ

𝑝 ‫اٌؿغف ػٕذ اٌشضبش‬
∴ 19.5 = 5.65 𝑝
∴ 𝑝𝑆𝑃1 = 11.9
Note that:
- The minimum residual pressure for any sprinkler is 7 psi = 0.5 bar.
5- Calculate the friction losses per unit of pipe from the most
remote sprinkler to the adjacent sprinkler by using hazen-
william formula.
4.52∗ Q 1.85
𝑝 =
C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87
Where:
𝑝 Frictional losses per unit feet psi\ feet
𝑐 Coefficient of friction for the pipe material = 120 black steel
𝐷 Diameter on “inch” from table.

𝑄 Flow on “GPM”
Apply this formula for 𝒑𝒍𝟏
𝒑𝒍𝟏 𝟒.𝟓𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟗.𝟓𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒊
∴ 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟖𝟓 =
∗ 𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟕 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕
pl1
6- Multiply friction losses per feet ( feet)* total length
(Pipe length + eq. length)
∴ 𝒑𝒍𝟏 = 𝒑𝒍𝟏 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 * 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 =
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7- Calculate the residual pressure on adjacent sp2
𝒑𝒔𝒑𝟐 = 𝑝𝑠𝑝1 + 𝑝𝑙1 = 13.5 psi

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
8- Calculate the discharge @ this adjacent remote sprinkler
𝑞𝑠𝑝2 = k 𝑝
∴ 𝑞𝑠𝑝2 = 5.65 √13.5 = 20.7 psi

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
9- Calculate the discharge in this pipe section
𝑄2 = 𝑄1 + 𝑞𝑠𝑝2
∴ 𝑄2 = 40.2 GPM
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10- 3 ‫ ٌـ اٌشضبش‬9 ، 8 ، 7 ، 6 ، 5 ‫اد‬ٛ‫زُ رىشاس اٌخك‬٠

: ‫زُ ؽسبة‬١‫ف‬
𝑃𝑙2 \\ 𝑝𝑠𝑝3 = ( 𝑝𝑠𝑝2 +𝑃𝑙2 ) \\ 𝑞𝑠𝑝3 \\ 𝑄3
11- 4 ‫ ٌـ اٌشضبش‬9 ، 8 ، 7 ، 6 ، 5 ‫اد‬ٛ‫زُ رىشاس اٌخك‬٠
: ‫زُ ؽسبة‬١‫ف‬
𝑃𝑙3 \\ 𝑝𝑠𝑝4 = ( 𝑝𝑠𝑝3 +𝑃𝑙3 ) \\ 𝑞𝑠𝑝4 \\ 𝑄4
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
demand area ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ ف‬branch ‫بء ِٓ أثؼذ‬ٙ‫زُ اإلٔز‬٠ ٝ‫اد ؽز‬ٛ‫زُ رىشاس ٘زٖ اٌخك‬٠ -
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
Sp5 will be ignored in the calculation as it isn’t included in the most
demand area
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4.52∗ Q 4 1.85
12- 𝑝𝑙4 =
C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87
𝒑𝒍𝟒
Multiply friction losses per feet ( 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕)* total length
∴ 𝒑𝒍𝟒 = 𝒑𝒍𝟒 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 * 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 =
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SPK ‫ب‬ٙٔ‫وأ‬ٚ X ‫ٕ٘ؼزجش ٔمكخ‬- 13
𝑃𝑥 = 𝑝𝑙4 + 𝑝𝑠𝑝4
𝑄𝑥 = 𝑄4 = 𝑄3 + 𝑞𝑠𝑝4
14- Calculate K factor for the pipe
𝑸
K=
√𝑷
𝑸𝟒
∴ 𝑲𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆 =
𝑷𝒙
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4.52∗ Q 4 1.85
15- 𝑝𝑙5 =
C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87
spk ‫انٕصهت بتغز٘ كاو‬
‫ب انمطش يٍ انجذٔل‬ٛ‫َٔج‬
𝒑𝒍𝟓
∴ 𝒑𝒍𝟓 = 𝒑𝒍𝟓 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 * 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 =
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
16- py = px + pl5
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
17- 𝑄5 = 𝐾𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑝𝑦
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
18- 𝑄6 = 𝑄5 + 𝑄4
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4.52∗ Q 6 1.85
19- 𝑝𝑙6 =
C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87
𝒑𝒍𝟔
∴ 𝒑𝒍𝟔 = 𝒑𝒍𝟔 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 * 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 =
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
20- pz = py + 𝑝𝑙6
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
21- 𝑄7 = 𝐾𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑝𝑧
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22- 𝑄8 = 𝑄7 + 𝑄6
𝑤𝑒𝑕𝑟𝑒:
𝑄8 Pump flow ## 
- Head calculation:
Where:
- Hp pump head
- Hst static head
bar ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬١ٌ 10 ٍٝ‫سخ ثبٌّزش صُ ٔمسّٗ ػ‬١‫ي اٌّؿخخ ؛ ٕ٘م‬ٚ‫– فشق اإلسرفبع ِٓ أ‬
- Hres residual head pz = demand area ً‫اٌؿغف ػٕذ ِذخ‬
Hf ‫ؽسبة اٌـ‬
demand area ‫ ِذخً اٌـ‬ٌٝ‫ي اٌّؿخخ إ‬ٚ‫ي ِسبس ِٓ أ‬ٛ‫أق‬- 1

"‫ ٔؿغ ٔمكخ‬diameter ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ أ‬flow ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١‫ "ػٕذ وً رغ‬section ٌٝ‫ٔمسّٗ إ‬- 2
𝑫𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒓 = 4 in
1
2
‫ع‬ّٛ‫اٌّغ‬ ‫؟؟‬
Where:
From hf * Ltotal
Pl = hf= (4.52 * Q^1.85) \ (C^1.85 * D^4.86) Lpipe + Leq
Table 6.4.3.1
page 68

4-2-3 combined system:
Steps:
A) Calculate the flow for cabinet system only.
B) Add for this flow :
1- Light hazard 2- Ordinary hazard 3- Extra hazard
GPM 150 ‫ف‬١‫ ٔؿ‬- GPM 500 ‫ف‬١‫ ٔؿ‬- ‫٘زا ِسزجؼذ‬ٚ ٖ‫ؽذ‬ٌٛ ‫اؽذ‬ٚ ً‫ ٔؾست و‬-
C) Head calculation:
- calculate head for cabinet
- calculate head for sprinkler
*** take the larger
‫ األوجش‬ٛ٘ cabinet ‫ ٌٍـ‬head ‫ اٌـ‬%75 ‫ دائّب ثٕسجخ‬-
𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑡Riser = 6 in combined system ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ ف‬-
. ‫ ومن خاف انناص أخافه اهلل من كم شيء‬،‫من خاف اهلل أخاف اهلل منه كم شيء‬
4-3 jockey pump calculation:

Head 𝑗𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑦 = 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 1 bar
stand by ، elect. ‫ > ؾغف اٌـ‬jockey ‫∴ ؾغف اٌـ‬
Flowjockey = 5:20 GPM
Flowjockey = 1% system flow
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
𝑄𝐺𝑃𝑀 ∗ 𝐻𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
Hp =
3960 ∗ ɳ
Horse power 0 .65
4-4 pumps hock up:

1- Two(2) isolating valve “OS&Y gate valve with tamper
switch” ; jockey not need OS&Y
2- Check valve
3- Pressure gage
4- Flow meter
5- Eccentric reducer
6- Automatic air vent “AAV” ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ضفف فمبػبد ا‬
7- Two(2) flexible connection to prevent vibration
8- Floating floor “spring cap, rubber pad”
9- Flow switch ; jockey not need it
(6)
Pump
N
(1) (8) (7) (3) (2) (9) (4) (1)
For site engineer

5- Fire fighting fittings
5-1 Material takes off ‫ؽػش اٌخبِبد‬

1- Deign package 2- Construction
Design drawing Cost estimation ‫بد‬١ّ‫ؽسبة اٌى‬
BOQ “pumps, pipes َ‫ي وب‬ٛ‫ص ِٓ ق‬ٚ‫وً لكش ػب‬ Requesting order ‫قٍجبد اٌطشاء‬
, spk, co2 or fm200 system,
cabinet”
Specs “specification” Pipes “fittings, hangar”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-2 Fittings:
1- threaded fittings
2- weld fittings
3- grooved fittings
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫خري الناس أنفعهم للناس‬

5-2-3 Grooved fittings:

: ‫اع‬ٛٔ‫ صبلصخ أ‬ٌٝ‫ رٕمسُ إ‬-
5-2-3-1 end grooved fittings
(Elbow, Tee, Reducer)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-2-3-2 coupling
:ٓ١‫ػ‬ٛٔ ‫ب‬ٌٙٚ
a) rigid
‫بٌه‬ٙ‫ ِزؼشؾخ ٌٍز‬coupling ‫اٌـ‬ٚ ً‫ٓ رّبِب‬١ِٛ‫ُ ٍِؾ‬ٙٔ‫وأ‬
b) flexible
‫خ‬٠ٛ‫ ِشٔخ ض‬ٝ‫غٍخ ثزجم‬ٌٛ‫ا‬
"‫ ثشط اٌؼشة‬ٝ‫َ ف‬ٚ‫خ "اٌجذس‬١‫اغً اإلٔطبئ‬ٛ‫ اٌف‬ٝ‫ب ف‬ٙ‫ج‬١‫ثٕغ‬
rigid ٟ‫اٌجبل‬ٚ flexible ‫ب‬ٙ‫ج‬١‫ ثٕغ‬coupling ‫ ِٓ اٌـ‬% 10 ≅
coupling ‫ػبْ ٌٍـ‬ٛٔ ‫عذ‬ٛ٠ **
ٓ١‫ٓ ِخزٍف‬٠‫ٓ ثمكش‬١‫سر‬ٛ‫ ٌشثف ِبس‬reducer coupling ٚ‫ أ‬،،، ٞ‫ع ػبد‬ٛٔ -
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-2-3-3 mechanical Tee

: ٓ١‫ػ‬ٛٔ ٌٗٚ
a) one branch configuration (grooved or threaded‫ل‬ٚٚ‫) لبل‬

b) cross branch (2grooved or 2threaded or grooved threaded)
Ex:
fittings ‫ِؾزبط أػشف اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ش ثبٌطىً دا‬١‫اس‬ِٛ ‫ خف‬ٞ‫ػٕذ‬
:ٌٝٚ‫غٍخ األ‬ٌٛ‫ال ا‬ٚ‫أ‬
: ‫ب‬ٙ‫ث‬ٚ ‫ وّب ثبٌطىً اٌسبثك‬ٌٝٚ‫غٍخ األ‬ٌٛ‫ا‬

1- grooved Tee 4” * 2.5” * 4”
2- two(2) rigid coupling 4”
3- one(1) rigid coupling 2.5”
4- grooved elbow 2.5”
5- two(2) rigid coupling (RC) 2.5”
‫خ‬١ٔ‫غٍخ اٌضب‬ٌٛ‫ا‬
reducer َ‫ٌىٓ ٕ٘سزخذ‬ٚ ٌٝٚ‫غٍخ األ‬ٌٛ‫ٔفس فىشح ا‬

1- grooved Tee 4” * 3” * 4”
2- reducer 4” * 2.5”
3- one(1) rigid coupling 2.5”
4- one(1) rigid coupling 4”
5- one(1) rigid coupling 3”
6- grooved elbow 3”
7- two(2) rigid coupling (RC) 3”
Note that:
‫ ٔرنك ألٌ لطش انـ‬mechanical Tee ‫ت نى َستخذو‬َٛ‫فٗ انٕصهت األٔنٗ ٔانثا‬
NFPA ‫ ٔفما نـ‬main ‫تعذٖ عٍ َصف لطش خط انـ‬ٚ ‫جب أال‬ٚ ‫ ال‬mechanical Tee
: ‫غٍخ اٌضبٌضخ‬ٌٛ‫ا‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RN: riser nipple ٓ١‫ز‬ٙ‫ب ِٓ اٌغ‬ٙ‫ظز‬ٍٛ‫ ٔزّىٓ ِٓ ل‬ٟ‫ سُ ٌى‬10 = ~ ‫ع‬ٛ‫ ٌٍى‬ٟ‫غٍخ رأخز ِٓ اي ر‬ٚ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ٍّٗ‫ٔسزغفشن ٌّب ال ٔؼ‬ٚ ٍّٗ‫ئب ٔؼ‬١‫ر ثه ِٓ أْ ٔطشن ثه ض‬ٛ‫ُ إٔب ٔؼ‬ٌٍٙ‫ا‬
Ex:
mechanical Tee ًّ‫غ ػ‬١‫ ٘ز اٌّضبي ٔسزك‬ٝ‫ف‬
 fittings ‫لُ ثؾػش اٌـ‬ٚ ًّ‫أو‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
* Pipe schedule:
4” sch 40 40 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ب ربثغ ٌغذ‬ٙ‫سّى‬ٚ "4 ٖ‫س‬ٛ‫ ِبس‬ٞ‫يعُاْا ػٕذ‬
‫سح‬ٛ‫ي ٌٗ سّه ِخزٍف ٌٕفس اٌّبس‬ٚ‫** وً عذ‬
Schedule pipe thickness
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ْٕ األفضم‬
** groove ٓ١‫مز‬٠‫زُ ثكش‬٠
a) roll groove ‫ْ لع‬ٚ‫ٔؿغف ثذ‬
b) cut groove ‫ اٌّخشقخ‬ٝ‫زُ ف‬٠
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
*** Diameters:
Pipe diameter thickness stress
∴ Fittings:
1- Threaded
2- Weld
3- Grooved (roll groove or cut groove)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
From NFPA for fittings we get:
1- Threaded & cut groove 2- Weld & roll groove
Sch40 َ‫" ٔسزخذ‬8 < D ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ف‬- Sch10 َ‫" ٔسزخذ‬5 ≤ D ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ف‬-
Sch30 َ‫" ٔسزخذ‬8 > D ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ف‬- ‫ي‬ٚ‫ عذ‬ٞ‫ أ‬NFPA ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫زوش ف‬٠ ٌُ "5 > D ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ف‬-
ٌٗ‫ رٍه اٌؾب‬ٝ‫ي ف‬ٚ‫ عذ‬ٞ‫ ِكّٓ إْ أسزخذَ أ‬ٝٔ‫أل‬
 ‫فمف‬ٚ ٓ١‫ز‬١ٌ‫ٓ اٌزب‬١‫أٔب وّػُّ ٘أوزت اٌغٍّز‬
For pipes: 1” , 114 " , 112 " , 2” threaded sch40

For pipes: 212 ” ‫ق‬ٛ‫ فّب ف‬، weld roll groove sch10
‫ كلما مضى ٌوم مضى بعضك‬، ‫إوما أوت أٌام مجموعت‬
 ‫نرجع نستكمل باقي أنظمت مكافحت الحريق‬
2-2 Fire extinguishers “fire ext.”

2-2-1 Type of fire ext. “Class of fire”
2-2-2 Location of fire ext.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-1 Type of fire ext. “Class of fire”

ٗ‫سذ ِسبؽز‬١ٌٚ ْ‫ اضغبالد اٌّىب‬ٍٝ‫رؼزّذ ػ‬
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K

Surface fire Fire in Fire in Fire in Fire in cooking
: ً‫ ِض‬، ‫خ‬١‫ؽشائك سكؾ‬ combustible energized elect combustible media
Wood paper material in Equipment material in
clothes liquid ٌٗ‫ضٖ ضغب‬ٙ‫االع‬ solid state
material ‫سذ ِخضٔخ‬١ٌٚ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-2 Location of fire ext.
* Travel distance 30 m
** Guide location:
- escape stair case
- escape corridor
ٗ٠‫ٕٗ ِغ قفب‬١‫ُ وج‬١ّ‫ػٕذ اٌزػ‬
، ‫ اٌسّبء‬ٝ‫اهلل أوجش ػذد ِبخٍك اهلل ف‬ٚ ‫اٌؾّذ هلل‬ٚ ‫سجؾبْ اهلل‬
، ‫ األسؼ‬ٝ‫اهلل أوجش ػذد ِب خٍك اهلل ف‬ٚ ‫اٌؾّذ هلل‬ٚ ‫سجؾبْ اهلل‬
، ‫اٌسّبء‬ٚ ‫ٓ األسؼ‬١‫اهلل أوجش ػذد ِب خٍك اهلل ث‬ٚ ‫اٌؾّذ هلل‬ٚ ‫سجؾبْ اهلل‬
‫ خبٌك‬ٛ٘ ‫ِب‬ٚ ‫اهلل أوجش ػذد ِب خٍك اهلل‬ٚ ‫اٌؾّذ هلل‬ٚ ‫سجؾبْ اهلل‬
ٗ٠‫ٕٗ ِغ قفب‬١‫ُ وج‬١ّ‫ػٕذ اٌزػ‬
electro galvanized sheet ْٛ‫ب ثزى‬ٙ‫ٕٗ ٔفس‬١‫* خبِخ اٌىج‬

:ٓ١‫مز‬٠‫رزُ اٌغٍفٕٗ ثكش‬ٚ
Hot deep galvanized Electro static

ٓ‫ اٌسبخ‬ٍٝ‫عٍفٕٗ ػ‬ "‫ اٌجبسد‬ٍٝ‫ٗ"ػ‬٠‫عٍفٕٗ ػبد‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
** Type of fire ext. according to its shape:
Portable wheeled automatic “matic”
" ‫" ثززطبي‬ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ رش‬ٍٝ‫رُؾًّ ػ‬
‫اٌسمف‬
)58( "‫ئب " أسأٌىُ اٌذػبء‬١‫ٗ ض‬١‫شٖ ف‬١‫غؼً ألؽذ غ‬٠ ‫أال‬ٚ ‫ٗ خبٌػب‬ٙ‫ع‬ٌٛ ًّ‫غؼً ٘زا اٌؼ‬٠ ْ‫أسأي اهلل أ‬ Matic
Sprinkle
r
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if
you remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull ‫اسحب‬
 Aim‫حدد الهدف‬
 Squeeze‫اضغط‬
 Sweep‫أرجح‬
Aim
2-3 Gaseous system:

General note:
1- Gaseous system; Special system in case water system no applicable.
Such as:
“Electrical room, severe room, IT room”

Banks “document rooms, ْ‫“ غشف اٌخض‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2- Concept:
Inert gas “ ‫ اإلضزؼبي‬ٍٝ‫سبػذ ػ‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ً‫طزؼ‬٠ ‫ك اسزخذاَ غبص خبًِ ال‬٠‫𝑂 ػٓ قش‬2 ‫ً ٔسجخ اٌـ‬١ٍ‫ رم‬-
𝑐𝑜2 , 𝑓𝑚200
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3- design:
a) Weight of required gas. “not volume” 
b) Sequence of operation.
………………………..
A) Weight of required gas. “not volume” 
It depends on:
- Volume of space
- Temperature of space
- Type of fire
ٍ‫ثّؾّذ‬ٚ ‫ًٕب‬٠‫ثبإلسبلَ د‬ٚ ‫ذ ثبهلل سثًّب‬١‫سؾ‬

‫ال‬ٛ‫سس‬ٚ ‫ًب‬١‫سٍَُ ٔج‬ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫ اهلل ػ‬ٍٝ‫غ‬
Steps:
1- Calculate the volume of the space.
Volume = length * width * height
2-
W=v*f
Where:
W required gas weight ( kg or lb )
V volume of space ( 𝑚3 or 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 3 )

𝑘𝑔
F flooding factor ٛ‫ِؼبًِ اٌكف‬ ( 𝑚3 or 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 3 )
It passed on:
- Type of gas
- Type of fire
- Type of gas
By table 1 c , concentration factor

‫ت‬ٛ‫انجذأل فٗ انصفحت انتان‬
- Type of fire
C
By table 2 F = 0.0341 𝒍𝒃 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕𝟑
Temp. Of space “70 ℉ , 22 ℃
Table 1:
Table 2:
b) Sequence of operation:
1- Detectors sends signal to FACP

2- Signal from FACP to motor in solenoid:-
a) Gives signal to output to alarm (fire strop)
‫ك‬١‫ع اٌزكج‬ٛٔ ٍٝ‫رؼزّذ ِذح اإلٔزاس ػ‬
) non manual stopping ٚ‫ أ‬manual stopping ( ‫ؾذس‬٠ ‫لذ‬
.b ُ‫ سل‬ٟ٘ ٜ‫ إضبسح أخش‬ٟ‫ؼك‬١‫ س‬non manual stopping ‫س‬ٚ‫ ؽبٌخ ؽذ‬ٝ‫ف‬
b) Sends signal to close the door
holder ٚ‫ أ‬magnetic door ‫رزُ ثـ‬ٚ
c) Sends signal to compressor
‫اء فزػجؼ اٌغشفخ ِؾىّخ اٌغٍك‬ٌٛٙ‫رطخ رؾذ ػمت اٌجبة ثب‬ٚ‫ّؤل وب‬٠
d) Sends signal to solenoid valve to start releasing the gas.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
* Standard weight for 𝑐𝑜2 is 45 kg
** For Fm200 no standard
‫ مباشرة‬weight ‫يوجد برنامج لحساب الـ‬

Plumbing Works Calculations
‫ ثٕؼّزٗ رزُ اٌػبٌؾبد‬ٞ‫ً اٌز‬ٌٙ ‫اٌؾّذ‬

‫ه‬١ٌ‫ة إ‬ٛ‫أر‬ٚ ‫ أسزغفشن‬، ‫ذ أال إٌٗ إال أٔذ‬ٙ‫ثؾّذن أض‬ٚ ٌٍُٙ‫سجؾبٔه ا‬
ٓ١ٌّ‫اٌؾّذ ٌٗ سة اٌؼب‬ٚ ٓ١ٍ‫ اٌّشس‬ٍٝ‫سبلٌَ ػ‬ٚ ْٛ‫ػف‬٠ ‫سجؾبْ سثه سة اٌؼضح ػّب‬
‫أسألكم الدعاء‬

Fire Fighting Systems

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Fire Fighting Systems

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Fire fighting course in QEC (Quality for Engineering consulting)

Prepared by \ eng.hosam eldin samir e.hosam2000@gmail.com

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

1-1 Fire safety 1-2 Fire alarm 1-3 Fire fighting

NFPA: ُ١ّ‫ ٌٍزػ‬ٟ‫ى‬٠‫د األِش‬ٛ‫اٌى‬

2- Fire fighting systems:

2-1 water suppression system:

1- Glass bulb type 2- Fusible link type

glass bulb fusible link

Deflector : ‫ٕطش٘ب‬٠ٚ ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫صع ا‬ٛ٠ ‫ػجبسح ػٓ قجك‬

1- Pendent 2- Upright 3- side wall

-direction of flow -direction of flow is up -direction of flow is linear

Pendent, upright, side wall pendent, upright side wall

:‫ى سحًّ اهلل‬ٛ‫لال ابٍ انم‬

2-1-1-b) Zone control station: “ZCS”

Discharge line cross main

Suction line branches

* Zone control station: “ZCS” consists of the following components:

4) Check valve: “none return valve” N

6) Pressure reducing valve: “PRV”

7) Test & drain valve: “ normally closed”

* must be the lowest point in the net work

Zone control station: “ZCS” 

Test & drain

External additional flushing connection

* must be the lowest point in the net work

2-1-1-C) Sprinkler system design:

ٗ‫س ِسبؽز‬١ٌٚ ْ‫ إضغبالد اٌّىب‬ٍٝ‫ؼزّذ ػ‬٠ٚ ، ‫سح‬ٛ‫ اٌخك‬ٜٛ‫ذ ِسز‬٠‫ رؾذ‬-

1- Light hazard 2- Ordinary hazard 3- extra hazard

2- From NFPA tables ; according to hazard

3- Making distribution for sprinkler:

(10 \ 4.6) = 2.2 =3

:D ‫ُ ِغ ثؼؽ‬ّٙ‫ٔشس‬ٚwidth ‫ٔبخذ ثبٌّشح اٌـ‬

‫ ِزش‬10 = X ‫ع وً اٌــ‬ّٛ‫* ِغ‬

‫ ِزش‬5 = Y ‫ع وً اٌــ‬ّٛ‫* ِغ‬

a) Maximum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (4.6 m)

a) No. of sprinkler & its location ِٓ ‫ٕب‬١ٙ‫وذا أز‬

b) Net work sizing:

Pipe sizing No. of sprinkler

!ْ‫ اإلٔسب‬ٜٛ٘ ٚ ْ‫ اٌمشآ‬ٜ‫ ٘ذ‬.ْ‫ ضزبْ ضزب‬:ْ‫مبْ ِخزٍفب‬٠‫ّب قش‬ٙٔ‫أال إ‬

net work sizing ًّ‫ِضبي ٌؼ‬

Design net work ًّ‫ٓ ٔؼ‬٠‫ص‬ٚ‫ ػب‬-

S ‫ ِزش‬4.25 = ‫ أِبَ اٌشضبش‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬

L ‫ ِزش‬3.75 = ‫ب اٌشضبش ثبٌؼشؼ‬ٙ١‫غك‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬

:ً‫ٓ ثبٌطى‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫وّب‬

S ‫ ِزش‬8.5 : ‫ ِزش‬4.25 => ‫ أِبَ اٌشضبش‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬

L "ٗ‫ ِزش "صبثز‬3.75 = ‫ب اٌشضبش ثبٌؼشؼ‬ٙ١‫غك‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌّسبفخ ا‬

‫‪2-1-1-D) Special sprinkler systems:‬‬

‫‪compressed water‬‬ ‫‪compressed air‬‬

‫‪- Single acting system‬‬

3- Pre action system 4- Deluge system

- double acting system - Single acting system

) SD ْ‫ ؽسبط دخب‬، HD ‫( ؽسبط ؽشاسح‬

2-1-2 cabinet systems: (class: I, II, III);

- Inside the building

1- Class I 2- Class II 3- Class III

- D = 2.5 inch - D = 1 inch or 1.5 inch - D = 1 inch and 2.5 inch

- design condition: - design condition: - design condition:

note that: note that: -note that:

- Design of cabinet system:

2- Guide location: “ٓ٠‫ؾغ اٌىجب‬ٚ ٓ‫“ أِبو‬

- Escape corridor ‫ة‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫ِّش ا‬

- @ car park in ‘main inlet, main exit’