SEMINAR

A31-A37 will be presenting today’s topic.

 Introduction

Principle

Interpreting the diagram

Absorption

Vibrational Relaxation

Internal Conversion

Fluorescence

Intersystem crossing

Phosphorence
Jabłoński
Aleksander
Jabłoński
- Jabłoński, a Polish physicist, pioneered fluorescence spectroscopy.
- Explored fluorescence spectra and excitation light impact.
- Verified that fluorescence spectrum isn't affected by excitation light
wavelength.
- Named for Jean Baptiste Perrin and Aleksander Jabłoński.
- Illustrates fluorescence processes and kinetics.
- Jean Perrin introduced energy transfer concepts; Francis Perrin
refined with quenching models and relationships.

26 Feb, 1898 9 Sep, 1980

 1. Introduction and
Principle:
• Photophysical processes involve
interactions between light and
molecules, leading to energy
changes and transitions.
• These processes play a crucial role
in spectroscopy, photovoltaics, and
materials science fields.
• At their core, photophysical
processes encompass the
absorption, emission, and relaxation
of energy in molecules.
 2. Interpreting the Diagram
- Diagrams visualize energy levels and
transitions, aiding comprehension of molecu
processes.
- They illustrate the absorption of energy,
emission of light, and relaxation pathways.
- The diagram's vertical axis represents ener

ATO M B O M B
and transitions occur when energy differenc
match photon energies.`
A nuclear weapon[a] is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from
nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion reactions,
producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of
energy from relatively small amounts of matter.
3. Absorption:
- Absorption is a radiative transition.
- A molecule absorbs a photon, moving from a lower
state to a higher electronic state.
- Shown as blue arrows on the diagram.
- This transition is rapid (around 10^-15 seconds).
- Most molecules at room temperature start in the
lowest vibrational level of the ground state (Boltzmann
distribution).
- Absorption promotes the molecule to vibrational
levels of singlet excited states (S1, S2, ...).
v
Vibrational Relaxation:
- Non-radiative transition within the same
electronic state to lower vibrational level.
- Dissipates excess energy gained from
absorption.
- Happens rapidly (10^-12 to 10^-10
seconds).
- Competes with other transitions.
Internal Conversion:
- Non-radiative transition between two
electronic states of same spin
multiplicity.
- Follows internal conversion and
vibrational relaxation.
- Faster for closely spaced states
(10^-11 to 10^-9 seconds).
- Slower for states with wider energy
gap, competing with other transitions.
 Fluorescence:
- Radiative transition between electronic
states of same spin multiplicity.
- Emission of photons from S1 → S0
transition.
- Occurs rapidly (10^-10 to 10^-7
seconds).
- Usually from lowest vibrational level of
excited singlet state to singlet ground
state.
- Explains Kasha's Rule and Stokes-Shift.
Intersystem Crossing:
- Non-radiative transition between
vibrational levels of different spin
multiplicity.
- From S1 to T1 state through spin-orbit
coupling.
- Competes with internal conversion
and fluorescence.
- Slow for most organic molecules,
except with heavy atom incorporation
Phosphorescence:
- Radiative transition between
electronic states of different spin
multiplicity.
- Emission of photons from T1 → S0
transition.
- Weaker allowed transition due to
spin-orbit coupling.
- Slower compared to fluorescence
(10^-6 to 10 seconds).
Chrisyl Danica M
A31 Clarissa Clera A34
A32 A33

Danica D Deeksha
A35 Daniel A37
A36