Chapter Five: Analysis of indeterminate beams

Outlines
❖ Introduction
❖ Propped cantilever Beam
❖ Fixed Beams – Fixed end moment and reactions
❖ Analysis of Continuous beams, shear force, and Bending moment
diagrams for continuous beams
Introduction
❖Indeterminate beams are those that cannot be analyzed using the equations of static
equilibrium alone.
❖ There are different methods of analysis for indeterminate beams, Some of the methods are
❖The slope-deflection method, which is a displacement method that expresses the equilibrium
equations in terms of unknown joint displacements. The slope-deflection equations relate the
moments at the ends of the members to the rotations and displacements of the joints.
❖The force method or the method of consistent deformation, which involves selecting the
primary structures and the redundant unknowns, formulating compatibility equations
depending on the number of unknowns, and solving them. The flexibility coefficients can be
computed by the Mohr integral, deflection tables, or the graph multiplication method1.
❖The moment distribution method, which is a simplified version of the slope-deflection method
that distributes the unbalanced moments at each joint to the ends of the members connected to
that joint. The distribution factors and carry-over factors are used to determine the end
moments.
❖ Kani’s method: is also known as the Rotation Contribution Method. It is an approximate
method for analyzing statically indeterminate buildings and structures that can save a great
deal of time compared to the moment distribution method1. The method offers an iterative
scheme for applying the slope-deflection method
Propped cantilever Beam
❖A propped cantilever beam is a beam with one end fixed and the other end provided with simple
support. Such type of beam is cast by adding one pinned support at the free end of a cantilever
beam. Propped cantilever beam provides more rigidity than simply supported or cantilever beams.

❖
• The propped cantilever beam resists deflection and rotation on one
end, and a deflection resists the other, but rotation occurs. The propped
cantilever beam degree of stability comes as 1 or 2 per pinned or roller
support.
• Propped beams are a type of statically indeterminate structures, which
means that they cannot be solved by the equations of static equilibrium
alone.
• The analysis of propped beams requires the use of additional methods,
such as the force method, the slope-deflection method, or the moment
distribution method, to determine the unknown reactions and internal
forces in the beams.
• The analysis of propped beams also involves the calculation of
deflections, stresses, and strains in the beams under various loading
conditions.
Fixed Beams – Fixed end moment and reactions
❖The fixed end moments and reactions of a beam are the internal forces and
moments that are developed at the ends of the beam when both ends are fixed.
❖ A beam with both ends fixed is a statically indeterminate structure, which means
that it cannot be solved by the equations of static equilibrium alone.
❖ Therefore, additional methods, such as the force method, the slope-deflection
method, or the moment distribution method, are needed to analyze the beam.
❖ The fixed end moments and reactions depend on the type and distribution of the
load applied on the beam. Some common cases of loading are:
1. A single point load at any position along the beam.
The fixed end moments are given by
where F is the load magnitude, a is the distance
from the left end to the load, b is the distance from
the right end to the load, and L is the length of the
beam.
• A uniform continuous distributed load over the entire length of the beam. The
fixed end moments are given by:

where w is the load intensity per unit length.

•A uniform declining distributed load over the entire length of the beam. The fixed
end moments are given by:
where q is the maximum load intensity at the
left end

•A partly uniform continuous distributed load over a

portion of the beam. The fixed end moments are given by:

where q is the load intensity per unit length and a is the length
of the loaded portion.
Analysis of Continuous beams, shear force, and Bending moment diagrams for
continuous beams
• Slope deflection method