EFFECTS OF CONDITIONS & PARAMETERS ON WELDS

MASHIMBYI RT 222023503

MANGONYANE TBL 222441690

MAKHUBELE XTM 222456787

BHOLOKOSI MO 216038936

MANYIKE K 222376392

THELELE TN 221491430

MHLONGO N 218496095

Date of experiment: 18 August 2023

Name of technician: Ms MK NEMAVHOLA

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department: Chemical and Metallurgy

Course: Manufacturing Metallurgy 2 (EYMAM2A)

Date of submission: 15 September 2023

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ABSTRACT

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
3. METHODOLOGY 7
4. RESULTS 8
5. DISCUSSION 10
6. CONCLUSION 11
7. RECOMMENDATIONS 12
8. REFERENCES 13

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 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Multiple ferrous and non-ferrous metals permanently joined together at their

contacting surfaces by adequate application of heat and/or pressure with or without
the presence of a filler metal are said to be welded. Welding is generally executed on
materials of the same metallic properties; however, it can be expanded to dissimilar
metals. In other welding processes a filler material is required to facilitate the joining
process. The American Welding Society (AWS) recognise 50 different methods of
welding that are divided into two major groups, namely, Fusion welding and Solid-
State welding. In this experiment, the welding process (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
utilized is categorized as Fusion welding because of the application of significant
heat to melt the low carbon steel metal for union to transpire (Baghel, 2022).

1.2 Problem statement

Poor welding quality is the fundamental causes of structure fractures, breaks or

leaks which have serious consequences ranging from a small inconvenience to an
incident that can potentially claim lives. Weld quality is crucial to the intended
application of a workpiece. Its evaluation and comparison to a standard accepted
criteria or what is considered a good weld is beneficial in determining whether the
workpiece is applicable to specific service conditions. Fatigue failures in welded
structures begin for the most part in the welded joint where the fatigue strength is
generally lower compared to the base material (Stenberg et al, 2017).

1.3 Aim and Objective

The significance of welding originated from the idea that geometrically complex
configured materials can be produced by manufacturing different components and
joining them. However, several parameters and conditions have an impact on the
outcome of the welding process. Evaluating these variables and how to manipulate
them is extremely advantageous to predicting the outcome and prevention of
distortion and defects that may affect the workpiece (Bosman, 2022).

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1.4 Project Overview

In this study, an attempt was conducted to produce two weld joints by welding two
samples of low carbon steel (carbon steel) with varying conditions and parameters to
evaluate their impact on the quality of the weld.

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2 LITERATURE REVIEW

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3 METHODOLOGY
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4 RESULTS

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5 DISCUSSION

6 CONCLUSIONS

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7 RECOMMENDATION

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8 REFERENCES

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1. Baghel, P.K., 2022. Effect of SMAW process parameters on similar and
dissimilar metal welds: An overview. Heliyon.

2. Glossary of terms: welding, brazing, and soldering” (1993) in ASM

International eBooks, pp. 1206–1215. Available
at: https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0005662.
3. Stenberg, T. et al. (2017) “Quality control and assurance in fabrication of
welded structures subjected to fatigue loading,” Welding in the World, 61(5),
pp. 1003–1015. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0490-5.
4. Bosman, M. (2022) “Importance of welding and fabrication in the modern
age,” Welder Choice [Preprint]. Available at:
https://welderchoice.com/importance-of-welding-and-fabrication/.
5.

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