Mechanics of Materials

Statics, Dynamics and Mechanics of

Materials
• Statics and dynamics - external effects upon
rigid bodies (deformation can be neglected).

• Mechanics of Materials - internal effects and

deformations that are caused by the applied
loads.
Analysis of Internal Forces: Stress
Analysis of Internal Forces: Stress
Deformations produced by the components of
internal forces and
couples.
P: The component of the resultant force
that is perpendicular to the cross section,
tending to elongate or shorten the bar, is
called the normal force.
V: The component of the resultant force
lying in the plane of the cross section,
tending to shear (slide) one segment of
the bar relative to the other segment, is
called the shear force.
T: The component of the resultant couple
that tends to twist (rotate) the bar is
called the twisting moment or torque.
M: The component of the resultant couple
that tends to bend the bar is called the
bending moment.
 Axially Loaded Bars
1. Centroidal or Axial Loading
- when the loading is uniform, its resultant passes
through the centroid of the loaded area.
𝑷
𝝈=
𝑨
Normal and Shear Stress
Uniformly Distributed Stress:

𝑷
𝝈=
𝑨
Where: 𝜎 = normal stress
P = normal force
A = Area of the cross section

𝑽
𝝉=
𝑨
Where: 𝜏 = shear stress
V = shear force
A = Area of the cross section
 Axially Loaded Bars
2. Saint Venant’s Principle - The difference between
the effects of two different but statically equivalent
loads becomes very small at sufficiently large distances
from the load.
 Axially Loaded Bars
3. Stresses on Inclined Plane
 Procedure for Stress Analysis
1. Equilibrium Analysis
a. Find the external forces using FBD of the entire
structure.
b. Compute the axial force P in the member using the
method of sections.
2. Computation of Stresses
𝑷
a. Compute for the average normal stress using 𝝈 =
𝑨
b. In slender bars, s=P/A is the normal stress if the
section is sufficiently far from applied loads and abrupt
changes in the cross section (Saint Venant’s principle).
 Procedure for Stress Analysis
3. Design Considerations
• Computed stress must be compared with allowable or
working stress. Computed stress must be less than working
stress to avoid failure.
4. Note on the Analysis of Trusses
• The usual assumptions made in the analysis of trusses are:
(1) weights of the members are negligible compared to the
applied loads; (2) joints behave as smooth pins; and (3) all
loads are applied at the joints. Under these assumptions,
each member of the truss is an axially loaded bar. The
internal forces in the bars can be obtained by the method
of sections or the method of joints
 Sample Problems
• The bar ABCD in Fig. (a) consists of three
cylindrical steel segments with different
lengths and cross-sectional areas. Axial loads
are applied as shown. Calculate the normal
stress in each segment.
 Sample Problems
• For the truss shown in Fig. (a), calculate the
normal stresses in (1) member AC; and (2)
member BD. The cross-sectional area of each
member is 900 mm2
 Sample Problems
• Figure (a) shows a two-
member truss
supporting a block of
weight W. The cross-
sectional areas of the
members are 800 mm2
for AB and 400 mm2 for
AC. Determine the
maximum safe value of
W if the working
stresses are 110 MPa for
AB and 120 MPa for AC.