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Document 1-converted - PROJECT

Electronics and communication engineering (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,

Kakinada)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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A PROJECT REPORT ON

FIRE DETECTION USING GSM AND ARDUINO

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the Award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
PRANEETHA (19NE1A0487)

GOPI (19NE1A0490)
SNEHALATHA (19NE1A04B4)

Under the guidance of

Mrs. P. VARALAKSHMI (MTech)

Assoc. Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

TIRUMALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE, (New Delhi)

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution

Jonnalagadda (v), Narasaraopet, Guntur Dist., Andhra Pradesh-522601

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TIRUMALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE, (New Delhi)

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution

Jonnalagadda (v), Narasaraopet, Guntur Dist., Andhra Pradesh-522601

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled, <FIRE DETECTION USING GSM AND
ARDUINO= is the bona fide work done by PRANEETHA (19NE1A0487), GOPI
(19NE1A0490) and SNEHALATHA (19NE1A04B4) submitted in partial fulfilment for the
award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING from Jawaharlal Technological University, Kakinada
under the guidance of Ms.P.VARALAKSMI (MTech)and supervision and worth of
acceptance of requirements of the university.

Signature of the guide signature of the HOD

Signature of external examiner

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DECLARATION

We are the students of Tirumala Engineering College here y declare that this project report
entitled <FIRE DETECTION USING GSM AND ARDUINO= being submitted to the
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada for
the award of <BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY= in Electronics and communication
Engineering is a record of bona fide work done by us and it has not been submitted to any other
Institute or University for the award of any other degree or prize.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

PRANEETHA (19NE1A0487)

GOPI (19NE1A0490)
SNEHALATHA (19NE1A04B4)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A successful project is a faithful culmination of efforts by many people, some were directly
involved and some other quickly encouraged and supported from the background of us during
the accomplishment of the project. We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who
helped and supported us during the accomplishment of project.

We take immense pleasure in thanking of our beloved principal sir Dr. Y.V. NARAYANA, M.E
(Ph D), for his kind attention and valuable guidance to carry We would like to gratefully
acknowledge out this project work.

our project guide Mrs P. VARALAKSHMI ( M.Tech) who has been abundantly helpful and has
assisted us in numerous ways. We specially thank our guide for their infinite patience .

We express our deep-felt gratitude to our H.O.D, Mr. T. JAGADEESH, M.S, MTech, PH.D of
the project for extending their constant encouragement. Their profound knowledge and
willingness have been a constant source of inspiration for us throughout the project work.

We should also thank our institution, our faculty, and our technicians without whom this project
would have been a distant reality. We also extend a heartfelt thanks to our family and well
wishers.

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LIST OF CONTENTS
OUR PROJECT CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING CONTENTS

➢ ABSTRACT ………………………… Page no -5

➢ INTRODUCTION ……………………………. Page no 6-7
➢ MOTIVATION …………………………… Page no -8-9
➢ OBJECTIVE ……………………………. Page no -10-11
➢ BLOCKS OF OUR PROJECT ……………………………Page no -12-26

FIG 1: circuit diagram of fire detection system

FIG 2: PRACTICAL CIRCUIT

FIG 3: ARDUINO UNO

FIG 4: FLOW CHART

FIG 5,6: SENSORS

FIG 7: BUZZER

FIG 8: CONNECTING VIEW OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG 9,10: GSM MODLE

FIG 11: LCD

FIG 12: CONNECTION WITH EXHAUST FAN

FIG 13: FLOWCHART ALGOITHM

➢ SOFTWARE DESIGN …………………………… Page no-27-28

➢ WORKING OF OUR PROJECT ……………………………Page no-29-30
➢ DISCUSSION ……………………………Page no-31-32
➢ CONCLUSION ……………………………Page no-33-34
➢ RESULT ………………………… Page no 35
➢ REFERENCES ………………………… Page no 36

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ABSTRACT

- Ever since mankind first began building structures out of wood rather than stone, fire has been
a part of the learning process. In fact, so common have these infernos been throughout history
that nearly every major city in the world has been largely burnt to the ground at one time or
another in its history. An example of such fire outbreak was in Boston 1872. While not as large a
fire as the one in Chicago the year before or the fire that was to ravage San Francisco just over
three decades later [2] Firefighting requires skills in combating, extinguishing, and preventing
fires, responding to emergency calls, operating and maintaining fire department equipment and
quarters, and extensive training in performing firefighting activities. The earliest known
firefighters were in the city of Rome. In 60 A.D., emperor Nero established a Corps of Vigils
(Vigils) to protect Rome after a disastrous fire. It consisted of 7,000 people equipped with
buckets and axes, and they fought fires and served as police [3]. In the 4th century B.C., an
Alexandrian Greek named Ctesibius made a double force pump called a siphon. As water rose in
the chamber, it compressed the air inside, which forced the water to eject in a steady stream
through a pipe and nozzle . Ancient Method of Extinguishing Fire, Ctesibius double force pump.
Nowadays, some factories and buildings have proper installation and fire safety and control
arrangements such as fire alarm, fire extinguishers, water supply system etc. But the problem is
these conventional fire extinguishing systems are not enough to take prompt action during fire
outbreak and hence, save life. The best way to reduce these losses is to respond to the emergency
situation as quickly as possible. So, there comes the necessity of a standalone fire detection
systems. This project therefore seeks to design a microcontroller fire alarm and control system
that will continuously monitor the presence of significant amount of heat and activate an alarm
and simultaneously switch off the mains of the building, send an SMS alert and extinguish the
fire as a safety measure to contain the situation.

The existing fire alarm system in market nowadays is too complex in terms of its design and
structure. Since the system is too complex, it needs regular maintenance to be carried out to
make sure the system operates well. Meanwhile, when the maintenance is being done to the
existing system, it could raise the cost of the system. Proposed System-- the project is designed
with a low cost and all level users can have one for a safety purpose. This project therefore seeks
to design a fire alarm system that will continuously monitor the presence of significant amount
of heat and activate an alarm simultaneously switch off the mains of the building, send a Short
Message Service (SMS) alert and extinguish the fire as a safety measure to contain the situation.

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INTRODUCTION

The system architecture of the automatic Fire alarm and control system can be divided into 8
main Modules. They include: 1. Display Module 2. Microcontroller Module 3. Sensory Module
4. Sound Module 5. GSM Module 6. DC Pump Motor 7. Appliance Module 8. Power Supply

Fire Alarm System using Arduino, LM35 Temperature Sensor and GSM Module. The
objectives of this fire detector using arduino is to sense the surroundings for occurrence of fire
with help of LM35 temperature sensor, and send 3 SMS alerts to two mobile numbers stored
inside the arduino program if fire is detected (using GSM Module).
We have developed a very good tutorial on how to interface GSM Module with Arduino and
send/receive SMS using GSM module. Interfacing any device with a micro controller is the first
step to building a useful system or project with that particular device. In this tutorial, we are
going to build a very interesting project 3 a Fire Alarm System which will send SMS to a set of
Mobile Numbers when fire occurs in a particular location. We have seen many typical Fire
Alarm projects which will alert with a siren or that activates an automatic shutdown mechanism.
This fire alarm project make use of modern communication technologies to deal with
emergencies.
GSM Module – Buyers Guide 3 are you looking to buy a GSM module? There are a handful of
product variants for GSM module 3 like SIM900, SIM300, SIM800 etc. We have created this
buyers guide to help you select the right GSM module for your project needs.

Applications of SMS based Fire Alarm System

1. SMS based Fire Alarm system are very useful in remote locations where human interaction is
limited. Such systems are useful in mines, industrial areas, factories etc.
2. Night Owl 3 We all know owls don9t sleep during night. SMS based Fire Alarm system helps
to monitor locations and alert during fire that occurs in night time.
3. Quick Actions to shut down Fire 3 90% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire
detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when it has spread
across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to multiple mobile
numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages
and losses created by a fire accident.
Note 1:- This same circuit can be used to build an arduino temperature alarm system 3 where an
alert has to be sent or a buzzer has to be turned on when temperature goes above or below a
particular level.
So lets get to the circuit!

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Circuit Diagram of GSM based Fire Alarm System using Arduino

Fig 2:Circuit Diagram Explanation-Arduino Fire Detector

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MOTIVATION
Fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-
related emergencies are detected. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke
detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices
such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall
mountable sounders or horns. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed
by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators.
Fire alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including low, medium
and high, depending on the country and manufacturer of the device. Most fire alarm systems in
Europe sound like a siren with alternating frequencies. Fire alarm electronic devices are known
as horns in the United States and Canada, and can be either continuous or set to different codes.
Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels.

Initiating devices
Fire alarm pull station

• Manually actuated devices; also known as fire alarm boxes, manual pull stations, or
simply pull stations, break glass stations, and (in Europe) call points. Devices
for manual fire alarm activation are installed to be readily located (near the exits),
identified, and operated. They are usually actuated by means of physical interaction,
such as pulling a lever or breaking glass.
• Automatically actuated devices can take many forms intended to respond to any
number of detectable physical changes associated with fire: convected thermal
energy; heat detector, products of combustion; smoke detector, radiant energy; flame
detector, combustion gases; fire gas detector, and release of extinguishing agents;
water-flow detector. The newest innovations can use cameras and computer
algorithms to analyze the visible effects of fire and movement in applications
inappropriate for or hostile to other detection methods.
A speaker and a remote light

• Notification Appliances utilize audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory

stimuli (odorizer) to alert the occupants of the need to evacuate or take action in the
event of a fire or other emergency. Evacuation signals may consist of simple
appliances that transmit uncoded information, coded appliances that transmit a
predetermined pattern, and or appliances that transmit audible and visible textual
information such as live or pre-recorded instructions, and illuminated message
displays.
• In the United States, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a standardized
audible tone, with visual notification in all public and common use areas. Emergency
signals are intended to be distinct and understandable to avoid confusion with other
signals.

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As per NFPA 72, 18.4.2 (2010 Edition) Temporal Code 3 is the standard audible notification in a
modern system. It consists of a repeated 3-pulse cycle (.5s on .5s off .5s on .5s off .5s on 1.5s
off). Voice Evacuation is the second most common audible in a modern system. Legacy systems,
typically found in older schools and buildings have used continuous tones alongside other
audible schemas.

• In the United Kingdom, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a two-tone
siren with visual notification in all public and common use areas. Some fire alarm
devices have an alert signal which is generally used for schools for lesson changes,
the start of morning break, end of morning break, the start of lunch break, end of
lunch break and when the school day is over.
• Audible textual appliances, which are employed as part of a fire alarm system that
includes Emergency Voice Alarm Communications (EVAC) capabilities. High-
reliability speakers are used to notifying the occupants of the need for action in
connection with a fire or other emergency. These speakers are employed in large
facilities where general undirected evacuation is considered impracticable or
undesirable. The signals from the speakers are used to direct the occupant's response.
The system may be controlled from one or more locations within the building known
as Fire Wardens Stations, or from a single location designated as the building Fire
Command Center. Speakers are automatically actuated by the fire alarm system in a
fire event, and following a pre-alert tone, selected groups of speakers may transmit
one or more prerecorded messages directing the occupants to safety. These messages
may be repeated in one or more languages. Trained personnel activating and speaking
into a dedicated microphone can suppress the replay of automated messages in order
to initiate or relay real-time voice instructions.

An important consideration when designing fire alarms is that of individual zones. The following
recommendations are found in BS 5839 Part 1:

• A single zone should not exceed 2,000m² in floor space.

• Where addressable systems are in place, two faults should not remove protection
from an area greater than 10,000m².
• A building may be viewed as a single zone if the floor space is less than 300m².
• Where the floor space exceeds 300m² then all zones should be restricted to a single
floor level.
• Stairwells, lift shafts or other vertical shafts (nonstop risers) within a single fire
compartment should be considered as one or more separate zones.
• The maximum distance traveled within a zone to locate the fire should not exceed
60m.

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OBJECTIVE

Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires early in their development when time will
still be available for the safe evacuation of occupants. Early detection also plays a significant role
in protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. Property loss can be reduced and
downtime for the operation minimized through early detection because control efforts are started
while the fire is still small. Most alarm systems provide information to emergency responders on
the location of the fire, speeding the process of fire control.

To be useful, detectors must be coupled with alarms. Alarm systems provide notice to at least
the building occupants and usually transmit a signal to a staffed monitoring station either on or
off site. In some cases, alarms may go directly to the fire department, although in most locations
this is no longer the typical approach.

These systems have numerous advantages as discussed above. The one major limitation is that
they do nothing to contain or control the fire. Suppression systems such as automatic sprinklers
act to control the fire. They also provide notification that they are operating, so they can fill the
role of a heat detection-based system if connected to notification appliances throughout the
building. They will not, however, operate as quickly as a smoke detection system. This is why
facilities where rapid notice is essential, even when equipped with sprinklers, still need detection
and alarm systems.

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Fig 2: practical circuit of our project

Hardware architecture: Since Arduino is the main board, microcontroller on it which is

ATmega328 is used as the main controller to manage the circuit accordingly. It is a well-known
open source microcontroller-based kit for creating digital devices and interactive tool that can
interact with LEDs, LCD display, switches, buttons, motors, speakers and many more. The
Arduino system offers a set of analog and digital pins that can be integrated to many other boards
and circuits which absolutely have different functions in a design. Arduino board provides a
USB serial communication interfaces for loading the codes from computer. To do the codes,
Arduino has prepared its own software called integrated development environment (IDE) which
completely supports C and C++ programming languages.

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BLOCKS OR COMPONENTS OF OUR PROJECT

FIG 3: Arduino uno

Figure 1 shows the Arduino UNO board that is used throughout the project. Figure 1. The
Arduino UNO board which uses microcontroller ATmega328 onboard. 3 1234567890 89<= 1st
International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018) 012079 doi :10.1088/1742-
6596/1019/1/012079 For GSM module, GSM SIM900A type is selected to carry the task in
communication part. It can operate on Dual-Band 900-1800 MHz and designed solely for outside
Europe and USA usage. It has an established performance, industrial grade interface standard
plus embedded TCP/IP protocol which makes it to be presentable and suitable for the electronics
project [9]. Since it consumes small of power in its operation, thus it is said able to communicate
with any low power consumption microcontroller. It can be interfaced by using many interfaces
which some are I2C, SPI interface, PWM, antenna pad, two serial interface and so forth. Figure 2
shows the GSM SIM900A device before connecting to the Arduino board. Figure 2. The GSM

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SIM900A module to communicate with Arduino board. Other than the two main components
mentioned, another component which is essential in this project is the temperature/heat sensor.
LM35 is chosen for measuring the temperature since it is an analog and linear temperature sensor
which has a linear relationship between output voltage and temperature changes (o C). Besides,
the LM35 does not require external calibration to deliver the accuracy of ±(1/4)o C at room
temperature or ±(8/4) oC at the temperature range of -55o C to +150o C [10]. Due to its low-
input impedance, linear output, and accurate inherent calibration of LM35, it does make the
sensor9s readout and control circuitry interfacing become easy [10], [11]. The device is usually
used with single power supply or with plus or minus supplies. It can receive an input range of -
2V up to 35V and result the output voltage range of -1V to 6V. Figure 3 displays the LM35
sensor which is used to measure the temperature for this project. Figure 3. LM35 sensor by
Texas Instrument. 4 1234567890 89<= 1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable
Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series
1019 (2018) 012079 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079 Figure 4 presents the block
diagram for the home fire alert while figure 5 displays the hardware architecture of the system.
The hardware design entails of two main components which are the connections between
Arduino UNO and the GSM SIM900A and Arduino UNO with the temperature sensor, LM35.
When a fire has broken out in the house, LM35 will trigger the heat. Upon reaching the
temperature of 40o C, it will directly send signal to the Arduino informing the high temperature.
The increased temperature will make the Arduino to alert the user about the situation through
GSM module. An SMS will be sent promptly to the user to let the user know the existence of the
fire in the house. At the same time, existence of the fire will be notified as well on the LCD
display.

THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM SHOWS THE FLOW CHART OF OUR PROJECT:

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FIG 4: Flow chart

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FIG5:SENSOR

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

FIG6: SENSOR

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TYPES OF TEMPERATURE DETECTOR 1. Resistance Temperature Detector 2. Thermistors

3. Thermocouples The main concern of this report are Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

and Thermistors, so they will be discuss in detail, which both falls into the category of

ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE SENSOR. Whereas the working principle of a thermocouple is

related with change in EMF generated due to the use of two dissimilar wires. 3.

ARCHETECTURE OF THE SYSTEM It can be implemented to any levels of the security

system. The architecture mainly consists of three components which are Arduino Uno, GSM

Modem and the sensor device which is the main detectors. The main function of the GSM

MODEM is the remote communication between the user and the controller through the RS 232

serial communication standard. The function of the controller is to continuously check the inputs

coming from the sensor device and send message through the GSM network in case of

emergency. The microcontroller is connected with different device like Resistance temperature

sensor, thermistors etc. The GSM modem is connected to the user, police station and fire brigade

through the mobile cellular network. An interference circuit has been designed which includes

sensor as input device. Then the programmed of microcontroller device has been connected to

the interface circuit and the GSM modem through the serial port of the GSM MODEM.

SENSING DEVICES FOR DETECTOR 4. SENSING DEVICE There are two sensing devices

mainly used for this report which are discuss in details. Resistance Temperature detector

Resistance Thermometers, also called Resistance Temperature Detectors or Resistive thermal

devices (RTDs), are temperature sensor that exploit the predictable change in electrical

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resistance of some materials with changing temperature. As they are almost invariably made of

platinum, IJSER International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4,

April-2016 260 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2016 http://www.ijser.org they are often called

platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs). They are slowly replacing the use of thermocouples in

many that governs resistance thermometry is given by Rt = R0 (1+α∆t+β∆t2+.) Where R0 =

resistance at reference temperature (usually ice point,0◦c) Rt = resistance at temperature t, Ω α =

temperature coefficient of resistance, Ω/Ω (◦c) β = coefficient calculated on the basis of two or

more known resistance temperature(calibration) points The RTD consist of pure metals or

certain alloys whose resistance increase as temperature increase and decrease as temperature

decrease. RTDs act like an electrical transducer, converting changes in temperature to voltage

signal by the measurement of resistance. The metals that are best matched for use as RTD

sensors are pure, of consistent quality, secure a given range of temperature. THERMISTOR The

name Thermistor is derived from thermally sensitive resistor, as the resistance of thermistor vary

as a function of temperature. While the fundamental principle of thermistors is well known

several decades ago, industrial and commercial utilization of thermistors as temperature

measurement was very slow in developing. A thermistor is an electrical device made of a solid

semiconductor with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity which would exhibit a linear

voltage current characteristic if its temperature were held constant. When a thermistor is use as a

sensing element, the relationship between resistance and temperature is primary concern. The

approximate relationship applying to most thermistor is Rt = R0 exp β (1/T- 1/T0) Where R0 =

resistance value at reference temperature T0 k , Ω Rt = resistance at temperature T, Ω β =

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constant over temperature range, dependent on manufacturing process and construction

characteristics β = E/K Where E = electron volt energy level K = Boltzmann9s constant 8.625 *

10_5 eV/k. OTHER DEVICES SIM-900 GSM module GSM (global system for mobile

communication) is a cellular network. GSM network operate in four different frequency ranges.

Most GSM network operate on 900 MHz or 1800MHz bands. The transmission power limited to

a maximum of 2 watts GSM 850/900/300 and 1 watt in 1800 /1900. The longest the GSM

specification supports in practical use is 35km(2mi). In this project we have use a SIM 900a

based GSM modem to receive and send short message to user and system. ARDUINO-UNO The

Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet power full single board computer has gained

considerable traction in the hobby and professional market. The Arduino is open souse Software.

The Arduino Project was started in I ITALY to develop a low cost hardware for interaction

design. A Duemilanove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5v

with 2Kb of RAM and 32Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1Kb of EEPROM for

Storing parameters. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which IJSER International Journal of Scientific

& Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016 261 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2016

http://www.ijser.org translates to about executing about 300,000 line of c source code per

second. The board has 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins. There is a USB connector for

talking to the host computers an DC power jack for connecting an external 6- 20 power source.

For example a 9v battery, when running a program while not connected to host computer.

Headers are provide for interfacing to the I/O pins using 22g solid ware and header connection.

Arduino-Uno LCD Display LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module

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and find a wide range of application. A 16×2 LCD display is very basic module and very

commonly used in various device and circuits. This module is preferred over seven 3 segments

and other multi segment LEDS. The reason being, LCD are economical and easily

programmable, have no limitation of displaying special and even custom characters (unlike in

seven segments,) animation and so on. Working of The System The system is fully controlled by

the microcontroller and the microcontrollers will continuously monitors the sensor, detector and

GSM modem. If the voltage level of sensor input pins goes to zero then it will send the 8AT+

CMGS=9USER MOBILE NUMBER= to GSM modem through serial port. The GSM modem

will response with the character 8>9. After receiving 8>9 microcontroller again send the type of

security problem SMS+CTRL Z to GSM modem. Then GSM modem will send this type of

problem to the user. For Example, any moment detected in security area at the time of

microcontroller pin number 39 goes to logical zero. Microcontroller sensed and immediately

send the problem to the GSM modem. When GSM modem sensed the problem it will send to the

user. MAIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF FIRE SENSOR ALARM The main diagram of this

project can derive all the essential part which is used for better technical aspect. . 1.LM35

TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND ARDUINO 2. GSM MODULE AND AURDINO UNO

3.LCD AND ARDUINO The LM35 is the main temperature sensor. It connected to the Arduino

UNO. The Arduino can sense the increasing temperature. IJSER International Journal of

Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016 262 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER

© 2016 http://www.ijser.org The GSM Module is also connected with this ARDUINO UNO.

When any problem arise or temperature is increase the after sensing this problem Arduino send

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this problem to the GSM module. When GSM get the problem it sends the problem to the user.

In other side the Arduino also connected with the LCD screen. As a result the problem can be

detect in the LCD screen through programming. In this way the increasing temperature can be

sensed using Arduino and GSM Module CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The paper

present user friendly and Low cost home and industrial security systems. It9s a real time security

purpose system developed with simple hardware which simplifies the possibility of error free

security system. The system can be easily implemented with maximum reliability and the high

security with the low cost is a special enhancement from the existing systems for home security.

RELAY AND BUZZER

The VCC and GND pins of the Flame Detector are connected with the Arduino9s 5 volts and

ground. While the digital output pin of the Flame Detector is connected with the Arduino9s

digital pin 4.

The S pin of the 5v Buzzer is connected with the PWM pin 5 of the Arduino, while the 3 pin is

connected with the Arduino9s Ground.

The GSM Sim900A module TXD pin is connected with the Arduino9s pin number 7, The RXD

pin is connected with the Arduino9s pin number 8, while the ground pin of the GSM Sim900A

module is connected with the Arduino9s ground. As I explained earlier the recommend voltage

for this GSM module is 4.7 to 5 volts.

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FIG 7:BUZZER

All fire systems have relays for notification purposes or to perform a function. Relays that

activate when the panel is in alarm, is in trouble or have a supervisory alarm and some have

relays that can be programmed to indicate a specific condition. These relays transition when the

fire system is in the condition required to generate the alarm. The contacts can signal another

r panel, alert the fire department or activate a dialer to call personnel.

Other relays are used in the system and installed at distant locations to generate output functions

such capturing elevators, stopping air conditioners or closing vents.

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FIG 8: CONNECTING VIEW OF CIURCUIT DIAGRAM

GSM MODULE

There are different kinds of GSM modules available in market. We are using the most popular

module based on Simcom SIM900 and Arduino Uno for this tutorial. Interfacing a GSM

module to Arduino is pretty simple. You only need to make 3 connections between the gsm

module and arduino

A GSM Module is basically a GSM Modern (like SIM 900) connected to a PCB with different

types of output taken from the board 3 say TTL Output (for Arduino, 8051 and other

microcontrollers) and RS232 Output to interface directly with a PC (personal computer). The

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board will also have pins or provisions to attach mic and speaker, to take out +5V or other values

of power and ground connections. These type of provisions vary with different modules.

Lots of varieties of GSM modem and GSM Modules are available in the market to choose from.

For our project of connecting a gsm modem or module to arduino and hence send and receive

sms using arduino 3 its always good to choose an arduino compatible GSM Module 3 that is a

GSM module with TTL Output provisions. This means the module supports communication in

900MHz band. We are from India and most of the mobile network providers in this country

operate in the 900Mhz band. If you are from another country, you have to check the mobile

network band in your area. A majority of United States mobile networks operate in 850Mhz

band (the band is either 850Mhz or 1900Mhz). Canada operates primarily on 1900 Mhz band.

Please read this wiki entry on GSM Frequency Bands around the World.

2. Check the power requirements of GSM module 3 GSM modules are manufactured by

different companies. They all have different input power supply specs. You need to double check

your GSM modules power requirements. In this tutorial, our gsm module requires a 12 volts

input. So we feed it using a 12V,1A DC power supply. I have seen gsm modules which require

15 volts and some other types which needs only 5 volts input. They differ with manufacturers. If
you are having a 5V module, you can power it directly from Arduino9s 5V out.

Note:- GSM Modules are manufactured by connecting a particular GSM modem to a PCB and
then giving provisions for RS232 outputs, TTL outputs, Mic and Speaker interfacing provisions
etc. The most popular modem under use is SIM 900 gsm modem from manufacturer SIMCom.
They also manufacture GSM Modems in bands 850, 300 and other frequency bands.

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FIG 9: GSM MODULE

FIG 10: GSM MODUKE

LCD:

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These are commonly used in the screen industries to replace the utilization of CRTs. Cathode

Ray Tubes use huge power when compared with LCDs, and CRTs heavier as well as bigger.

These devices are thinner as well power consumption is extremely less. The LCD 16×2 working

principle is, it blocks the light rather than dissipate. This article discusses an overview of LCD

16X2, pin configuration and its working.

FIG 11:LCD

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FIG 12: CONNECTION WITH EXHAUST FAN

The block diagram for the home fire alert displays the hardware architecture of the system. The

hardware design entails of two main components which are the connections between Arduino

UNO and the GSM SIM900A and Arduino UNO with the temperature sensor, LM35.

When a fire has broken out in the house, LM35 will trigger the heat. Upon reaching the

temperature of 40oC, it will directly send signal to the Arduino informing the high temperature.

The increased temperature will make the Arduino to alert the user about the situation through

GSM module.

An SMS will be sent promptly to the user to let the user know the existence of the fire in the

house. At the same time, existence of the fire will be notified as well on the LCD display.

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Software Design

The software for the system design to be built is a context diagram (a description of the system

designed), called DFD (Data Flow Diagram) level 0 [18]. The context diagram shown in Figure

2 is a general explanation of the entities involved. The entities in this system are the admin,

community, and firefighters. The admin will input the data required to design this system and

receive the information contained in the system. The citizens will receive notifications of gas

leaks. Notification of house fires will be sent by text message and alarm if there is a fire. The

fire brigade will receive information on the occurrence of fires and confirm fires in people9s

houses. DFD (Data Flow Diagram) level 0 on the home fire detection system built is shown in

Figure 3. In this perspective, there are three processes, 1.04process, 2.04tool checking, and

3.04confirmation. The admin aims to input the data needed for the system configuration to be

built and collected on the Arduino system. After the data is stored on the Arduino system,

people only need to check the tools installed at their houses. The citizens will receive

notification of gas leaks and potential fires that occur. The last process is when a house fire

happens, the Arduino system will send information in the form of an SMS to the fire

department, and then it will be confirmed that the fire incident occurred.

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FIG 13: FLOWCHART ALGORITHM

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working of our project

Step 1:fire will be detected by flame sensor

Lcd showing fire detected

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step 2:An SMS will be sent to mobile

figure showing GSM activation

Fig: Finally relay, buzzer, exhaust fan will be on

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DISCUSSION

We intend to create an automated and safety system by using Arduino which will detect fire and

send a warning message to the user. Alarm Systems are fundamental for security reasons. In this

project we have taken a temperature sensor where the sensor will sense the fire. The GSM

module is used to transmit the message if the temperature sensor senses any fire well in advance

so that further damage can be prevented. There are many applications where this project could be

employed. The idea is to sense the surroundings of the kitchen for any gas leakage and send an

image of the Kitchen to the mobile number stored inside the Arduino program whenever

necessary. The user can get the image of his/her kitchen whenever necessary and get a perfect

idea of how bad the situation is. This project is aimed to Design a Gas leakage with SMS alarm

for kitchen, either the owner is at home or not. The importance of this project is to give an alert

when there is leakage of Gas via SMS. It helps to enhance safety. In this project we use GSM

communication to alert the user at early stages if the gas sensor reports a fire.

Fire is one of the tragedies that cannot be predicted. Besides being unwanted, it is also often

uncontrollable when the fire spreads. Fire incidents are hazardous and disrupt people9s lives and

livelihoods. Fire is categorized as a form of disaster. According to the National Disaster

Management Agency (BNPB) in Indonesia , a disaster is a series of cases that threatens and

disrupts people9s lives and livelihoods caused by natural factors, non-natural factors, or human

factors, resulting in loss of life, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact.

Delay in coping with fires can cause in loss of human life or materials. Most of the fire cases

occurred in residential houses. A house is an object that is vulnerable to fire because of its kind

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of activities. Human safety is an essential factor that must be taken into account and prioritized in

a house fire. Therefore residents of houses affected by disasters must receive information in the

form of early warnings when a fire happens so that the human can be evacuated independently

. Information about the fire location is necessary to provide information to the fire department

for easier access to the fire location and prevent more significant losses .

The increasing number of residential houses, where houses are close to each other, will be more

challenging to handle in a fire tragedy. A fire that occurs in a house will quickly spread to all

elements of the house. House owners will identify the fire when it starts to spread, so there will

be less time to rescue the human or house materials. The antecedent of the fire comes from

various factors such as electric short circuits and others. For this reason, it is necessary to carry

out handling efforts that can provide more information to house owners and firefighters so

worthy action could be taken immediately as not to impact more significant losses.

This study will compose a system using an Arduino microcontroller, an open-source electronic

board. Arduino consists of the main components, particularly the ATMega 328 microcontroller.

This board works according to the program flow that is uploaded to the board. This design also

uses the MQ2 sensor, which is used to identify smoke, gas, and other things. The DS18B20

sensor is also used to measure the temperature in a room. The short message-based fire detector

uses another device in the form of a GSM shield module. This device will be used as a device

installed in the house and assists in sending messages that house owners and firefighters will

receive to carry out an early evacuation immediately.

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CONCLUSION

The results of the research that has been done will be discussed clearly. Two subjects that will

be explained are system implementation and system testing that has been done. System

Implementation From the results of this research, there are three steps to designing a home fire

detection system: the research concept, design of the device, and scheme of the program flow of

the home fire detection system. Further explanation will be explained as follows: 1. Research

concept Research on the fire detection system that has been carried out uses two sensors for

detection, the first is the DS18B20 sensor (temperature sensor), and the second is the MQ2

sensor (gas sensor). These two sensors are media to provide input to the Arduino

microcontroller. The results that are inputted from the two sensors provide information to

detected), Arduino will process the data to produce an output in the form of an alarm sound and

provide information to homeowners and firefighters via short messages sent via the GSM

module. This mechanism is a faster solution to find out the potential for a fire to occur in a

building/house. This home fire detection system identifies the potential for a house fire, where

the detection is carried out when receiving input from the DS18B20 temperature sensor and

MQ2 sensor, then the data will be processed on the Arduino. If the heat exceeds the standard

room temperature limit that has been determined, Arduino will instruct the GSM module to send

a short message to the homeowner and the fire department regarding the potential that can cause

a fire. This makes it easier for firefighters and homeowners to carry out rescues, thereby

reducing the potential for greater casualties. 2. Device design used The device used for the

prototype of the Arduino-based home fire detection system and SMS gateway consists of the

Arduino Uno microcontroller board, temperature sensor, gas sensor, buzzer, GSM module,

power adapter, and power supply (battery).

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The following is a specification of each tool used: •

Arduino Uno R3 Atmega328p • Sensor DS18B20 • Sensor MQ2 • GSM module Sim900 •

Active buzzer 5 V312 V • Adapter 12 V31 A • Alkaline Battery 9 V 3. Tool design Figure 4 is a

photo of a series of fire detectors that will be used to detect fires. The following is an

explanation of the function of each device used: • Arduino UNO R3: The function of Arduino

UNO R3 itself is as the control and decision-making center of the fire detection system. The

operation of the system is made from a program and then uploaded to the Arduino Uno R3 to be

done so that the connected input and output devices can operate according to the previously

uploaded program. • DS18B20 sensor: The function of the DS18B20 sensor is to identify the

room temperature in the home fire detection system. After detecting an increase in temperature

above >45 ◦C in the room, the data becomes the input for Arduino Uno R3 and further action

will be taken for the next process. • MQ2 sensor: The function of the MQ2 sensor is to identify

gas levels in the room. Detection of this sensor will be input for Arduino Uno R3 and further

action will be taken for the next process.

Adapter 12 V31 A: Serves to convert AC voltage to mid-DC, which provides power so that the

Arduino Uno R3 and GSM modules can work properly. • 9 V battery: Serves to supply and

provide electricity to the Arduino system and GSM module when the adapter does not work.

Knowledge 2021, 1, FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 16 In this step, the system will initialize the

buzzer on the Arduino device, which will be applied for home fire detection and SMS gateway

that functions as an alarm in the case of a fire. • Stage 5: Room temperature identification The

fifth step is the DS18B20 sensor interpreting.

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RESULT

Home fire detector circuit:

1. Program flow design The program flow plan that has been performed on the

design of a home fire detection system and the SMS gateway is more detailed, as

follows:

2. • Stage 1: Microcontroller initialization The first stage is the step when the home

fire detection system and SMS gateway are operated. In this stage, when the Arduino

system is ON, it will proceed to the next stage. • Stage 2: Initialization of DS18B20

and MQ2 sensors In this step, a prototype of a home fire detection system and an

SMS gateway will discover room temperature and LPG gas in a room initialized on

an Arduino device. Both of these devices will be available and set for the next stage.

• Stage 3: GSM module initialization In the third stage, the system will initialize the

GSM module on the Arduino device, which transfers short messages. • Stage 4:

Buzzer initialization In this step, the system will initialize the buzzer on the Arduino

device, which will be applied for home fire detection and SMS gateway that functions

as an alarm in the case of a fire. • Stage 5: Room temperature identification The fifth

step is the DS18B20 sensor interpreting process when the detection system is on.

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