LITERATURE REVIEW

ACID ATTACK
When talking about acid attacks, this act is considered as extreme violence or crime that is
committed to defame or kill someone. The main victims are generally women or the people
who are in their blossom. Many researches and case studies are written on acid attack and acid
attack victims, and the hub of this crime is southeast Asia i.e. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
According to the writer Nihaaluddin Ahmed Bangladesh reported maximum of 2500 cases
between 2000 t0 2010. The news of acid attacks is most commonly prominent in newspaper
headlines. Reference to NEWYORK TIMES kerosene and acid have become the deadliest
weapon for the female citizens of India and Bangladesh.
According to European Journal of Science and Research (2017), The society and culture of
Pakistan is mainly based on patriarchal views that means women are suppressed or sub in the
level to male of the house and men of Pakistani society feels superior by harassing, raping and
throwing acid on face of women. One of the tragic fact that why these acid attacks occur is
when a woman rejects sexual desire of a stranger he takes revenge by throwing acid on her
face as it is not causing her death but leaving physical and psychological effect on her life as she
has proud of her beauty now if beauty is destroyed no one will accept her. Apart from
psychological and physical effect, this acid attack also effects victims economically. For an
instance the effete might loose her job or being dropped from school, why because pur society
has cheap mentality that they cant stop criticizeing a women if she has a black spot on her
cheek.
When we consider Pakistan, according to journal article of Alma-e-Nisswa nearly there are 150
cases of acid attack victims registered each year in Pakistan and this number is increasing day
by day. The biggest question of all, Why Acid is used to create this sort of violence? Hence the
answer is acid is cheaply available and easily available you can get sulphuric or nitric acid from
local shops as toilet cleaners and no authority is there to question over it.
According to journal of criminology rejecting marriage proposal is not only reason of acid
attacks on women despite dowry, right of inheritance, whenever a girl exercise this right she
faces acid on her face and surprisingly in villages of Punjab even not husband the father or
brother of girl are involved in this crime.
One of the major trauma in Pakistan is that treatment of acid attack is quite expensive, a local
woman cannot afford surgeries to cure septicemia, renal disorder and everlasting pigmentation
and due to unable to cure disease she is hit by mental and psychological disorder that remain
with her till death or causes death earlier.
Unfortunately, cases like theft, murder, honor killing and adultery are reported and their record
is maintained but in countries like Pakistan there is no such law hence cases of acid attack are
not reported because people don’t consider it as crime or in some cases the victim epically
women are afraid to register FIR against the cruel hence anally very low data is shown but in
actual this crime has increased to its fullest after rape.
As this has become a global issue ,in this framework Like UN agencies have departments to deal
with human right violation, to deal with acid attack victim and acid crimes ACTi .i.e. Acid
Survivor Trust International that comprises over members from Pakistan Bangladesh, ,Nepal
and India is working day and night to create awareness of this issue. There are several article,
cases written frequently on causes, effects and highlights victims of this attack but none has
ever tried to write article or research on permanet remedy or cure to this crime.

Bibliography
Ahmed, N.-u.-d. (2011, jan 01). Acid Attacks on Women: An Appraisal of the Indian Legal Response. Asia-
Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 12(2), 55-72.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/138819011X13215419937940

Patel, M. (December 2014,). A Desire to Disfigure: Acid Attack in India. International Journal of
Criminology and Sociological Theory, 7(2), 1-11. Retrieved from
https://ijcst.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/ijcst/article/viewFile/39702/35950

Perveen, R. (2020). women and society contemorary issues and challanges. (R. Parveen, Ed.) Retrieved
from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tawhida_Akhter/publication/344380594_WOMEN_AND
_SOCIETY_CONTEMPORARY_ISSUES_AND_CHALLENGES_RESHMA_PARVEEN/links/
5f6e4cf4a6fdcc00863c976a/WOMEN-AND-SOCIETY-CONTEMPORARY-ISSUES-AND-
CHALLENGES-RESHMA-PARVEEN.pdf#page=58

sadia jabeen, m. r. (2020, januray 20). Applying Socioecological Framework to Acid Attack Violence: An
Exploration of Inhabitant Factors. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0886260519898442